{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3145679151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2021.101993","title":"Porosity in wire arc additive manufacturing of aluminium alloys","display_name":"Porosity in wire arc additive manufacturing of aluminium alloys","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3145679151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2021.101993","mag":"3145679151"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.addma.2021.101993","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2021.101993","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2021.101993","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214860421001585/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764842179","display_name":"Additive manufacturing","issn_l":"2214-7810","issn":["2214-7810","2214-8604"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Additive Manufacturing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214860421001585/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072259009","display_name":"Tobias Hauser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3403-5602","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3403-5602"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1325886976","display_name":"Siemens (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/059mq0909","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190632392","display_name":"Lule\u00e5 University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016st3p78","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}],"countries":["DE","SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tobias Hauser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Lule\u00e5 University of Technology, S-971 87 Lule\u00e5, Sweden","Technology department, Siemens AG, D-81739 Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Lule\u00e5 University of Technology, S-971 87 Lule\u00e5, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technology department, Siemens AG, D-81739 Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020059878","display_name":"Raven T. Reisch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0602-1705","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0602-1705"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1325886976","display_name":"Siemens (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/059mq0909","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raven T. Reisch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of Robotics, Artificial Intelligence and Real-time Systems, Technical University of Munich, D-80333 Munich, Germany","Technology department, Siemens AG, D-81739 Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Robotics, Artificial Intelligence and Real-time Systems, Technical University of Munich, D-80333 Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technology department, Siemens AG, D-81739 Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059868284","display_name":"Philipp Peter Breese","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9205-0053","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9205-0053"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1325886976","display_name":"Siemens (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/059mq0909","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philipp P. Breese","raw_affiliation_strings":["Coating Technology, Technical University Berlin, Pascalstr. 8\u20139, D-10587 Berlin, Germany","Technology department, Siemens AG, D-81739 Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Coating Technology, Technical University Berlin, Pascalstr. 8\u20139, D-10587 Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technology department, Siemens AG, D-81739 Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033433424","display_name":"Benjamin Lutz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4319-4701","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4319-4701"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1325886976","display_name":"Siemens (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/059mq0909","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin S. Lutz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technology department, Siemens AG, D-81739 Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technology department, Siemens AG, D-81739 Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030822076","display_name":"Matteo Pantano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5420-0038","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5420-0038"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1325886976","display_name":"Siemens (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/059mq0909","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matteo Pantano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technology department, Siemens AG, D-81739 Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technology department, Siemens AG, D-81739 Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022227793","display_name":"Yogesh Nalam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1993-8459","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1993-8459"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1325886976","display_name":"Siemens (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/059mq0909","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yogesh Nalam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technology department, Siemens AG, D-81739 Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technology department, Siemens AG, D-81739 Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061692443","display_name":"Katharina Bela","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1325886976","display_name":"Siemens (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/059mq0909","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katharina Bela","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technology department, Siemens AG, D-81739 Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technology department, Siemens AG, D-81739 Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085229340","display_name":"Tobias Kamps","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1325886976","display_name":"Siemens (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/059mq0909","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tobias Kamps","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technology department, Siemens AG, D-81739 Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technology department, Siemens AG, D-81739 Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048491579","display_name":"Joerg Volpp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0194-9018","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0194-9018"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190632392","display_name":"Lule\u00e5 University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016st3p78","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joerg Volpp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Lule\u00e5 University of Technology, S-971 87 Lule\u00e5, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Lule\u00e5 University of Technology, S-971 87 Lule\u00e5, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066951288","display_name":"Alexander  F.H. Kaplan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3569-6795","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3569-6795"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190632392","display_name":"Lule\u00e5 University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016st3p78","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander F.H. Kaplan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Lule\u00e5 University of Technology, S-971 87 Lule\u00e5, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Lule\u00e5 University of Technology, S-971 87 Lule\u00e5, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072259009"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976","https://openalex.org/I190632392"],"apc_list":{"value":2550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2550},"apc_paid":{"value":2550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2550},"fwci":12.7827,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":204,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99633503,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":null,"first_page":"101993","last_page":"101993"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10705","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10705","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10834","display_name":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10783","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wire-and-arc-additive-manufacturing","display_name":"wire arc additive manufacturing","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aluminum-alloys","display_name":"aluminum alloys","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/porosity","display_name":"porosity","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gas-inclusions","display_name":"gas inclusions","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shielding-gas-flow-rate","display_name":"shielding gas flow rate","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/melt-pool-solidification","display_name":"melt pool solidification","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convective-cooling","display_name":"convective cooling","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-monitoring","display_name":"process monitoring","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-fluid-dynamics","display_name":"computational fluid dynamics","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/near-net-shape-manufacturing","display_name":"near-net-shape manufacturing","score":0.6639999747276306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.8484334945678711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6648577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622669","display_name":"Porosity","level":2,"score":0.8411352634429932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513153333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663","display_name":"Aluminium","level":2,"score":0.7689404487609863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83415579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161973","display_name":"Arc (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5244643688201904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.5036813616752625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10899652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160329","display_name":"Convection","level":2,"score":0.4833097457885742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172120300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134348","display_name":"Volumetric flow rate","level":2,"score":0.47741901874542236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.43937450647354126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177250429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q491699","display_name":"Shielding gas","level":4,"score":0.42783883213996887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.22632557153701782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146868986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2137729","display_name":"Heat-affected zone","level":3,"score":0.18350759148597717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.17325103282928467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87976508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498213","display_name":"Microstructure","level":2,"score":0.12489888072013855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.addma.2021.101993","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2021.101993","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2021.101993","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214860421001585/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764842179","display_name":"Additive manufacturing","issn_l":"2214-7810","issn":["2214-7810","2214-8604"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Additive Manufacturing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mediatum.ub.tum.de:node/1616358","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/1616358","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196330","display_name":"mediaTUM  (Technical University of Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Munich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mediatum.ub.tum.de:node/1631213","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/1631213","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196330","display_name":"mediaTUM  (Technical University of Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Munich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.addma.2021.101993","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2021.101993","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2021.101993","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214860421001585/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764842179","display_name":"Additive manufacturing","issn_l":"2214-7810","issn":["2214-7810","2214-8604"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Additive Manufacturing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4944076909","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18079","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338454","funder_display_name":"EIT RawMaterials"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320324","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337669","display_name":"H2020 European Institute of Innovation and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/036dxts37"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338454","display_name":"EIT RawMaterials","ror":"https://ror.org/03g5mew86"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3145679151.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3145679151.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970866274","https://openalex.org/W1993982126","https://openalex.org/W1997506766","https://openalex.org/W2009949782","https://openalex.org/W2058491844","https://openalex.org/W2084064963","https://openalex.org/W2176300424","https://openalex.org/W2460080070","https://openalex.org/W2564314706","https://openalex.org/W2588002687","https://openalex.org/W2725631065","https://openalex.org/W2751014116","https://openalex.org/W2762367303","https://openalex.org/W2788311125","https://openalex.org/W2791575304","https://openalex.org/W2793321472","https://openalex.org/W2797364370","https://openalex.org/W2886274980","https://openalex.org/W2898540017","https://openalex.org/W2911162984","https://openalex.org/W2915105540","https://openalex.org/W2930365861","https://openalex.org/W2944984991","https://openalex.org/W2946987235","https://openalex.org/W2947220970","https://openalex.org/W2954195412","https://openalex.org/W2966550584","https://openalex.org/W2973137511","https://openalex.org/W2983175956","https://openalex.org/W3034250375","https://openalex.org/W3100793743","https://openalex.org/W6763143495"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4411311561","https://openalex.org/W4205258614","https://openalex.org/W4411968686","https://openalex.org/W4411170135","https://openalex.org/W3112213253","https://openalex.org/W6946148828","https://openalex.org/W2588002687","https://openalex.org/W4404374744","https://openalex.org/W2884027284","https://openalex.org/W7127999316"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wire":[0,23,42,160],"Arc":[1,24,43,161],"Additive":[2,25,44,162],"Manufacturing":[3,26,45],"is":[4,27,120,203],"a":[5,51,165,181,189,200],"near-net-shape":[6],"processing":[7],"technology":[8],"which":[9,144],"allows":[10],"cost-effective":[11],"manufacturing":[12],"of":[13,20,33,46,81,97,113],"large":[14],"and":[15,50,192],"customized":[16],"metal":[17],"parts.":[18],"Processing":[19],"aluminium":[21,72,156],"in":[22,31,41,71,132,155],"quite":[28],"challenging,":[29],"especially":[30],"terms":[32],"porosity.":[34,195],"In":[35],"the":[36,63,69,78,82,95,105,111,130,133,147,153,175],"present":[37],"work,":[38],"pore":[39],"behaviour":[40],"AW4043/AlSi5(wt%)":[47],"was":[48,55],"investigated":[49],"post-process":[52],"monitoring":[53,201],"approach":[54,202],"developed.":[56],"It":[57],"has":[58],"been":[59],"observed":[60],"that":[61,146],"as":[62],"shielding":[64],"gas":[65,98,101,148,167],"flow":[66,149,168],"rate":[67,91,150,169],"increases,":[68],"porosity":[70,131,154],"parts":[73,157],"also":[74],"increases":[75],"due":[76],"to":[77,93,122,126,171,186],"rapid":[79],"solidification":[80],"melt":[83,106,176],"pool":[84,107,177],"by":[85,139,159],"forced":[86],"convection.":[87],"The":[88,135],"higher":[89],"convection":[90],"seems":[92],"limit":[94],"escape":[96,187],"inclusions.":[99],"Furthermore,":[100],"inclusions":[102],"escaping":[103],"from":[104],"leave":[108],"cavities":[109,125],"on":[110,197],"surface":[112],"each":[114],"deposited":[115],"layer.":[116],"Process":[117],"camera":[118],"imaging":[119],"used":[121],"monitor":[123],"these":[124,198],"acquire":[127],"information":[128],"about":[129],"part.":[134],"observations":[136],"were":[137],"supported":[138],"Computational":[140],"Fluid":[141],"Dynamics":[142],"simulations":[143],"show":[145],"correlates":[151],"with":[152],"manufactured":[158],"Manufacturing.":[163],"Since":[164],"lower":[166],"leads":[170],"reduced":[172],"convective":[173],"cooling,":[174],"remains":[178],"liquid":[179],"for":[180,188],"longer":[182,190],"period":[183,191],"allowing":[184],"pores":[185],"thus":[193],"reducing":[194],"Based":[196],"investigations,":[199],"presented.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":58},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":56},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2021-04-13T00:00:00"}