{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3147439396","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/adev_a_00159","title":"Does Computer-Aided Instruction Improve Children's Cognitive and Noncognitive Skills?","display_name":"Does Computer-Aided Instruction Improve Children's Cognitive and Noncognitive Skills?","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3147439396","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/adev_a_00159","mag":"3147439396"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/adev_a_00159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/adev_a_00159","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/adev_a_00159","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764835697","display_name":"Asian Development Review","issn_l":"0116-1105","issn":["0116-1105","1996-7241"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718","https://openalex.org/P4310316440"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press","Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Development Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/adev_a_00159","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047261572","display_name":"Hirotake Ito","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203951103","display_name":"Keio University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kn6nx58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hirotake Ito","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075841010","display_name":"Keiko Kasai","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","display_name":"University of East Anglia","ror":"https://ror.org/026k5mg93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keiko Kasai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of International Development, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of International Development, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079904961","display_name":"Hiromu Nishiuchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8515-2748","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8515-2748"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89630735","display_name":"Yokohama City University","ror":"https://ror.org/0135d1r83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89630735"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiromu Nishiuchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of International Management, Yokohama City University, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of International Management, Yokohama City University, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89630735"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047548977","display_name":"Makiko Nakamuro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8428-8512","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8428-8512"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203951103","display_name":"Keio University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kn6nx58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Makiko Nakamuro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Policy Management, Keio University, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Policy Management, Keio University, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047261572"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2378,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88832734,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"1","first_page":"98","last_page":"118"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10674","display_name":"School Choice and Performance","score":0.6416000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10674","display_name":"School Choice and Performance","score":0.6416000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13412","display_name":"Education and Technology Integration","score":0.1071000024676323,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11556","display_name":"Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare","score":0.04100000113248825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-assisted-instruction","display_name":"computer-assisted instruction","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-technology","display_name":"educational technology","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-skills","display_name":"cognitive skills","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-cognitive-skills","display_name":"non-cognitive skills","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-education","display_name":"primary education","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-efficiency","display_name":"learning efficiency","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-aspirations","display_name":"higher education aspirations","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-expectations","display_name":"student expectations","score":0.3310000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cambodia","display_name":"Cambodia","score":0.4699999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.6354577541351318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134290984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141241","display_name":"Cognitive skill","level":3,"score":0.5725337266921997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.5592589974403381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5140043497085571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.47373664379119873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.4429440498352051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155108698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1231081","display_name":"Randomized experiment","level":2,"score":0.44026362895965576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.3366302251815796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.33611440658569336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.3341417908668518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.23185840249061584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.06936809420585632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/adev_a_00159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/adev_a_00159","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/adev_a_00159","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764835697","display_name":"Asian Development Review","issn_l":"0116-1105","issn":["0116-1105","1996-7241"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718","https://openalex.org/P4310316440"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press","Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Development Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"mag:3204162330","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3834470","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a2906601884248c687a19d9c6b733026","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a2906601884248c687a19d9c6b733026","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Asian Development Review, Vol 38, Iss 1, Pp 98-118 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/adev_a_00159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/adev_a_00159","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/adev_a_00159","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764835697","display_name":"Asian Development Review","issn_l":"0116-1105","issn":["0116-1105","1996-7241"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718","https://openalex.org/P4310316440"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press","Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Development Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9235000014305115,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/randomized-controlled-trial","display_name":"Randomized Controlled Trial"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial","display_name":"Clinical Trial"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1826201113","display_name":"To promote evidence-based policy making in education","funder_award_id":"20K20333","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1555677187","https://openalex.org/W1586592961","https://openalex.org/W1963134143","https://openalex.org/W1985791213","https://openalex.org/W1999203981","https://openalex.org/W2000895760","https://openalex.org/W2022581073","https://openalex.org/W2040155222","https://openalex.org/W2115445966","https://openalex.org/W2155648052","https://openalex.org/W2173842329","https://openalex.org/W2254954768","https://openalex.org/W2474268077","https://openalex.org/W2540256703","https://openalex.org/W2577227262","https://openalex.org/W2590906141","https://openalex.org/W2890914064","https://openalex.org/W2891536942","https://openalex.org/W2895825588","https://openalex.org/W3121385028","https://openalex.org/W3122522764","https://openalex.org/W3124369876","https://openalex.org/W3144040573","https://openalex.org/W4239107312"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2972615094","https://openalex.org/W3087583211","https://openalex.org/W2212397327","https://openalex.org/W2038175273","https://openalex.org/W1991852949","https://openalex.org/W2016805398","https://openalex.org/W2083328606","https://openalex.org/W7043084307","https://openalex.org/W2016317714","https://openalex.org/W4250307994"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,69],"paper":[1],"examines":[2],"the":[3,44,67,95],"causal":[4],"effects":[5,47],"of":[6,39,58],"computer-aided":[7],"instruction":[8],"(CAI)":[9],"on":[10,48],"children's":[11],"cognitive":[12,49],"and":[13,53,65],"noncognitive":[14],"skills.":[15],"We":[16],"ran":[17],"a":[18],"clustered":[19],"randomized":[20],"controlled":[21],"trial":[22],"at":[23,63],"five":[24],"elementary":[25],"schools":[26],"with":[27],"more":[28],"than":[29],"1,600":[30],"students":[31],"near":[32],"Phnom":[33],"Penh,":[34],"Cambodia.":[35],"After":[36],"3":[37],"months":[38],"intervention,":[40],"we":[41,83],"find":[42,84],"that":[43,71,85],"average":[45],"treatment":[46],"skills":[50],"are":[51],"positive":[52],"statistically":[54],"significant,":[55],"while":[56],"hours":[57],"study":[59],"were":[60],"unchanged":[61],"both":[62],"home":[64],"in":[66,75,94],"classroom.":[68],"indicates":[70],"CAI":[72,86],"is":[73],"successful":[74],"improving":[76],"students\u2019":[77,88],"learning":[78],"productivity":[79],"per":[80],"hour.":[81],"Furthermore,":[82],"raises":[87],"subjective":[89],"expectation":[90],"to":[91],"attend":[92],"college":[93],"future.":[96]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2021-04-13T00:00:00"}