{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3149166134","doi":null,"title":"The Limited Partnership in New York, 1822-1853: Partnerships without Kinship","display_name":"The Limited Partnership in New York, 1822-1853: Partnerships without Kinship","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3149166134","mag":"3149166134"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:3149166134","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:nbr:nberwo:14412","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057679903","display_name":"Eric Hilt","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Hilt","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078926877","display_name":"Katharine E. O'Banion","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katharine E. O'Banion","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10605","display_name":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","score":0.9506999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10605","display_name":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","score":0.9506999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10019","display_name":"Corporate Finance and Governance","score":0.025299999862909317,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11903","display_name":"Private Equity and Venture Capital","score":0.005200000014156103,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limited-partnership","display_name":"limited partnership","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-networks","display_name":"family networks","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firm-formation","display_name":"firm formation","score":0.47999998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-failure","display_name":"business failure","score":0.5189999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firm-capital","display_name":"firm capital","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nineteenth-century-new-york-city","display_name":"nineteenth-century New York City","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-organization","display_name":"business organization","score":0.335999995470047}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71750763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q646164","display_name":"General partnership","level":2,"score":0.9088523387908936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144348335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171318","display_name":"Kinship","level":2,"score":0.8973435759544373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169743794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909695","display_name":"Limited partnership","level":3,"score":0.8455716967582703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17319257","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21189184","display_name":"Statute","level":2,"score":0.6184897422790527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775987171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192797","display_name":"Elite","level":3,"score":0.5835985541343689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5016605854034424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83646750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193893","display_name":"Capital (architecture)","level":2,"score":0.4709031581878662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.41865676641464233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.359560489654541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.3015817701816559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1771250069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:3149166134","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:nbr:nberwo:14412","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W182002049","https://openalex.org/W1493503904","https://openalex.org/W1508355365","https://openalex.org/W1596134073","https://openalex.org/W1966035561","https://openalex.org/W1968054806","https://openalex.org/W2003168982","https://openalex.org/W2060724301","https://openalex.org/W2104233613","https://openalex.org/W2151071005","https://openalex.org/W2160354002","https://openalex.org/W2170874346","https://openalex.org/W3125691604","https://openalex.org/W6829782768"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2997136015","https://openalex.org/W2076515151","https://openalex.org/W2060724301","https://openalex.org/W6995633989","https://openalex.org/W6992384286","https://openalex.org/W7215203213","https://openalex.org/W234878312","https://openalex.org/W2989989382","https://openalex.org/W1546874071","https://openalex.org/W576349610"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"1822,":[1],"New":[2,59],"York":[3,60],"became":[4],"the":[5,11,18,51,54,65,96,116,144,154],"first":[6],"common-law":[7],"state":[8],"to":[9,92,102,112],"authorize":[10],"formation":[12],"of":[13,53,75,98,156],"limited":[14,55,66,79,121,138,145],"partnerships,":[15],"and":[16,77,88,126,152],"over":[17],"ensuing":[19],"decades,":[20],"many":[21],"other":[22],"states":[23],"followed.":[24],"Most":[25],"prior":[26],"research":[27],"has":[28],"suggested":[29],"that":[30,64,78,143],"these":[31],"statutes":[32],"were":[33,89,108,123,133],"utilized":[34],"only":[35],"rarely,":[36],"but":[37],"little":[38],"is":[39],"known":[40],"about":[41],"their":[42,129,137],"effects.":[43],"Using":[44],"newly":[45],"collected":[46],"data,":[47],"this":[48],"paper":[49],"analyzes":[50],"use":[52],"partnership":[56,67,146],"in":[57,120],"nineteenth-century":[58],"City.":[61],"We":[62],"find":[63],"form":[68],"was":[69],"adopted":[70],"by":[71],"a":[72,124],"surprising":[73],"number":[74],"firms,":[76],"partnerships":[80,122,132],"had":[81],"more":[82],"capital,":[83],"failed":[84],"at":[85],"lower":[86],"rates,":[87],"less":[90],"likely":[91],"be":[93],"formed":[94],"on":[95],"basis":[97],"kinship":[99,150],"ties,":[100],"compared":[101],"ordinary":[103,131],"partnerships.":[104,139],"The":[105,140],"latter":[106],"differences":[107],"not":[109],"simply":[110],"due":[111],"selection:":[113],"even":[114],"though":[115],"merchants":[117],"who":[118],"invested":[119],"wealthy":[125],"successful":[127],"elite,":[128],"own":[130],"quite":[134],"different":[135],"from":[136],"results":[141],"suggest":[142],"facilitated":[147],"investments":[148],"outside":[149],"networks,":[151],"into":[153],"hands":[155],"talented":[157],"young":[158],"merchants.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2021-04-13T00:00:00"}