{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3155523095","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21608/sjam.2020.158568","title":"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u0648/ \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u0646 (1960-2019\u0645)","display_name":"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u0648/ \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u0646 (1960-2019\u0645)","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3155523095","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21608/sjam.2020.158568","mag":"3155523095"},"language":"ar","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21608/sjam.2020.158568","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21608/sjam.2020.158568","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21608/sjam.2020.158568","pdf_url":"https://sjam.journals.ekb.eg/article_158568_fc92714cba7d0a4598a2a486b62ca3c2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230804","display_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u06a9\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629","issn_l":"2090-2956","issn":["2090-2956","2735-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317178","host_organization_name":"Lund University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317178"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lund University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 . \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u0629","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://sjam.journals.ekb.eg/article_158568_fc92714cba7d0a4598a2a486b62ca3c2.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022015988","display_name":"\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0628 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0645","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63601056","display_name":"Menoufia University","ror":"https://ror.org/05sjrb944","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63601056"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0628 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0645","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u06a9\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u06a9\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63601056"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022015988"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63601056"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.35515898,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"122","first_page":"3","last_page":"47"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13162","display_name":"African Studies and Ethnography","score":0.47360000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13162","display_name":"African Studies and Ethnography","score":0.47360000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10070","display_name":"Political Conflict and Governance","score":0.35600000619888306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14395","display_name":"African history and culture studies","score":0.042899999767541885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnic-conflict","display_name":"ethnic conflict","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnic-politics","display_name":"ethnic politics","score":0.3799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nile-basin","display_name":"Nile Basin","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnic-groups","display_name":"ethnic groups","score":0.4749999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colonial-partition","display_name":"colonial partition","score":0.46299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnic-parties","display_name":"ethnic parties","score":0.4320000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnic-representation","display_name":"ethnic representation","score":0.42800000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amhara","display_name":"Amhara","score":0.4560000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baganda","display_name":"Baganda","score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secessionist-movements","display_name":"separatist movements","score":0.527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arab-israeli-conflict","display_name":"Arab-Israeli conflict","score":0.5889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-union","display_name":"African Union","score":0.31299999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-economic-integration","display_name":"regional economic integration","score":0.3630000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peacebuilding","display_name":"peacebuilding","score":0.36899998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conflict-prevention","display_name":"conflict prevention","score":0.3050000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.8750907182693481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.7318071722984314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35651441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625303","display_name":"Independence (probability theory)","level":2,"score":0.6201429963111877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C531593650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7167","display_name":"Colonialism","level":2,"score":0.5458061099052429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.45329752564430237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.426133394241333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.4128153920173645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.39340347051620483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.27448713779449463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.12779343128204346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.06798812747001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21608/sjam.2020.158568","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21608/sjam.2020.158568","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21608/sjam.2020.158568","pdf_url":"https://sjam.journals.ekb.eg/article_158568_fc92714cba7d0a4598a2a486b62ca3c2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230804","display_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u06a9\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629","issn_l":"2090-2956","issn":["2090-2956","2735-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317178","host_organization_name":"Lund University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317178"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lund University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 . \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u0629","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21608/sjam.2020.158568","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21608/sjam.2020.158568","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21608/sjam.2020.158568","pdf_url":"https://sjam.journals.ekb.eg/article_158568_fc92714cba7d0a4598a2a486b62ca3c2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230804","display_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u06a9\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629","issn_l":"2090-2956","issn":["2090-2956","2735-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317178","host_organization_name":"Lund University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317178"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lund University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 . \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u0629","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9595999717712402,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"},{"score":0.7578999996185303,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3155523095.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3155523095.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2982317486","https://openalex.org/W4283709573","https://openalex.org/W4412857631","https://openalex.org/W4387038984","https://openalex.org/W4406286817","https://openalex.org/W3116858018","https://openalex.org/W4239769479","https://openalex.org/W7009658440","https://openalex.org/W4366832538","https://openalex.org/W2312427354"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u064a\u0639\u062f":[0],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641":[1],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a":[2],"\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629":[3,310],"\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u061b":[4],"\u0625\u0630":[5],"\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631":[6],"\u0641\u064a":[7],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645":[8],"\u0646\u062d\u0648(8000)":[9],"\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629":[10,34,121,137],"\u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c":[11],"\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0630":[12],"\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627":[13],"\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627":[14],"\u0639\u0644\u0649(2200)":[15],"\u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629":[16,35,75,100],"\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629":[17],"\u061b":[18],"\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627":[19,240],"\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631":[20],"\u0628\u062b\u0644\u062b":[21],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f":[22,52],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629":[23,53,78,94,106,195,307],"\u0641\u0649":[24,123,134,139,170,193,209,231,272,290],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645(54)":[25],"\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u061b":[26],"\u0648\u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a":[27],"\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637":[28],"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a":[29,39,64,90,115,142],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629":[30,40,65,177],"\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629":[31],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629":[32],"\u0646\u062d\u0648(40,7)":[33],"\u0648":[36,136,301],"\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d":[37],"\u0639\u062f\u062f":[38],"\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0644":[41,196],"\u062d\u0648\u0636":[42,197,261],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644":[43,198],"\u0645\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646(450:3)":[44],"\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629\u061b\u0645\u0645\u0627":[45],"\u064a\u0639\u06a9\u0633":[46],"\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631":[47],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0632\u0642":[48],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u0649/":[49],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a":[50],"\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0645":[51],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629":[54],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649":[55,181],"\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627":[56],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631":[57,81,149],"\u0645\u0646\u0630":[58,219],"\u0639\u0627\u0645(1885)\u0645":[59],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649":[60,270],"\u062a\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644":[61],"\u0645\u0639":[62],"\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f":[63],"\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0633\u0645":[66],"\u0639\u0644\u0649":[67,98,128,141],"\u0639\u062f\u0629":[68,255],"\u062f\u0648\u0644":[69],"\u060c":[70,204],"\u0648\u0641\u0649":[71],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644":[72],"\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f":[73],"\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a":[74],"\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629":[76],"\u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f":[77],".":[79,144],"\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062c":[80],"\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629":[82],"\u0641\u0631\u0642":[83],"\u062a\u0633\u062f":[84],"\u061b\u0625\u0630":[85,280],"\u0623\u0630\u06a9\u0627":[86],"\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631":[87],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a":[88],"\u0628\u064a\u0646":[89,285],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627":[91],"\u062a\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u062a":[92],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628":[93],"\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644":[95,308],"\u0628\u0639\u062f":[96,150],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644":[97],"\u0623\u0633\u0633":[99],"\u061b\u0648\u0645\u0646":[101],"\u062b\u0645":[102,191],"\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644":[103,113],"\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639":[104],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628":[105],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629":[107],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629":[108],"\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b":[109],"\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647":[110],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633":[111],"\u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645":[112],"\u06a9\u0627\u0641\u0629":[114],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649":[116],"\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644":[117],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644":[118],"\u062a\u0645":[119],"\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632":[120],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0649":[122],"\u06a9\u0644\u0627":[124,210],"\u0645\u0646":[125,211,266,288,303],"\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627":[126],"\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0649":[127],"\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u062a\u0648":[129],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u060c":[130],"\u0648\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629":[131],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0647\u0631\u0629":[132],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a":[133],"\u0625\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627":[135,212,245],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0627":[138],"\u0623\u0648\u063a\u0646\u062f\u0627":[140],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649":[143],"\u0648\u0631\u062b\u062a":[145],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a":[146],"\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648/\u0625\u0645\u0631\u064a\u06a9\u064a\u0629":[147],"\u062f\u0648\u0631":[148],"\u062d\u0631\u0628":[151],"\u0623\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631":[152],"1973\u0645":[153],"\u0648\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d":[154],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629":[155],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629":[156],"\u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631":[157],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631":[158],"\u0648\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c":[159],"\u0639\u062f\u0646":[160],"\u0648\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0642":[161],"\u0628\u0627\u0628":[162],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0628":[163],"\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629":[164],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646":[165],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0649":[166],"\u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629":[167],"\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629":[168],"\u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627":[169],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629":[171],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629":[172],"\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627":[173],"\u0648\u062d\u0631\u0628\u0627\u061b\u0641\u0623\u062c\u062c\u062a":[174],"\u0631\u0648\u062d":[175],"\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a":[176],"\u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645\u062a":[178],"\u062d\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u062a":[179],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f":[180],"\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628":[182],"\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644\u061b":[183],"\u0644\u06a9\u0633\u0631":[184],"\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631":[185],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629":[186],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629":[187],"\u0639\u0646":[188,234,244,249],"\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u061b":[189],"\u0648\u0645\u0646":[190],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631":[192],"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629":[194,252],"\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644":[199],"\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628":[200],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646":[201],"\u0639\u0627\u0645":[202,220,246,291,296],"2011\u0645":[203],"\u0648\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f":[205],"\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645":[206,223],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646":[207],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0641\u062f\u0649":[208],"\u0648\u06a9\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627":[213],"\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644":[214],"\u0639\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627":[215],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645":[216],"\u0625\u0644\u0649":[217],"\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644":[218],"1964\u0645\u060c\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644":[221],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644":[222],"\u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0646\u062c\u0627":[224],"(\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0627":[225],"\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646)\u060c\u0648\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645":[226],"\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0649":[227],"\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629":[228],"\u0648\u06a9\u064a\u0641\u0648":[229],"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629":[230],"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629":[232],"\u0645\u0646(1964-1978)\u0645":[233],"\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u0646\u063a\u0648":[235],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629":[236],"\u0648\u062a\u0645":[237],"\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0645":[238],"\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629":[239],"\u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c":[241],"\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644":[242],"\u0625\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627":[243],"1993\u0645.":[247],"\u0648\u0646\u062a\u062c":[248],"\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641":[250],"\u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631":[251],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u0648/":[253],"\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629":[254],"\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a":[256],"\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627":[257],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628":[258,267,311],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061b\u0625\u0630":[259],"\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631":[260],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644(13)":[262],"\u062d\u0631\u0628\u0627":[263],"\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629":[264],"\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644(56,5\u066a)":[265],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629":[268,312],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629":[269],"\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u062a":[271],"\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629":[273],"\u0646\u062d\u0648":[274],"(6,5)":[275],"\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646":[276],"\u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629":[277],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631":[278],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a":[279],"\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a":[281],"\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629":[282],"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621":[283],"\u0645\u0627":[284],"(50":[286],":84,6\u066a)":[287],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u06a9\u0627\u0646":[289],"1990\u0625\u0644\u0649":[292],"\u0645\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646(14,9:":[293],"77,7":[294],"\u066a)":[295],"2014\u060c\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0646":[297],"\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f":[298],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646":[299],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0649":[300],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0649":[302],"\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644":[304],"\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0636":[305],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645":[306],"\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631":[309],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u062a":[313],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.":[314],"Ethnic":[315],"difference":[316,773],"is":[317,364,415],"a":[318,433,792],"global":[319],"phenomenon;":[320],"As":[321],"there":[322,423],"are":[323,424,505],"about":[324,365,713],"8000":[325],"ethnic":[326,337,358,367,373,390,413,425,447,459,483,571,684,778,799],"groups":[327,359,374,414,426],"spread":[328,757],"in":[329,349,360,375,421,454,492,506,512,556,593,609,620,654,678,682,689,733,739,753,776,788,803],"the":[330,346,350,361,370,376,387,395,410,442,463,479,487,497,501,509,521,526,531,534,538,541,545,551,568,582,585,591,594,598,604,612,615,630,637,647,655,660,664,671,683,696,703,710,721,731,756,759,772,777,782,798,804],"world,":[331],"Africa":[332,340,554],"alone":[333],"owns":[334],"2,200":[335],"different":[336],"groups.":[338],"While":[339],"accounts":[341],"for":[342,485,578,700,794],"one":[343],"third":[344],"of":[345,357,372,389,397,412,435,444,467,481,523,533,537,543,547,553,570,584,597,606,614,632,641,663,702,712,730,758,761,786],"political":[347,392,399,429,450,468,595,686,751,780,801],"borders":[348,400],"world":[351],"(54)":[352],"countries;":[353],"The":[354,680,724,767],"average":[355],"number":[356,371],"African":[362,704],"country":[363],"(40.7)":[366],"groups,":[368,384,448,484],"and":[369,394,420,437,461,465,469,472,478,494,499,508,530,550,558,565,573,617,623,629,639,646,651,666,673,717,746,755,764,774,784,800],"Nile":[377,599,697,805],"Basin":[378,600,698,806],"countries":[379,455,754],"ranged":[380,723],"between":[381,446,727,736,797],"(450:":[382],"3)":[383],"which":[385,504,708],"reflects":[386],"effects":[388],"/":[391,517,685,779],"rupture":[393],"demarcation":[396],"arbitrary":[398],"established":[401],"by":[402,749],"colonialism":[403,524],"since":[404,634],"1885":[405],"AD":[406],"Which":[407],"overlap":[408],"with":[409],"boundaries":[411],"divided":[416],"into":[417],"several":[418,690],"countries,":[419,601],"return":[422],"that":[427],"cross":[428],"borders.":[430],"Colonialism":[431],"pursued":[432],"policy":[434],"divide":[436],"rule,":[438],"as":[439,603,695,720,741,743],"it":[440],"stoked":[441],"roots":[443],"conflicts":[445,572],"while":[449],"parties":[451],"were":[452,667,726],"formed":[453],"after":[456,525],"independence":[457,640],"on":[458,496,561],"grounds;":[460],"then":[462],"representation":[464],"distribution":[466],"administrative":[470],"positions":[471],"wealth":[473],"according":[474],"to":[475,625,670,735,770,790],"these":[476],"foundations":[477],"non-representation":[480],"all":[482],"example":[486],"Tutsi":[488],"group":[489],"was":[490],"distinguished":[491],"Rwanda":[493],"Brundi":[495],"Hutu":[498],"Twa,":[500],"Amhara":[502],"group,":[503],"Ethiopia,":[507],"Paganda":[510],"community":[511],"Uganda,":[513],"among":[514],"others.The":[515],"Zionist":[516],"American":[518],"interventions":[519],"inherited":[520],"role":[522],"October":[527],"1973":[528],"war":[529],"clarity":[532],"strategic":[535],"importance":[536],"Red":[539],"Sea,":[540],"Gulf":[542],"Aden,":[544],"Strait":[546],"Bab":[548],"al-Mandab,":[549],"Horn":[552],"region":[555,587,643,650],"general":[557],"their":[559],"impact":[560],"international":[562,747],"politics,":[563],"peace":[564],"war;":[566],"fueled":[567],"spirit":[569],"supported":[574],"rebel":[575],"movements":[576],"calling":[577],"secession;":[579],"To":[580],"break":[581],"siege":[583],"Arab":[586],"from":[588,627,657,659,676],"Israel;":[589],"Then":[590],"change":[592,775],"map":[596,687,802],"such":[602],"secession":[605,638,675],"South":[607],"Sudan":[608],"2011":[610],"AD,":[611,636],"rebellion":[613],"Ogaden":[616],"Al-Anfadi":[618],"regions":[619],"both":[621],"Ethiopia":[622,677],"Kenya":[624],"separate":[626],"them":[628],"annexation":[631],"Somalia":[633],"1964":[635],"Katanga":[642],"(now":[644],"young),":[645],"Western":[648],"Kassi":[649],"East":[652],"Kivu":[653],"period":[656],"(1964-1978)":[658],"Democratic":[661],"Republic":[662],"Congo":[665],"subsequently":[668],"returned":[669],"state,":[672],"Eritrea's":[674],"1993.":[679],"differences":[681],"resulted":[688],"repercussions,":[691],"including":[692],"civil":[693,762],"wars,":[694,707],"accounted":[699],"(56.5%)":[701],"wars":[705,763],"(23)":[706],"caused":[709],"death":[711],"(6.5)":[714],"million":[715],"people":[716],"economic":[718],"deterioration,":[719],"proportion":[722],"poor":[725],"(50:":[728],"84,6%)":[729],"population":[732],"1990":[734],"(14,9:":[737],"77,7%)":[738],"2014,":[740],"well":[742],"threatening":[744],"national":[745],"security":[748],"undermining":[750],"systems":[752],"phenomenon":[760],"separatist":[765],"movements.":[766],"research":[768],"aimed":[769],"monitor":[771],"map,":[781],"causes":[783],"impacts":[785],"that,":[787],"order":[789],"set":[791],"strategy":[793],"management":[795],"integration":[796],"countries.":[807]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-25T08:18:29.962427","created_date":"2021-04-26T00:00:00"}
