{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3145905029","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1553/moegg162s65","title":"Busting the Scales: From Small-Scale Informal to Investor-Driven Urban Developments. The Case of Tirana / Albania","display_name":"Busting the Scales: From Small-Scale Informal to Investor-Driven Urban Developments. The Case of Tirana / Albania","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3145905029","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1553/moegg162s65","mag":"3145905029"},"language":"de","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1553/moegg162s65","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1553/moegg162s65","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1553/moegg162s65","pdf_url":"https://austriaca.at/0xc1aa5576_0x003c53d3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26427988","display_name":"Mitteilungen der \u00d6sterreichischen Geographischen Gesellschaft","issn_l":"0029-9138","issn":["0029-9138","2708-0307"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317868","host_organization_name":"\u00d6sterreichische Geographische Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317868"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["\u00d6sterreichische Geographische Gesellschaft"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mitteilungen der \u00d6sterreichischen Geographischen Gesellschaft","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://austriaca.at/0xc1aa5576_0x003c53d3.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014628095","display_name":"Daniel G\u00f6ler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0377-0724","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0377-0724"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68784830","display_name":"University of Tirana","ror":"https://ror.org/03g9v2404","country_code":"AL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68784830"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94626330","display_name":"University of Bamberg","ror":"https://ror.org/01c1w6d29","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94626330"]}],"countries":["AL","DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel G\u00f6ler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geography, Geographic Migration and Transition Studies, University of Bamberg, D-96045 Bamberg, Germany,","Department of Geography, Faculty for History and Philology, University of Tirana, Tirana [Tiran\u00eb], Albania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geography, Geographic Migration and Transition Studies, University of Bamberg, D-96045 Bamberg, Germany,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94626330"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, Faculty for History and Philology, University of Tirana, Tirana [Tiran\u00eb], Albania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68784830"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5097327299","display_name":"Dimit\u00ebr Doka","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68784830","display_name":"University of Tirana","ror":"https://ror.org/03g9v2404","country_code":"AL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68784830"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94626330","display_name":"University of Bamberg","ror":"https://ror.org/01c1w6d29","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94626330"]}],"countries":["AL","DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimit\u00ebr Doka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, Faculty for History and Philology, University of Tirana, Tirana [Tiran\u00eb], Albania","Institute of Geography, Geographic Migration and Transition Studies, University of Bamberg, D-96045 Bamberg, Germany,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, Faculty for History and Philology, University of Tirana, Tirana [Tiran\u00eb], Albania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68784830"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geography, Geographic Migration and Transition Studies, University of Bamberg, D-96045 Bamberg, Germany,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94626330"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4723,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71535029,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"65","last_page":"90"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10239","display_name":"Urban Planning and Governance","score":0.9355000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10239","display_name":"Urban Planning and Governance","score":0.9355000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13920","display_name":"Urban Planning and Valuation","score":0.04399999976158142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12273","display_name":"Latin American Urban Studies","score":0.006099999882280827,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tirana","display_name":"Tirana","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-development","display_name":"urban development","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-socialism","display_name":"post-socialism","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-informality","display_name":"urban informality","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/megaprojects","display_name":"megaprojects","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-private-partnerships","display_name":"public-private partnerships","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-transition","display_name":"urban transition","score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-elites","display_name":"national elites","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ordinary-cities","display_name":"ordinary cities","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-socialist-urbanism","display_name":"post-socialist urbanism","score":0.5699999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.732819676399231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.47083190083503723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148383697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781695","display_name":"Regional science","level":1,"score":0.44609665870666504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.42464685440063477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.18263837695121765}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1553/moegg162s65","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1553/moegg162s65","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1553/moegg162s65","pdf_url":"https://austriaca.at/0xc1aa5576_0x003c53d3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26427988","display_name":"Mitteilungen der \u00d6sterreichischen Geographischen Gesellschaft","issn_l":"0029-9138","issn":["0029-9138","2708-0307"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317868","host_organization_name":"\u00d6sterreichische Geographische Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317868"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["\u00d6sterreichische Geographische Gesellschaft"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mitteilungen der \u00d6sterreichischen Geographischen Gesellschaft","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.20378/irb-49927","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20378/irb-49927","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20378/irb-49927","pdf_url":"http://fis.uni-bamberg.de/bitstreams/df6b42cf-abb1-45c1-a945-238c1b32e5e7/download","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:epub.oeaw.ac.at:0x003c53d3","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://epub.oeaw.ac.at/?arp=8885-8inhalt/MOeGG162_065-090_Goeler_Doka.pdf","pdf_url":"http://epub.oeaw.ac.at/?arp=8885-8inhalt/MOeGG162_065-090_Goeler_Doka.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402293","display_name":"Oesterreichisches Musiklexikon online (Institut f\u00fcr kunst- und musikhistorische Forschungen der  \u00d6sterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210118987","host_organization_name":"Institut f\u00fcr Wissenschaft und Kunst","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://hw.oeaw.ac.at/moegg162","raw_type":"journal"},{"id":"pmh:oai:hw.oeaw.ac.at:0x003c53d3","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hw.oeaw.ac.at/?arp=8885-8inhalt/MOeGG162_065-090_Goeler_Doka.pdf","pdf_url":"http://hw.oeaw.ac.at/?arp=8885-8inhalt/MOeGG162_065-090_Goeler_Doka.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400824","display_name":"Austrian Biographical Dictionary (Austrian Academy of Sciences)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138211613","host_organization_name":"Austrian Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138211613"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://hw.oeaw.ac.at/moegg162","raw_type":"journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1553/moegg162s65","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1553/moegg162s65","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1553/moegg162s65","pdf_url":"https://austriaca.at/0xc1aa5576_0x003c53d3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26427988","display_name":"Mitteilungen der \u00d6sterreichischen Geographischen Gesellschaft","issn_l":"0029-9138","issn":["0029-9138","2708-0307"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317868","host_organization_name":"\u00d6sterreichische Geographische Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317868"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["\u00d6sterreichische Geographische Gesellschaft"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mitteilungen der \u00d6sterreichischen Geographischen Gesellschaft","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3145905029.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3145905029.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1990480191","https://openalex.org/W2029935015","https://openalex.org/W2042242308","https://openalex.org/W2046339633","https://openalex.org/W2054907036","https://openalex.org/W2059986725","https://openalex.org/W2081288580","https://openalex.org/W2087290024","https://openalex.org/W2156689327","https://openalex.org/W2158321817","https://openalex.org/W2163406923","https://openalex.org/W2212891289","https://openalex.org/W2254652828","https://openalex.org/W2283694867","https://openalex.org/W2338905226","https://openalex.org/W2477465903","https://openalex.org/W2561596189","https://openalex.org/W2567127049","https://openalex.org/W2586881723","https://openalex.org/W2593737156","https://openalex.org/W2795104107","https://openalex.org/W2889057677","https://openalex.org/W2904336269","https://openalex.org/W2980994355","https://openalex.org/W2984537116","https://openalex.org/W2990763078","https://openalex.org/W2996312658","https://openalex.org/W3001346168","https://openalex.org/W3011658519","https://openalex.org/W3214374617","https://openalex.org/W4237112904","https://openalex.org/W4239341904","https://openalex.org/W4245915238","https://openalex.org/W4256347694"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2949595001","https://openalex.org/W7048851006","https://openalex.org/W7052962466","https://openalex.org/W7125488923","https://openalex.org/W2461843953","https://openalex.org/W3193352244","https://openalex.org/W6992817529","https://openalex.org/W4391029832","https://openalex.org/W4399647473","https://openalex.org/W7055254871"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Tirana,":[0],"the":[1,10,28,49,62,94,99,104,136,143,148,151,161,169,209,221,225,233,247,250,273,301,311,314,319],"Albanian":[2,58,156],"capital,":[3],"started":[4],"its":[5,31],"urban":[6,25,46,88,211,241],"transition":[7],"processes":[8],"after":[9],"fall":[11],"of":[12,55,87,98,106,117,125,155,166,208,267,282,300,313,321],"communism":[13],"in":[14,27,61,199,256,260],"a":[15,41,44,52,176,265,277,305],"rather":[16,295],"small-scale":[17],"and":[18,71,108,114,150,164,230,243,263,317,323],"mostly":[19],"informal":[20],"manner.":[21],"Three":[22],"decades":[23],"later,":[24],"development":[26,242],"metropolis":[29],"with":[30,264,290],"tripled":[32],"population":[33],"has":[34],"generally":[35],"formalised.":[36],"The":[37,91,178],"built":[38],"fabric":[39],"experienced":[40],"metamorphosis":[42],"into":[43],"globalised":[45,118],"structure.":[47],"During":[48],"last":[50],"years,":[51],"certain":[53],"number":[54],"megaprojects":[56],"(in":[57],"terms)":[59],"arose":[60],"city,":[63],"such":[64,159,219],"as":[65,101,103,175,215,276,325],"mixed-use":[66],"skyscrapers,":[67],"high-rise":[68],"apartment":[69],"buildings":[70],"big":[72],"shopping":[73],"malls":[74],"or":[75],"other":[76],"commercial":[77],"buildings.":[78],"In":[79,140,158,218],"this":[80,269],"context,":[81],"three":[82],"topics":[83],"seem":[84,181],"to":[85,182,186,235],"be":[86,183,253,287],"geographic":[89],"interest.":[90],"first":[92],"is":[93,128,145,196,203,270],"overwhelming":[95],"scalar":[96],"dimension":[97],"projects":[100],"well":[102],"randomness":[105],"function":[107],"design.":[109],"Tirana\u2019s":[110],"skyline":[111],"shows":[112],"more":[113,115],"elements":[116],"structures,":[119],"but":[120,245,294],"from":[121],"an":[122,280,297],"organisational":[123],"point":[124],"view":[126],"there":[127,195],"no":[129,197],"corresponding":[130],"functional":[131],"internationalisation,":[132],"for":[133,228,272],"example,":[134],"via":[135],"global":[137],"financial":[138],"market.":[139],"fact,":[141],"quite":[142],"opposite":[144],"true:":[146],"both":[147],"investors":[149],"capital":[152],"are":[153,191,213],"mainly":[154],"origin.":[157],"contexts,":[160],"powerful":[162],"role":[163],"position":[165],"national":[167],"elites,":[168],"second":[170],"topic,":[171],"may":[172],"not":[173],"come":[174],"surprise.":[177],"key":[179],"players":[180],"very":[184],"close":[185],"politics;":[187],"sometimes":[188],"political":[189],"representatives":[190],"actively":[192],"involved.":[193],"Overall,":[194],"transparency":[198],"decision-making.":[200],"Finally,":[201],"it":[202],"highly":[204],"problematic":[205],"that":[206,284],"some":[207],"large":[210],"developments":[212],"organised":[214],"public-private":[216],"partnerships.":[217],"cases,":[220],"public":[222],"sector":[223],"provides":[224],"property,":[226],"applies":[227],"approval":[229],"then":[231],"transfers":[232],"responsibility":[234],"private":[236],"developers.":[237],"This":[238],"model":[239],"fosters":[240],"renewal,":[244],"at":[246],"same":[248],"time,":[249],"profits":[251],"will":[252],"privatised.":[254],"All":[255],"all,":[257],"we":[258],"note":[259],"Tirana":[261],"\u2013":[262,279],"grain":[266],"salt":[268],"true":[271],"ex-socialist":[274],"period":[275],"whole":[278],"urbanism":[281],"exception":[283],"can":[285],"only":[286],"partially":[288],"explained":[289],"common":[291],"theoretical":[292],"approaches,":[293],"requires":[296],"appropriate":[298],"consideration":[299],"evolutionary":[302],"background,":[303],"thus":[304],"relational":[306],"perspective.":[307],"We":[308],"take":[309],"up":[310],"concept":[312],"\u201cordinary":[315],"city\u201d":[316],"discuss":[318],"scope":[320],"socialism":[322],"post-socialism":[324],"explanatory":[326],"concepts.":[327]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2021-04-13T00:00:00"}