{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3147424243","doi":null,"title":"How Property and Civil Rights Help Forest Tribes Modernize and Prosper","display_name":"How Property and Civil Rights Help Forest Tribes Modernize and Prosper","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3147424243","mag":"3147424243"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:3147424243","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3674096","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3674096","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079638150","display_name":"Swaminathan S. Anklesaria Aiyar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1313505808","display_name":"Cato Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04kfydn45","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313505808"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Swaminathan S. Anklesaria Aiyar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cato Institute;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cato Institute;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1313505808"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057174804","display_name":"Neeraj Kaushal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6466-1367","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6466-1367"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neeraj Kaushal","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)","Columbia University - School of Social Work"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6466-1367","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University - School of Social Work","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11789","display_name":"Land Rights and Reforms","score":0.3400999903678894,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11789","display_name":"Land Rights and Reforms","score":0.3400999903678894,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13864","display_name":"Indigenous Cultures and History","score":0.25369998812675476,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13879","display_name":"Indigenous Peoples' Rights and Law","score":0.21799999475479126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property-rights","display_name":"property rights","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-rights","display_name":"civil rights","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modernization","display_name":"modernization","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sardar-sarovar-dam","display_name":"Sardar Sarovar Dam","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forced-displacement","display_name":"forced displacement","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eminent-domain","display_name":"eminent domain","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rehabilitation","display_name":"rehabilitation","score":0.49799999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-title","display_name":"land title","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ancestral-land","display_name":"ancestral land","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bamboo","display_name":"bamboo","score":0.30399999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transgenic-cotton","display_name":"transgenic cotton","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tribal-empowerment","display_name":"tribal empowerment","score":0.3930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maoist-insurgency","display_name":"Maoist insurgency","score":0.6029999852180481}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53844881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856122","display_name":"Modernization theory","level":2,"score":0.7402976155281067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86511162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8799101","display_name":"Property rights","level":2,"score":0.646484375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779362956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166332","display_name":"Eminent domain","level":2,"score":0.6205475330352783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5512486696243286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104513104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837556","display_name":"Displaced person","level":3,"score":0.5087824463844299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5085803270339966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.48100265860557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777617010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18957","display_name":"Mainstream","level":2,"score":0.4666955769062042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137607661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66493932","display_name":"Land tenure","level":3,"score":0.4432920813560486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.34449148178100586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.29704582691192627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.187301903963089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.16233643889427185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173145845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131572","display_name":"Refugee","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:3147424243","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3674096","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:3147424243","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3674096","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8046000003814697,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.7605999708175659,"display_name":"Life on land"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4074000120162964,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7147148429","https://openalex.org/W2921938961","https://openalex.org/W7154853029","https://openalex.org/W4285201455","https://openalex.org/W1499927646","https://openalex.org/W3156735404","https://openalex.org/W4416524494","https://openalex.org/W7221452414","https://openalex.org/W7118412771","https://openalex.org/W6997313720"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Do":[0],"historically":[1],"isolated":[2],"forest":[3,130,186,205,236,255,327],"tribes":[4,21,48,237,271,298,315,330,353],"need":[5],"protection":[6],"from":[7,289],"modernization?":[8],"Critics":[9],"claim":[10],"that":[11,23,47,83,157],"modernization,":[12],"especially":[13],"through":[14],"dams":[15],"and":[16,22,32,53,60,78,81,137,141,209,233,291,340],"mining,":[17],"is":[18,97,228],"disastrous":[19],"for":[20,116,159,257],"tribes-people":[24,67,219],"cannot":[25],"handle":[26],"commercial":[27],"life,":[28],"are":[29,123],"easily":[30],"duped,":[31],"end":[33],"up":[34],"destitute.":[35],"Some":[36,329],"modernization":[37],"projects":[38],"have":[39,308,341,354],"fueled":[40],"Maoist":[41],"insurrections.":[42],"However,":[43,143],"other":[44,322],"examples":[45],"show":[46],"can":[49,162],"join":[50],"mainstream":[51],"society":[52],"prosper":[54],"if":[55,190],"empowered":[56],"with":[57,198],"property":[58,316,349],"rights":[59,317],"civil":[61],"rights.\r\n\r\nWe":[62],"researched":[63],"the":[64,69,76,94,117,199,223],"displacement":[65,85],"of":[66,146,174,249,264],"by":[68],"Sardar":[70,107],"Sarovar":[71,108],"Dam":[72,109],"in":[73,75,103,132,225,238,272,320,331,345],"India":[74],"1980s":[77],"early":[79],"1990s":[80],"found":[82],"forced":[84],"using":[86,300],"eminent":[87],"domain":[88],"should":[89],"only":[90],"be":[91,195],"implemented":[92],"where":[93],"public":[95],"interest":[96],"exceptionally":[98],"strong,":[99],"as":[100,242,263],"it":[101],"was":[102],"this":[104],"case.":[105],"The":[106,244],"project":[110],"had":[111,260],"a":[112,170,337],"good":[113],"rehabilitation":[114],"package":[115],"tribes-people:":[118],"those":[119],"who":[120],"were":[121,188],"displaced":[122,147,175],"much":[124],"better":[125],"off":[126],"than":[127,165],"their":[128,153,239,282],"former":[129],"neighbors":[131],"land":[133,161,258],"ownership,":[134],"consumer":[135],"durables,":[136],"access":[138],"to":[139,150,152,183,194,221,254,280,325,336],"schools":[140],"hospitals.":[142],"54":[144],"percent":[145,208,211],"people":[148,176],"wished":[149],"return":[151],"old":[154],"habitat,":[155],"showing":[156],"nostalgia":[158],"ancestral":[160,240],"matter":[163],"more":[164],"material":[166],"goods.":[167],"By":[168],"contrast,":[169],"majority":[171],"(56":[172],"percent)":[173],"under":[177],"age":[178],"40":[179],"did":[180],"not":[181,217],"want":[182],"return.":[184],"Nearby":[185],"dwellers":[187,256],"asked":[189],"they":[191,259],"would":[192],"like":[193],"\u201cforcibly\u201d":[196],"resettled":[197],"full":[200],"compensation":[201],"package.":[202],"In":[203],"two":[204],"groups,":[206],"31":[207],"52":[210],"said":[212],"yes.":[213],"Clearly":[214],"many,":[215],"though":[216],"all,":[218],"yearn":[220],"leave":[222],"jungle.\r\n\r\nLand":[224],"reserved":[226],"forests":[227],"legally":[229],"considered":[230],"government":[231],"property,":[232],"laws":[234],"treat":[235],"lands":[241],"encroachers.":[243],"Indian":[245],"Forest":[246],"Rights":[247],"Act":[248],"2006":[250,311],"provided":[251],"legal":[252],"title":[253],"been":[261],"cultivating":[262],"December":[265],"2005.":[266],"With":[267,348],"nongovernmental":[268],"organization":[269],"assistance,":[270],"Gujarat":[273,332],"state":[274,326],"used":[275],"global":[276],"positioning":[277],"system":[278],"devices":[279],"map":[281],"boundaries,":[283],"superimposed":[284],"these":[285],"on":[286],"Google":[287],"maps":[288],"2005,":[290],"thus":[292],"claimed":[293],"title.":[294],"After":[295],"getting":[296],"title,":[297],"started":[299],"tractors.":[301],"Many":[302],"grow":[303],"genetically":[304],"modified":[305],"cotton.":[306],"They":[307],"quickly":[309],"modernized.\r\n\r\nThe":[310],"act":[312],"also":[313],"gave":[314],"over":[318],"bamboo":[319,335],"forests;":[321],"trees":[323],"belong":[324],"departments.":[328],"now":[333],"supply":[334],"paper":[338],"mill":[339],"earned":[342],"$4.5":[343],"million":[344],"five":[346],"years.":[347],"rights,":[350],"once":[351],"penniless":[352],"become":[355],"prosperous":[356],"plantation":[357],"owners.":[358]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:32:53.992493","created_date":"2021-04-13T00:00:00"}
