{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3147460296","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jalm/jfab030","title":"Longitudinal Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 Antinucleocapsid and Antispike-1-RBD Antibody Testing Following PCR-Detected SARS-CoV-2 Infection","display_name":"Longitudinal Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 Antinucleocapsid and Antispike-1-RBD Antibody Testing Following PCR-Detected SARS-CoV-2 Infection","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3147460296","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jalm/jfab030","mag":"3147460296","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33822964","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8083453"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jalm/jfab030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jalm/jfab030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jalm/jfab030","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jalm/article-pdf/6/4/1005/38880206/jfab030.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238310","display_name":"The Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine","issn_l":"2475-7241","issn":["2475-7241","2576-9456"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jalm/article-pdf/6/4/1005/38880206/jfab030.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019513920","display_name":"Joe M El-Khoury","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9444-9540","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9444-9540"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joe M El-Khoury","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015305880","display_name":"Wade L. Schulz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2048-4028","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2048-4028"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wade L Schulz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043329620","display_name":"Thomas J S Durant","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1107-8148","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1107-8148"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thomas J S Durant","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043329620"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"],"apc_list":{"value":3745,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3745},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4288,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64412676,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"4","first_page":"1005","last_page":"1011"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11754","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing","score":0.8730000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11754","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing","score":0.8730000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10118","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research","score":0.12439999729394913,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10041","display_name":"COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sars-cov-2","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-nucleocapsid-antibodies","display_name":"anti-nucleocapsid antibodies","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serologic-assays","display_name":"serologic assays","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity-and-specificity","display_name":"sensitivity and specificity","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pcr-confirmed-infection","display_name":"PCR-confirmed infection","score":0.656000018119812}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3007834351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82069695","display_name":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","level":5,"score":0.8359616994857788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.7375308871269226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.6588733196258545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3006700255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81068910","display_name":"2019-20 coronavirus outbreak","level":3,"score":0.6491877436637878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020799909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q85438966","display_name":"Sars virus","level":5,"score":0.5751827955245972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16532287","display_name":"Betacoronavirus","level":5,"score":0.4214462637901306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3952750563621521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.35154062509536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116675565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241045","display_name":"Outbreak","level":2,"score":0.10685905814170837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.08089780807495117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.04880648851394653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.04866364598274231}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086742","descriptor_name":"COVID-19 Testing","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000914","descriptor_name":"Antibodies, Viral","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000914","descriptor_name":"Antibodies, Viral","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005060","descriptor_name":"Europe","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008137","descriptor_name":"Longitudinal Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011237","descriptor_name":"Predictive Value of Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011933","descriptor_name":"Reagent Kits, Diagnostic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016133","descriptor_name":"Polymerase Chain Reaction","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019251","descriptor_name":"Nucleocapsid","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D064370","descriptor_name":"Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/jalm/jfab030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jalm/jfab030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jalm/jfab030","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jalm/article-pdf/6/4/1005/38880206/jfab030.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238310","display_name":"The Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine","issn_l":"2475-7241","issn":["2475-7241","2576-9456"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8083453","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8083453","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Appl Lab Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:33822964","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33822964","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The journal of applied laboratory medicine","raw_type":"Comparative Study"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jalm/jfab030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jalm/jfab030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jalm/jfab030","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jalm/article-pdf/6/4/1005/38880206/jfab030.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238310","display_name":"The Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine","issn_l":"2475-7241","issn":["2475-7241","2576-9456"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9537000060081482,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000905448","display_name":"Yale Clinical and Translational Science Award","funder_award_id":"UL1TR001863","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337472","display_name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04pw6fb54"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3147460296.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3147460296.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2910862973","https://openalex.org/W3012846954","https://openalex.org/W3013985547","https://openalex.org/W3017576620","https://openalex.org/W3024178701","https://openalex.org/W3028281848","https://openalex.org/W3032217811","https://openalex.org/W3036717743","https://openalex.org/W3045212976","https://openalex.org/W3047980753","https://openalex.org/W3110275103","https://openalex.org/W3111424223","https://openalex.org/W3121444821","https://openalex.org/W3144714362"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3121444821","https://openalex.org/W3216454271","https://openalex.org/W4283363247","https://openalex.org/W4304787538","https://openalex.org/W3096243826","https://openalex.org/W3046492335","https://openalex.org/W4206419151","https://openalex.org/W4210769676","https://openalex.org/W3154142905","https://openalex.org/W3198207072"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"SARS-CoV-2":[1,50,86,255],"serologic":[2,36],"assays":[3,37,118,180],"are":[4,230],"becoming":[5],"increasingly":[6],"available":[7],"and":[8,61,68,91,116,121,140,153,178,183,226,246],"may":[9,233,241,247],"serve":[10],"as":[11,102],"a":[12,16,45,92,249],"diagnostic":[13,59,111],"aid":[14],"in":[15,38,42,128,236,244],"multitude":[17],"of":[18,34,48,63,85,94,144,158,213],"settings":[19],"relating":[20],"to":[21,80,98,198],"past":[22],"infection":[23,51,87],"status.":[24],"However,":[25],"there":[26,132],"is":[27],"limited":[28],"literature":[29],"detailing":[30],"the":[31,58,64,99,114,125,129,138,173,176,199,208],"longitudinal":[32],"performance":[33],"EUA-cleared":[35],"US":[39],"populations,":[40],"particularly":[41],"cohorts":[43],"with":[44,203],"remote":[46,197,254],"history":[47],"PCR-confirmed":[49],"(e.g.,":[52],">2":[53],"months).":[54],"METHODS:":[55],"We":[56],"evaluated":[57],"sensitivities":[60,112,174],"specificities":[62],"Elecsys\u00ae":[65],"Anti-SARS-CoV-2":[66,70],"(anti-N)":[67],"Elecsys":[69],"S":[71],"(anti-S1-RBD)":[72],"assays,":[73,142],"using":[74],"174":[75],"residual":[76],"clinical":[77],"samples":[78,95,127],"up":[79],"267":[81],"days":[82,150,167,220],"post-PCR":[83,151,168,221],"diagnosis":[84],"(n":[88,105,170],"=":[89,106,171],"154)":[90],"subset":[93],"obtained":[96],"prior":[97],"COVID-19":[100],"pandemic":[101],"negative":[103],"controls":[104],"20).":[107],"RESULTS:":[108],"The":[109,187],"calculated":[110],"for":[113,175,252],"anti-N":[115,139,177],"anti-S1-RBD":[117,141,159,179,188,239],"were":[119,133,146,181,215],"89%":[120],"93%,":[122],"respectively.":[123,185],"Of":[124],"154":[126],"SARS-CoV-2-positive":[130,209],"cohort,":[131],"6":[134,204],"discrepant":[135],"results":[136],"between":[137],"5":[143,212],"which":[145,214],"specimens":[147,164,206],"collected":[148,165,216],"\u2265200":[149],"positivity":[152,169],"only":[154,162],"had":[155],"detectable":[156],"levels":[157],"antibodies.":[160],"When":[161],"considering":[163],"\u2265100":[166],"41),":[172],"85%":[182],"98%,":[184],"CONCLUSIONS:":[186],"assay":[189],"demonstrated":[190],"superior":[191],"sensitivity":[192],"at":[193],"time":[194],"points":[195],"more":[196,205,217],"PCR":[200],"detection":[201],"date,":[202],"from":[207],"cohort":[210],"detected,":[211],"than":[218],"200":[219],"positivity.":[222],"While":[223],"analytical":[224],"differences":[225],"reagent":[227],"lot-to-lot":[228],"variability":[229],"possible,":[231],"this":[232],"indicate":[234],"that,":[235],"some":[237],"instances,":[238],"antibodies":[240],"persist":[242],"longer":[243],"vivo":[245],"be":[248],"better":[250],"target":[251],"detecting":[253],"infection.":[256]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2021-04-13T00:00:00"}
