{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3153817618","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lsi.2020.49","title":"Law and the Laboratory: The British Vivisection Inspectorate in the 1890s","display_name":"Law and the Laboratory: The British Vivisection Inspectorate in the 1890s","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3153817618","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lsi.2020.49","mag":"3153817618"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/lsi.2020.49","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lsi.2020.49","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lsi.2020.49","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/1C00A9E8A711619E3D17E519789B90C3/S0897654620000490a.pdf/div-class-title-law-and-the-laboratory-the-british-vivisection-inspectorate-in-the-1890s-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129275725","display_name":"Law & Social Inquiry","issn_l":"0897-6546","issn":["0897-6546","1747-4469"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Law & Social Inquiry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/1C00A9E8A711619E3D17E519789B90C3/S0897654620000490a.pdf/div-class-title-law-and-the-laboratory-the-british-vivisection-inspectorate-in-the-1890s-div.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036065263","display_name":"Shira Shmuely","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6184-2031","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6184-2031"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16391192","display_name":"Tel Aviv University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mhzgx49","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shira Shmuely","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for the History and Philosophy of Science and Ideas , Tel Aviv University , Israel","Institute for the History and Philosophy of Science and Ideas, Tel Aviv University, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for the History and Philosophy of Science and Ideas , Tel Aviv University , Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for the History and Philosophy of Science and Ideas, Tel Aviv University, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036065263"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"],"apc_list":{"value":3255,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3255},"apc_paid":{"value":3255,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3255},"fwci":1.6341,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84835853,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"46","issue":"4","first_page":"933","last_page":"963"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14206","display_name":"Animal Law and Welfare","score":0.9018999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14206","display_name":"Animal Law and Welfare","score":0.9018999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12281","display_name":"Animal testing and alternatives","score":0.04470000043511391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3404","display_name":"Small Animals"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.014399999752640724,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vivisection","display_name":"vivisection","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animal-research-regulation","display_name":"animal research regulation","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animal-pain","display_name":"animal pain","score":0.4300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/experimental-laboratory","display_name":"experimental laboratory","score":0.5580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-order","display_name":"public order","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/1890","display_name":"1890s","score":0.7599999904632568}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51575053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72468","display_name":"Bureaucracy","level":3,"score":0.7681400775909424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778746772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16251440","display_name":"Coproduction","level":2,"score":0.6757842302322388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144559511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2986279","display_name":"Principal (computer security)","level":2,"score":0.582714855670929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.5545074343681335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523966790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q459426","display_name":"Animal welfare","level":2,"score":0.5282301902770996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1936750","display_name":"Cruelty","level":2,"score":0.47119829058647156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.4435185194015503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4383632242679596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4151357114315033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.2863274812698364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.15808308124542236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.11898991465568542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.08456888794898987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/lsi.2020.49","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lsi.2020.49","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lsi.2020.49","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/1C00A9E8A711619E3D17E519789B90C3/S0897654620000490a.pdf/div-class-title-law-and-the-laboratory-the-british-vivisection-inspectorate-in-the-1890s-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129275725","display_name":"Law & Social Inquiry","issn_l":"0897-6546","issn":["0897-6546","1747-4469"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Law & Social Inquiry","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/lsi.2020.49","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lsi.2020.49","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lsi.2020.49","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/1C00A9E8A711619E3D17E519789B90C3/S0897654620000490a.pdf/div-class-title-law-and-the-laboratory-the-british-vivisection-inspectorate-in-the-1890s-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129275725","display_name":"Law & Social Inquiry","issn_l":"0897-6546","issn":["0897-6546","1747-4469"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Law & Social Inquiry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.7297000288963318,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3153817618.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3153817618.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":92,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W129667016","https://openalex.org/W570081230","https://openalex.org/W598235141","https://openalex.org/W605685068","https://openalex.org/W611794770","https://openalex.org/W659238203","https://openalex.org/W1479691159","https://openalex.org/W1501903880","https://openalex.org/W1505879588","https://openalex.org/W1511148763","https://openalex.org/W1513507134","https://openalex.org/W1532801775","https://openalex.org/W1536060341","https://openalex.org/W1537409955","https://openalex.org/W1542888048","https://openalex.org/W1576315029","https://openalex.org/W1590909448","https://openalex.org/W1601623030","https://openalex.org/W1699406879","https://openalex.org/W1840271515","https://openalex.org/W1889631222","https://openalex.org/W1980390473","https://openalex.org/W1982281845","https://openalex.org/W1986372830","https://openalex.org/W1989122146","https://openalex.org/W2007941422","https://openalex.org/W2010952983","https://openalex.org/W2011292086","https://openalex.org/W2020498892","https://openalex.org/W2024571861","https://openalex.org/W2026961541","https://openalex.org/W2035924187","https://openalex.org/W2036746721","https://openalex.org/W2038289717","https://openalex.org/W2046927078","https://openalex.org/W2058475439","https://openalex.org/W2061028408","https://openalex.org/W2063325342","https://openalex.org/W2069190141","https://openalex.org/W2073657839","https://openalex.org/W2075858258","https://openalex.org/W2082261628","https://openalex.org/W2085002864","https://openalex.org/W2092649415","https://openalex.org/W2097341054","https://openalex.org/W2104012742","https://openalex.org/W2109242433","https://openalex.org/W2111064904","https://openalex.org/W2118478922","https://openalex.org/W2118789014","https://openalex.org/W2133319704","https://openalex.org/W2139604453","https://openalex.org/W2140153686","https://openalex.org/W2157331994","https://openalex.org/W2160615268","https://openalex.org/W2164187818","https://openalex.org/W2167593612","https://openalex.org/W2167858202","https://openalex.org/W2170830170","https://openalex.org/W2320155480","https://openalex.org/W2321078942","https://openalex.org/W2321856335","https://openalex.org/W2327298355","https://openalex.org/W2330150531","https://openalex.org/W2335400770","https://openalex.org/W2476186573","https://openalex.org/W2484851044","https://openalex.org/W2736313962","https://openalex.org/W2796188097","https://openalex.org/W2797103828","https://openalex.org/W3124427434","https://openalex.org/W3140877499","https://openalex.org/W4235593490","https://openalex.org/W4237315236","https://openalex.org/W4241271595","https://openalex.org/W4241351714","https://openalex.org/W4241751103","https://openalex.org/W4242109349","https://openalex.org/W4242611026","https://openalex.org/W4246224631","https://openalex.org/W4247024953","https://openalex.org/W4247668598","https://openalex.org/W4249266589","https://openalex.org/W4250547760","https://openalex.org/W4251206857","https://openalex.org/W4298346681","https://openalex.org/W4298415860","https://openalex.org/W4301729905","https://openalex.org/W4319588494","https://openalex.org/W4319781966","https://openalex.org/W4401975670","https://openalex.org/W6871958757"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980009509","https://openalex.org/W4225079011","https://openalex.org/W1996760592","https://openalex.org/W4379389758","https://openalex.org/W4210741599","https://openalex.org/W4254773719","https://openalex.org/W2367719725","https://openalex.org/W2008209196","https://openalex.org/W2274099242","https://openalex.org/W2892006536"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,24,75,156],"1876":[1],"British":[2],"Cruelty":[3],"to":[4,12,17,20,78,95,113],"Animals":[5],"Act":[6],"introduced":[7],"an":[8,138],"unprecedented":[9],"administrative":[10],"system":[11,37],"supervise":[13],"any":[14],"experiment":[15],"\u201ccalculated":[16],"give":[18],"pain\u201d":[19],"a":[21,31,35,44],"living":[22],"animal.":[23],"act,":[25],"which":[26],"was":[27],"in":[28,132,141,172],"force":[29],"for":[30,120],"hundred":[32],"years,":[33],"established":[34],"tight":[36],"of":[38,59,81,152,164,176],"control":[39],"over":[40],"animal":[41,165],"experimentation,":[42],"including":[43],"small,":[45],"but":[46,103],"vigorous,":[47],"inspectorate.":[48],"This":[49],"article":[50],"explores":[51],"the":[52,57,62,73,79,89,121,127,135,143,150,160,173],"relations":[53],"between":[54],"bureaucracy":[55],"and":[56,65,84,110,146,178],"production":[58,151],"knowledge":[60,177],"through":[61],"correspondences,":[63],"memos,":[64],"notes":[66],"taken":[67],"by":[68],"two":[69],"principal":[70],"inspectors":[71,76,128],"under":[72],"act.":[74],"belonged":[77],"worlds":[80],"both":[82],"law":[83],"science.":[85],"Coming":[86],"from":[87],"within":[88],"scientific":[90,154],"profession,":[91],"their":[92,108],"close":[93],"ties":[94],"medical":[96],"social":[97],"circles":[98],"not":[99],"only":[100],"evoked":[101],"critique":[102],"also":[104],"helped":[105],"them":[106,169],"fulfill":[107],"tasks":[109],"gain":[111],"access":[112],"research":[114],"laboratories.":[115],"Archival":[116],"records":[117],"examined":[118],"here":[119],"first":[122],"time":[123],"show":[124],"that,":[125],"although":[126],"downplayed":[129],"animals\u2019":[130],"pain":[131],"physiological":[133],"laboratories,":[134],"inspectorate":[136],"played":[137],"important":[139],"role":[140],"shaping":[142],"experimental":[144],"space":[145],"practice,":[147],"thus":[148],"facilitating":[149],"\u201cethical":[153],"facts.\u201d":[155],"inspectors\u2019":[157],"work":[158],"modeled":[159],"new":[161],"legal":[162],"regime":[163],"experimentation":[166],"regulation,":[167],"making":[168],"indispensable":[170],"agents":[171],"act\u2019s":[174],"coproduction":[175],"public":[179],"order.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-21T07:43:02.447757","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}