{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3145542382","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j059578","title":"When Are Allowables Conservative?","display_name":"When Are Allowables Conservative?","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3145542382","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j059578","mag":"3145542382"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2514/1.j059578","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j059578","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j059578","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S53336109","display_name":"AIAA Journal","issn_l":"0001-1452","issn":["0001-1452","1081-0102","1533-385X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315709","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315709"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AIAA Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034717631","display_name":"Zachary del Rosario","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4676-1692","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4676-1692"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137428128","display_name":"Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/000zamq06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137428128"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zachary del Rosario","raw_affiliation_strings":["Olin College, Needham, Massachusetts 02492"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Olin College, Needham, Massachusetts 02492","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137428128"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036891059","display_name":"Richard W. Fenrich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2517-6947","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2517-6947"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard W. Fenrich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arevo, Inc., Milpitas, California 95035"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arevo, Inc., Milpitas, California 95035","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047377841","display_name":"Gianluca Iaccarino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3659-7745","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3659-7745"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gianluca Iaccarino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3005,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.831043,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"5","first_page":"1760","last_page":"1772"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10928","display_name":"Probabilistic and Robust Engineering Design","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10928","display_name":"Probabilistic and Robust Engineering Design","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10780","display_name":"Reliability and Maintenance Optimization","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12086","display_name":"Structural Integrity and Reliability Analysis","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-allowables","display_name":"design allowables","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conservatism","display_name":"conservatism","score":0.40400001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-analysis","display_name":"reliability analysis","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manufacturing-variability","display_name":"manufacturing variability","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-failure-probability","display_name":"structural failure probability","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aircraft-structural-design","display_name":"aircraft structural design","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonnormal-distributions","display_name":"non-normal distributions","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-laminates","display_name":"composite laminates","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-structures","display_name":"aerospace structures","score":0.3700000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132010649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189222","display_name":"Intuition","level":2,"score":0.5980075597763062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167740415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2876213","display_name":"Aerospace","level":2,"score":0.5708869695663452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118671147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578714","display_name":"Quantile","level":2,"score":0.5577794313430786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5221310257911682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5220365524291992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.5043162107467651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987092418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62517323","display_name":"Structural reliability","level":3,"score":0.45419010519981384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993051997","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1309431","display_name":"Structural failure","level":2,"score":0.44621002674102783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3444008231163025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2847272753715515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2646244168281555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.26195162534713745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.19256681203842163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.08484447002410889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2514/1.j059578","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j059578","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j059578","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S53336109","display_name":"AIAA Journal","issn_l":"0001-1452","issn":["0001-1452","1081-0102","1533-385X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315709","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315709"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AIAA Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W232805744","https://openalex.org/W1484664922","https://openalex.org/W1534638135","https://openalex.org/W1540920731","https://openalex.org/W1587952024","https://openalex.org/W1971974144","https://openalex.org/W1995945562","https://openalex.org/W2003117896","https://openalex.org/W2062675504","https://openalex.org/W2086643378","https://openalex.org/W2116672590","https://openalex.org/W2151306103","https://openalex.org/W2189440631","https://openalex.org/W2247529783","https://openalex.org/W2294622087","https://openalex.org/W2319843510","https://openalex.org/W2325900539","https://openalex.org/W2536705160","https://openalex.org/W2906481373","https://openalex.org/W2937956147","https://openalex.org/W2963218015","https://openalex.org/W2969788735","https://openalex.org/W3045639857","https://openalex.org/W3086242280","https://openalex.org/W4255486735"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2997787764","https://openalex.org/W2324565883","https://openalex.org/W2157524757","https://openalex.org/W7001081058","https://openalex.org/W1504992135","https://openalex.org/W2320341185","https://openalex.org/W3185822948","https://openalex.org/W2328068904","https://openalex.org/W2403162762","https://openalex.org/W267730373"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Aircraft":[0],"designers":[1],"are":[2,44,75,115],"legally":[3],"required":[4],"to":[5,11,19,47,129],"treat":[6],"manufacturing":[7],"variability":[8],"so":[9],"as":[10,51,102],"minimize":[12],"the":[13,34,37,49,59],"probability":[14],"of":[15,21,39,61,119,140],"structural":[16,84,88,142],"failure,":[17],"pursuant":[18],"Code":[20],"Federal":[22],"Regulations":[23],"(CFR)":[24],"25.613.":[25],"The":[26],"usual":[27],"design":[28],"strategy":[29],"employed":[30],"for":[31,78,112],"compliance":[32],"with":[33],"regulations":[35,50],"is":[36],"use":[38,60,136],"allowable":[40],"values.":[41],"However,":[42],"allowables":[43,62,74,114],"not":[45],"guaranteed":[46],"satisfy":[48],"written.":[52],"In":[53],"this":[54],"work,":[55],"we":[56],"thoroughly":[57],"investigate":[58],"via":[63],"a":[64,116,120,138],"formal":[65],"reliability":[66,122],"analysis":[67,85,109,131,143],"using":[68],"quantile":[69],"evaluation.":[70],"We":[71,124],"find":[72],"that":[73],"provably":[76],"conservative":[77,117],"simple":[79],"settings":[80],"but":[81],"admit":[82],"anticonservative":[83],"under":[86],"nonmonotone":[87],"response,":[89],"strongly":[90],"nonnormal":[91],"distributions,":[92],"correlated":[93],"material":[94,98],"properties,":[95],"and":[96,133],"high-dimensional":[97],"property":[99],"spaces":[100],"such":[101],"those":[103],"arising":[104],"in":[105],"laminate":[106],"composites.":[107],"This":[108],"develops":[110],"intuition":[111],"when":[113],"approximation":[118],"true":[121],"analysis.":[123],"introduce":[125],"an":[126],"inexpensive":[127],"procedure":[128],"detect":[130],"pathologies":[132],"illustrate":[134],"its":[135],"on":[137],"set":[139],"aerospace-relevant":[141],"problems.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2021-04-13T00:00:00"}
