{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3154786901","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app11083321","title":"Explaining Deep Learning-Based Driver Models","display_name":"Explaining Deep Learning-Based Driver Models","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3154786901","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app11083321","mag":"3154786901"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/app11083321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app11083321","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app11083321","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/8/3321/pdf?version=1617941185","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205812","display_name":"Applied Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3417","issn":["2076-3417"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/8/3321/pdf?version=1617941185","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087007419","display_name":"M. Paz Sesmero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9473-6809","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9473-6809"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maria Paz Sesmero Lorente","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9473-6809","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089341855","display_name":"Elena Mag\u00e1n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9797-6146","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9797-6146"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elena Mag\u00e1n Lopez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9797-6146","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093356462","display_name":"Laura Alvarez-Florez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4814-1374","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4814-1374"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura Alvarez Florez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059348719","display_name":"Agapito Ledezma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0041-6829","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0041-6829"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Agapito Ledezma Espino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0041-6829","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042119350","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Antonio Iglesias","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0447-5444","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0447-5444"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 Antonio Iglesias Mart\u00ednez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0447-5444","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075840120","display_name":"Araceli Sanchis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1429-4092","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1429-4092"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Araceli Sanchis de Miguel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1429-4092","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087007419"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2160},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2160},"fwci":2.2867,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89646455,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"8","first_page":"3321","last_page":"3321"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13295","display_name":"Safety Systems Engineering in Autonomy","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/explainable-ai","display_name":"explainable AI","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomous-driving","display_name":"autonomous driving","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/driver-assistance-systems","display_name":"driver assistance systems","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/driver-distraction-detection","display_name":"driver distraction detection","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-interpretability","display_name":"model interpretability","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-box-ai","display_name":"black-box AI","score":0.5450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trustworthy-ai","display_name":"trustworthy AI","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-explanation","display_name":"decision explanation","score":0.3100000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7305330634117126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.5926771759986877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5758060216903687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5699388980865479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5321941375732422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87833898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060280","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","level":2,"score":0.5200269222259521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.4603102207183838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.42227476835250854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.40966400504112244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3712361454963684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14212769269943237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/app11083321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app11083321","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app11083321","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/8/3321/pdf?version=1617941185","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205812","display_name":"Applied Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3417","issn":["2076-3417"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1d8fc40d1510453db560af47b5a93b33","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1d8fc40d1510453db560af47b5a93b33","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 8, p 3321 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:e-archivo.uc3m.es:10016/37732","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10016/37732","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400817","display_name":"e-Archivo (Carlos III University of Madrid)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","host_organization_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"research article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/app11083321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app11083321","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app11083321","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/8/3321/pdf?version=1617941185","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205812","display_name":"Applied Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3417","issn":["2076-3417"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3154786901.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1514706108","https://openalex.org/W1698658183","https://openalex.org/W1966797434","https://openalex.org/W1999478155","https://openalex.org/W2002968613","https://openalex.org/W2041946752","https://openalex.org/W2043642041","https://openalex.org/W2070036410","https://openalex.org/W2087483501","https://openalex.org/W2103943262","https://openalex.org/W2114802470","https://openalex.org/W2117812871","https://openalex.org/W2125127226","https://openalex.org/W2141359934","https://openalex.org/W2147490203","https://openalex.org/W2150283722","https://openalex.org/W2212765426","https://openalex.org/W2282821441","https://openalex.org/W2513130636","https://openalex.org/W2523947784","https://openalex.org/W2567218354","https://openalex.org/W2582781338","https://openalex.org/W2605218635","https://openalex.org/W2624419954","https://openalex.org/W2625929003","https://openalex.org/W2767434288","https://openalex.org/W2783719297","https://openalex.org/W2786715987","https://openalex.org/W2788403449","https://openalex.org/W2805915490","https://openalex.org/W2809468069","https://openalex.org/W2885138528","https://openalex.org/W2889870770","https://openalex.org/W2896216895","https://openalex.org/W2903703049","https://openalex.org/W2904311985","https://openalex.org/W2911935942","https://openalex.org/W2912346386","https://openalex.org/W2916690307","https://openalex.org/W2934625602","https://openalex.org/W2963987550","https://openalex.org/W2966722298","https://openalex.org/W2969646808","https://openalex.org/W2969880113","https://openalex.org/W2970526411","https://openalex.org/W2971295107","https://openalex.org/W2981731882","https://openalex.org/W2990048843","https://openalex.org/W2991431362","https://openalex.org/W2995733078","https://openalex.org/W3012228672","https://openalex.org/W3013443134","https://openalex.org/W3020774883","https://openalex.org/W3042183479","https://openalex.org/W3045665366","https://openalex.org/W3047930837","https://openalex.org/W3119225910","https://openalex.org/W4240187149","https://openalex.org/W4388330068","https://openalex.org/W4393829366","https://openalex.org/W6675736572"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4400108491","https://openalex.org/W4403390366","https://openalex.org/W2974343206","https://openalex.org/W3010040303","https://openalex.org/W4387204747","https://openalex.org/W4400810536","https://openalex.org/W4407692553","https://openalex.org/W4415749686","https://openalex.org/W7160157206","https://openalex.org/W4281477602"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Different":[0],"systems":[1,28,65,167],"based":[2],"on":[3,221],"Artificial":[4,85],"Intelligence":[5,86],"(AI)":[6],"techniques":[7,250],"are":[8,29,50,212,240],"currently":[9],"used":[10],"in":[11,60,66,130,152,161,173,198,225,251],"relevant":[12],"areas":[13],"such":[14],"as":[15],"healthcare,":[16],"cybersecurity,":[17],"natural":[18],"language":[19],"processing,":[20],"and":[21,48,94,207,232,242],"self-driving":[22],"cars.":[23],"However,":[24],"many":[25],"of":[26,63,101,111,120,128,133,137,147,155,157,164,194,214,230,235,246,255],"these":[27],"developed":[30],"with":[31],"\u201cblack":[32],"box\u201d":[33],"AI,":[34],"which":[35,77],"makes":[36],"it":[37,176],"difficult":[38],"to":[39,55,89,92,117,179,204],"explain":[40],"how":[41],"they":[42],"work.":[43],"For":[44,123],"this":[45,82,96,124,141,199,218,226],"reason,":[46,125],"explainability":[47,75],"interpretability":[49],"key":[51],"factors":[52],"that":[53,211],"need":[54],"be":[56,79,90],"taken":[57],"into":[58],"consideration":[59],"the":[61,99,109,118,126,131,145,153,158,162,181,184,192,195,205,208,215,228,233,244,247,252,256],"development":[62,119,163],"AI":[64,121,190],"critical":[67],"areas.":[68],"In":[69,98,140,187],"addition,":[70,188],"different":[71,74,209,253],"contexts":[72],"produce":[73],"needs":[76],"must":[78],"met.":[80],"Against":[81],"background,":[83],"Explainable":[84],"(XAI)":[87],"appears":[88],"able":[91],"address":[93],"solve":[95],"situation.":[97],"field":[100,127],"automated":[102,134],"driving,":[103],"XAI":[104,129],"is":[105,113,136,177,191],"particularly":[106],"needed":[107,197],"because":[108],"level":[110],"automation":[112],"constantly":[114],"increasing":[115],"according":[116],"techniques.":[122],"context":[132],"driving":[135,174],"particular":[138],"interest.":[139],"paper,":[142],"we":[143],"propose":[144],"use":[146],"an":[148],"explainable":[149,248],"intelligence":[150],"technique":[151],"understanding":[154],"some":[156],"tasks":[159,224,254],"involved":[160],"advanced":[165],"driver-assistance":[166],"(ADAS).":[168],"Since":[169],"ADAS":[170],"assist":[171],"drivers":[172],"functions,":[175],"essential":[178],"know":[180],"reason":[182],"for":[183],"decisions":[185],"taken.":[186],"trusted":[189],"cornerstone":[193],"confidence":[196],"research":[200],"area.":[201],"Thus,":[202],"due":[203],"complexity":[206],"variables":[210],"part":[213],"decision-making":[216],"process,":[217],"paper":[219],"focuses":[220],"two":[222],"specific":[223],"area:":[227],"detection":[229],"emotions":[231],"distractions":[234],"drivers.":[236],"The":[237],"results":[238],"obtained":[239],"promising":[241],"show":[243],"capacity":[245],"artificial":[249],"proposed":[257],"environments.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2021-04-26T00:00:00"}
