{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3148420755","doi":"https://doi.org/10.35860/iarej.779019","title":"Analysis of whether news on the Internet is real or fake by using deep learning methods and the TF-IDF algorithm","display_name":"Analysis of whether news on the Internet is real or fake by using deep learning methods and the TF-IDF algorithm","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3148420755","doi":"https://doi.org/10.35860/iarej.779019","mag":"3148420755"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.35860/iarej.779019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.35860/iarej.779019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.35860/iarej.779019","pdf_url":"https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1234771","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205947","display_name":"International Advanced Researches and Engineering Journal","issn_l":"2618-575X","issn":["2618-575X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["tr-dizin"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318380","host_organization_name":"S\u00fcleyman Demirel University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318380"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["S\u00fcleyman Demirel University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Advanced Researches and Engineering Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1234771","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089617690","display_name":"Tilbe KORKMAZ","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6882-5004","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6882-5004"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091267","display_name":"\u0130stanbul Geli\u015fim \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/0188hvh39","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091267"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tilbe KORKMAZ","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istanbul Gelisim University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Computer Engineering, Istanbul, 34310, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6882-5004","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istanbul Gelisim University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Computer Engineering, Istanbul, 34310, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091267"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078444239","display_name":"Ali \u00c7ET\u0130NKAYA","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4535-3953","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4535-3953"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091267","display_name":"\u0130stanbul Geli\u015fim \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/0188hvh39","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091267"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51826884","display_name":"Kocaeli \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/0411seq30","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51826884"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali \u00c7ET\u0130NKAYA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istanbul Gelisim University, Technology Transfer Office Application and Research Center, Istanbul, 34310, Turkey","Kocaeli University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Kocaeli, 41001, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4535-3953","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istanbul Gelisim University, Technology Transfer Office Application and Research Center, Istanbul, 34310, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091267"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kocaeli University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Kocaeli, 41001, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51826884"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hakan AYDIN","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0122-8512","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0122-8512"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091267","display_name":"\u0130stanbul Geli\u015fim \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/0188hvh39","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091267"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hakan AYDIN","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istanbul Gelisim University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Computer Engineering, Istanbul, 34310, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0122-8512","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istanbul Gelisim University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Computer Engineering, Istanbul, 34310, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091267"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031510189","display_name":"Mehmet Ali BARI\u015eKAN","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8039-2686","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8039-2686"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091267","display_name":"\u0130stanbul Geli\u015fim \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/0188hvh39","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091267"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehmet Ali BARI\u015eKAN","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istanbul Gelisim University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Computer Engineering, Istanbul, 34310, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8039-2686","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istanbul Gelisim University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Computer Engineering, Istanbul, 34310, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091267"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.522,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89446191,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":"31","last_page":"41"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fake-news-detection","display_name":"fake news detection","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/misinformation","display_name":"misinformation","score":0.48100000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tf-idf","display_name":"TF-IDF","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-news","display_name":"political news","score":0.7110000252723694}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81758059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q796584","display_name":"tf\u2013idf","level":3,"score":0.7953451871871948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5818595886230469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.5747258067131042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5682443380355835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5678617358207703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.46802860498428345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.441024512052536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4286138415336609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.38154423236846924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3714320659637451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.32285094261169434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.13438314199447632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.35860/iarej.779019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.35860/iarej.779019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.35860/iarej.779019","pdf_url":"https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1234771","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205947","display_name":"International Advanced Researches and Engineering Journal","issn_l":"2618-575X","issn":["2618-575X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["tr-dizin"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318380","host_organization_name":"S\u00fcleyman Demirel University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318380"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["S\u00fcleyman Demirel University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Advanced Researches and Engineering Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dergipark.org.tr:article/779019","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/iarej/issue/60476/779019","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401840","display_name":"DergiPark (Istanbul University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67581229","host_organization_name":"Istanbul University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67581229"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.35860/iarej.779019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.35860/iarej.779019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.35860/iarej.779019","pdf_url":"https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1234771","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205947","display_name":"International Advanced Researches and Engineering Journal","issn_l":"2618-575X","issn":["2618-575X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["tr-dizin"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318380","host_organization_name":"S\u00fcleyman Demirel University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318380"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["S\u00fcleyman Demirel University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Advanced Researches and Engineering Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3148420755.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3148420755.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2142083752","https://openalex.org/W2726529999","https://openalex.org/W2736427456","https://openalex.org/W2757111500","https://openalex.org/W2766034339","https://openalex.org/W2768227486","https://openalex.org/W2781611731","https://openalex.org/W2787222364","https://openalex.org/W2897098357","https://openalex.org/W2906461268","https://openalex.org/W2911251991","https://openalex.org/W2914793569","https://openalex.org/W2914928107","https://openalex.org/W2921805701","https://openalex.org/W2922046442","https://openalex.org/W2925215068","https://openalex.org/W2948634591","https://openalex.org/W2949386843","https://openalex.org/W2950076635","https://openalex.org/W2955529810","https://openalex.org/W2963077422","https://openalex.org/W2965118370","https://openalex.org/W2969424024","https://openalex.org/W2969436899","https://openalex.org/W2975258621","https://openalex.org/W2978840955","https://openalex.org/W2979142414","https://openalex.org/W2981207549","https://openalex.org/W2981368964","https://openalex.org/W2981744839","https://openalex.org/W2982101965","https://openalex.org/W2993467169","https://openalex.org/W2995544949","https://openalex.org/W2996930874","https://openalex.org/W2998255456","https://openalex.org/W2998384296","https://openalex.org/W3000584507","https://openalex.org/W3004501310","https://openalex.org/W3014740133","https://openalex.org/W3014775352","https://openalex.org/W3037778891","https://openalex.org/W3081332416","https://openalex.org/W3082504926","https://openalex.org/W3138953784"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7223168149","https://openalex.org/W3204515063","https://openalex.org/W4382897143","https://openalex.org/W3166858732","https://openalex.org/W4406938539","https://openalex.org/W7125510906","https://openalex.org/W3186462029","https://openalex.org/W4403677652","https://openalex.org/W4323363754","https://openalex.org/W7128927264"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Internet":[0],"use":[1],"has":[2],"become":[3],"increasingly":[4],"widespread":[5],"nowadays.":[6],"In":[7,45],"addition,":[8],"there":[9],"is":[10,55],"a":[11,39,83,140],"significant":[12],"increase":[13],"in":[14,21,38,111],"the":[15,25,30,35,53,67,70,127,143],"amount":[16],"of":[17,29,51,85,91,97,142],"text":[18,112],"content":[19,36],"produced":[20,37],"digital":[22],"media.":[23],"However,":[24],"accuracy":[26],"and":[27,34,49,99,105,131,134],"inaccuracy":[28],"news":[31,54,87],"we":[32],"read":[33],"large":[40],"number":[41],"are":[42],"also":[43],"unknown.":[44],"this":[46,92],"study,":[47],"classification":[48,113,123],"analysis":[50],"whether":[52],"real":[56],"or":[57],"not":[58],"were":[59,137],"done":[60],"by":[61,74],"using":[62],"Deep":[63],"Learning":[64],"methods.":[65],"For":[66],"English":[68],"news,":[69,101],"data":[71,80,93,128],"set":[72,81,129],"created":[73],"Katharine":[75],"Jarmul":[76],"was":[77,102,114,124],"used.":[78],"The":[79,89,108,122],"contained":[82],"total":[84],"6336":[86],"items.":[88],"distribution":[90],"set,":[94],"which":[95],"consisted":[96],"political":[98,100],"50%":[103,106],"fake":[104],"real.":[107],"method":[109],"used":[110,130],"Term":[115],"Frequency":[116,120],"-":[117],"Inverse":[118],"Document":[119],"(TF-IDF).":[121],"made":[125],"with":[126],"93.88%":[132],"success":[133],"6.12%":[135],"error":[136],"obtained":[138],"as":[139],"result":[141],"analysis.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2021-04-13T00:00:00"}