{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3152531767","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10383441.2021.1900031","title":"\u2018Common language\u2019 and proficiency tests: a critical examination of registration requirements for Australian registered migration agents","display_name":"\u2018Common language\u2019 and proficiency tests: a critical examination of registration requirements for Australian registered migration agents","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3152531767","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10383441.2021.1900031","mag":"3152531767"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10383441.2021.1900031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10383441.2021.1900031","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10383441.2021.1900031","pdf_url":"https://opus.lib.uts.edu.au/bitstream/10453/152020/3/Common%20language%20and%20proficiency%20tests.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764362924","display_name":"Griffith Law Review","issn_l":"1038-3441","issn":["1038-3441","1839-4205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["abdc-c","jufo-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Griffith Law Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://opus.lib.uts.edu.au/bitstream/10453/152020/3/Common%20language%20and%20proficiency%20tests.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088994255","display_name":"Laura Smith\u2010Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3551-221X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3551-221X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Laura Smith-Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Law, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3551-221X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Law, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088994255"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.339,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88309428,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"1","first_page":"97","last_page":"121"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13694","display_name":"Immigration Law and Human Rights","score":0.5830000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13694","display_name":"Immigration Law and Human Rights","score":0.5830000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14230","display_name":"Occupational and Professional Licensing Regulation","score":0.15150000154972076,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10265","display_name":"Multilingual Education and Policy","score":0.04650000110268593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-language-proficiency-test","display_name":"English language proficiency test","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-rights-compliance","display_name":"human rights compliance","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communicative-competence","display_name":"communicative competence","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immigration-control","display_name":"immigration control","score":0.4480000138282776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165347436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514547","display_name":"Project commissioning","level":3,"score":0.5454249978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151719136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3972943","display_name":"Publishing","level":2,"score":0.48723116517066956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4315437078475952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.43084996938705444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3722464442253113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.36458951234817505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.34874457120895386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.34819871187210083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/10383441.2021.1900031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10383441.2021.1900031","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10383441.2021.1900031","pdf_url":"https://opus.lib.uts.edu.au/bitstream/10453/152020/3/Common%20language%20and%20proficiency%20tests.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764362924","display_name":"Griffith Law Review","issn_l":"1038-3441","issn":["1038-3441","1839-4205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["abdc-c","jufo-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Griffith Law Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:opus.lib.uts.edu.au:10453/152020","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10453/152020","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401357","display_name":"UTS ePRESS (University of Technology Sydney)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","host_organization_name":"University of Technology Sydney","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10383441.2021.1900031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10383441.2021.1900031","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10383441.2021.1900031","pdf_url":"https://opus.lib.uts.edu.au/bitstream/10453/152020/3/Common%20language%20and%20proficiency%20tests.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764362924","display_name":"Griffith Law Review","issn_l":"1038-3441","issn":["1038-3441","1839-4205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["abdc-c","jufo-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Griffith Law Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.8299999833106995,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320967","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3152531767.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3152531767.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W430423579","https://openalex.org/W1597387112","https://openalex.org/W1642796681","https://openalex.org/W1803481583","https://openalex.org/W1963723338","https://openalex.org/W1994957338","https://openalex.org/W1995035743","https://openalex.org/W2033157205","https://openalex.org/W2041164866","https://openalex.org/W2042282798","https://openalex.org/W2069249319","https://openalex.org/W2090404480","https://openalex.org/W2123245440","https://openalex.org/W2147812707","https://openalex.org/W2327553715","https://openalex.org/W2352911466","https://openalex.org/W2422701826","https://openalex.org/W2560820104","https://openalex.org/W2567289819","https://openalex.org/W2689773894","https://openalex.org/W2754426660","https://openalex.org/W2768839036","https://openalex.org/W2789083327","https://openalex.org/W2791543744","https://openalex.org/W2893422794","https://openalex.org/W2921602411","https://openalex.org/W2924067684","https://openalex.org/W2924685722","https://openalex.org/W2973875101","https://openalex.org/W2982886818","https://openalex.org/W2992740785","https://openalex.org/W3024649918","https://openalex.org/W3024759746","https://openalex.org/W3092673246","https://openalex.org/W3120543281","https://openalex.org/W3124404641","https://openalex.org/W3125827023","https://openalex.org/W4233554911","https://openalex.org/W4243705121","https://openalex.org/W4255909688","https://openalex.org/W4302039694","https://openalex.org/W4386327905","https://openalex.org/W4388154864","https://openalex.org/W4405664635"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7133380412","https://openalex.org/W7198654146","https://openalex.org/W2497525559","https://openalex.org/W2263266811","https://openalex.org/W2484170700","https://openalex.org/W3125602439","https://openalex.org/W3125827023","https://openalex.org/W7079908351","https://openalex.org/W2291788007","https://openalex.org/W4376588296"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Registered":[0],"Migration":[1],"Agents":[2],"(RMAs),":[3],"the":[4,58,68,91,94,104,112,142,152,161,165,174],"practitioners":[5],"who":[6],"assist":[7],"with":[8],"Australian":[9,59],"visa":[10],"applications":[11],"and":[12,44,46,111,130,146],"appeals,":[13],"play":[14],"a":[15],"crucial":[16],"role":[17],"in":[18],"navigating":[19],"these":[20,83,169],"complex":[21],"legal":[22],"procedures.":[23],"RMAs\u2019":[24],"registration":[25],"requirements,":[26],"including":[27],"those":[28],"relating":[29],"to":[30,41,48,67,71,155],"English":[31],"language":[32],"proficiency":[33],"(ELP),":[34],"have":[35,54],"thus":[36],"garnered":[37],"much":[38],"attention,":[39],"leading":[40],"government-commissioned":[42],"reviews":[43],"inquiries,":[45],"amendments":[47],"regulations.":[49],"The":[50],"most":[51,105],"recent":[52,106],"changes":[53],"attracted":[55],"scrutiny":[56],"by":[57],"Parliamentary":[60],"Joint":[61],"Committee":[62,95],"on":[63,75,79,119,138],"Human":[64],"Rights,":[65],"due":[66],"unequal":[69],"burden":[70],"prove":[72],"ELP":[73,107,128],"placed":[74],"different":[76],"applicants":[77,134],"based":[78],"their":[80],"backgrounds.":[81],"However,":[82],"new":[84],"requirements":[85],"ultimately":[86],"came":[87],"into":[88],"force":[89],"without":[90],"government":[92,153],"satisfying":[93],"that":[96,124,168],"they":[97],"were":[98],"human":[99],"rights-compliant.":[100],"This":[101],"article":[102],"examines":[103],"rules":[108,125],"for":[109,116],"RMAs":[110],"Immigration":[113],"Minister\u2019s":[114],"justifications":[115],"these.":[117],"Drawing":[118],"sociolinguistic":[120],"scholarship,":[121],"it":[122],"finds":[123],"requiring":[126],"general":[127],"tests,":[129],"categorically":[131],"exempting":[132],"certain":[133],"from":[135],"testing,":[136],"rely":[137],"problematic":[139],"assumptions":[140],"about":[141],"nature":[143],"of":[144,176],"language,":[145],"are":[147],"therefore":[148],"unnecessarily":[149],"discriminatory.":[150],"Given":[151],"aims":[154],"ensure":[156],"specific":[157,170],"communicative":[158],"competencies":[159,171],"within":[160],"migration":[162],"advice":[163],"setting,":[164],"analysis":[166],"concludes":[167],"should":[172],"be":[173],"focus":[175],"any":[177],"required":[178],"assessment.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-18T07:49:30.821534","created_date":"2021-04-26T00:00:00"}