{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3145463162","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202100640","title":"Artificial Neuron and Synapse Devices Based on 2D Materials","display_name":"Artificial Neuron and Synapse Devices Based on 2D Materials","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3145463162","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202100640","mag":"3145463162","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33817985"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/smll.202100640","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202100640","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202100640","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S94619837","display_name":"Small","issn_l":"1613-6810","issn":["1613-6810","1613-6829"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Small","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041966045","display_name":"Geonyeop Lee","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405269631","display_name":"Institute of Engineering Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04scsat82","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405269631"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geonyeop Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Korea","Department of Material Science and Engineering Seoul National University  Seoul 08826 Korea","Institute of Applied Physics Seoul National University  Seoul 08826 Korea","Institute of Engineering Research Seoul National University  Seoul 08826 Korea","Research Institute of Advanced Materials Seoul National University  Seoul 08826 Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Material Science and Engineering Seoul National University  Seoul 08826 Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Applied Physics Seoul National University  Seoul 08826 Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Engineering Research Seoul National University  Seoul 08826 Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467","https://openalex.org/I4405269631"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Advanced Materials Seoul National University  Seoul 08826 Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046847089","display_name":"Ji\u2010Hwan Baek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0126-0096","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0126-0096"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ji\u2010Hwan Baek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Material Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Material Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100641969","display_name":"Fan Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9234-019X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9234-019X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085381025","display_name":"S. J. Pearton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6498-1256","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6498-1256"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stephen J. Pearton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611 USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6498-1256","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001091970","display_name":"Gwan\u2010Hyoung Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3028-867X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3028-867X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405269631","display_name":"Institute of Engineering Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04scsat82","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405269631"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gwan\u2010Hyoung Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Korea University  Seoul 02841 Korea","Department of Material Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Korea","Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Korea","Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Korea","Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Korea University  Seoul 02841 Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Material Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467","https://openalex.org/I4405269631"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100462779","display_name":"Jihyun Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5634-8394","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5634-8394","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5119-6627"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jihyun Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001091970","https://openalex.org/A5085381025","https://openalex.org/A5100462779"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467","https://openalex.org/I197347611","https://openalex.org/I33213144","https://openalex.org/I4405269631"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5000},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8558,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":196,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85651019,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"20","first_page":"e2100640","last_page":"e2100640"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10275","display_name":"2D Materials and Applications","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/2d-materials","display_name":"two-dimensional materials","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-synapses","display_name":"artificial synapses","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neurons","display_name":"artificial neurons","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromorphic-computing","display_name":"neuromorphic computing","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synaptic-plasticity","display_name":"synaptic plasticity","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-rules","display_name":"learning rules","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spiking-neural-networks","display_name":"spiking neural networks","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refractory-period","display_name":"refractory period","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dangling-bonds","display_name":"dangling bonds","score":0.4059999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-defects","display_name":"surface defects","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromorphic-hardware","display_name":"neuromorphic hardware","score":0.7020000219345093}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151927369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981312","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","level":3,"score":0.978421688079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6569035053253174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6053013205528259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776990819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177058","display_name":"Artificial neuron","level":3,"score":0.5890031456947327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127445978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187181","display_name":"Synapse","level":2,"score":0.5842132568359375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4950796663761139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11731999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9067355","display_name":"Spiking neural network","level":3,"score":0.46218690276145935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.42904525995254517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.38733136653900146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.3633089065551758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.33018410205841064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.09032955765724182}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D009473","descriptor_name":"Neuronal Plasticity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013569","descriptor_name":"Synapses","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/smll.202100640","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202100640","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202100640","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S94619837","display_name":"Small","issn_l":"1613-6810","issn":["1613-6810","1613-6829"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Small","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33817985","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33817985","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7878941583","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020M3H4A3081799","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7998113783","display_name":"Impact Ionization Coefficients in Ga2O3","funder_award_id":"1856662","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":129,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W25946478","https://openalex.org/W274985342","https://openalex.org/W1483023472","https://openalex.org/W1489333352","https://openalex.org/W1950329711","https://openalex.org/W1964773927","https://openalex.org/W1965770653","https://openalex.org/W1975727393","https://openalex.org/W1977042446","https://openalex.org/W1980284953","https://openalex.org/W1980626045","https://openalex.org/W1982449228","https://openalex.org/W1985940938","https://openalex.org/W1987759131","https://openalex.org/W1988878611","https://openalex.org/W1990038565","https://openalex.org/W1990404128","https://openalex.org/W1995363833","https://openalex.org/W1996388323","https://openalex.org/W2013055927","https://openalex.org/W2018774711","https://openalex.org/W2021841923","https://openalex.org/W2030671441","https://openalex.org/W2032959979","https://openalex.org/W2044220208","https://openalex.org/W2044683682","https://openalex.org/W2053828888","https://openalex.org/W2059148040","https://openalex.org/W2066091405","https://openalex.org/W2068003268","https://openalex.org/W2069233440","https://openalex.org/W2071007053","https://openalex.org/W2071947829","https://openalex.org/W2076964542","https://openalex.org/W2083407323","https://openalex.org/W2097574751","https://openalex.org/W2107433900","https://openalex.org/W2108256115","https://openalex.org/W2112181056","https://openalex.org/W2117422822","https://openalex.org/W2127351808","https://openalex.org/W2146014696","https://openalex.org/W2156640153","https://openalex.org/W2163630896","https://openalex.org/W2164653071","https://openalex.org/W2274495434","https://openalex.org/W2297935502","https://openalex.org/W2334364695","https://openalex.org/W2342915937","https://openalex.org/W2389556795","https://openalex.org/W2438293582","https://openalex.org/W2467019731","https://openalex.org/W2475096219","https://openalex.org/W2515223004","https://openalex.org/W2525729022","https://openalex.org/W2583873740","https://openalex.org/W2602124976","https://openalex.org/W2604443664","https://openalex.org/W2611430239","https://openalex.org/W2761987713","https://openalex.org/W2762027359","https://openalex.org/W2771420577","https://openalex.org/W2773093382","https://openalex.org/W2774297425","https://openalex.org/W2775641544","https://openalex.org/W2781720065","https://openalex.org/W2783525259","https://openalex.org/W2789137959","https://openalex.org/W2796233177","https://openalex.org/W2802755967","https://openalex.org/W2806068823","https://openalex.org/W2886502897","https://openalex.org/W2887793621","https://openalex.org/W2896759426","https://openalex.org/W2902484723","https://openalex.org/W2903006652","https://openalex.org/W2903343625","https://openalex.org/W2904631917","https://openalex.org/W2907535705","https://openalex.org/W2908202869","https://openalex.org/W2908897926","https://openalex.org/W2911559880","https://openalex.org/W2912035255","https://openalex.org/W2922416786","https://openalex.org/W2924677466","https://openalex.org/W2933153195","https://openalex.org/W2941389263","https://openalex.org/W2942216650","https://openalex.org/W2942736824","https://openalex.org/W2946398297","https://openalex.org/W2963572698","https://openalex.org/W2963972476","https://openalex.org/W2963995352","https://openalex.org/W2969923762","https://openalex.org/W2976743137","https://openalex.org/W2979576473","https://openalex.org/W2982551353","https://openalex.org/W2992473370","https://openalex.org/W3005262166","https://openalex.org/W3007324581","https://openalex.org/W3009069849","https://openalex.org/W3009377984","https://openalex.org/W3010111693","https://openalex.org/W3010339880","https://openalex.org/W3013626656","https://openalex.org/W3016579596","https://openalex.org/W3017133479","https://openalex.org/W3017253501","https://openalex.org/W3019170257","https://openalex.org/W3046132178","https://openalex.org/W3088347860","https://openalex.org/W3091435831","https://openalex.org/W3096358836","https://openalex.org/W3098785824","https://openalex.org/W3102053113","https://openalex.org/W3102704444","https://openalex.org/W3111507861","https://openalex.org/W4238614602","https://openalex.org/W4247763225","https://openalex.org/W4249113602","https://openalex.org/W4249338733","https://openalex.org/W4249421421","https://openalex.org/W6600002382","https://openalex.org/W6600020652","https://openalex.org/W6600125713","https://openalex.org/W6600376255","https://openalex.org/W6603292657","https://openalex.org/W6832727563","https://openalex.org/W6832847501"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3168774462","https://openalex.org/W4409106929","https://openalex.org/W4321021235","https://openalex.org/W2912685716","https://openalex.org/W7144278068","https://openalex.org/W3091827636","https://openalex.org/W3197085236","https://openalex.org/W3165316665","https://openalex.org/W4320001648","https://openalex.org/W3125483534"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Neuromorphic":[0],"systems,":[1],"which":[2,86],"emulate":[3,122],"neural":[4,45,170],"functionalities":[5,56],"of":[6,21,47,64,118,129,146,155,177,191],"a":[7,168],"human":[8],"brain,":[9],"are":[10,33,57,172,196],"considered":[11],"to":[12,60,121,166,182],"be":[13],"an":[14,127],"attractive":[15],"next-generation":[16],"computing":[17,27,100],"approach,":[18],"with":[19],"advantages":[20],"high":[22],"energy":[23],"efficiency":[24],"and":[25,41,50,76,90,113,116,153,163,174,189],"fast":[26],"speed.":[28],"After":[29],"these":[30,141],"neuromorphic":[31,55,68,99,194],"systems":[32],"proposed,":[34],"it":[35],"is":[36,107,137,184],"demonstrated":[37],"that":[38],"artificial":[39,119,147,156,180],"synapses":[40,49,120],"neurons":[42,157,181],"can":[43],"mimic":[44],"functions":[46],"biological":[48,123],"neurons.":[51],"However,":[52],"since":[53],"the":[54,61,103,150,160,175],"highly":[58],"related":[59],"surface":[62],"properties":[63],"materials,":[65],"bulk":[66],"material-based":[67],"devices":[69,136,195],"suffer":[70],"from":[71],"uncontrollable":[72],"defects":[73],"at":[74],"surfaces":[75,89],"strong":[77],"scattering":[78],"caused":[79],"by":[80,139],"dangling":[81],"bonds.":[82],"Therefore,":[83],"2D":[84,133,178,192],"materials":[85],"have":[87,93],"dangling-bond-free":[88],"excellent":[91],"crystallinity":[92],"emerged":[94],"as":[95,110,159],"promising":[96],"candidates":[97],"for":[98],"hardware.":[101],"First,":[102],"fundamental":[104],"synaptic":[105,111,135],"behavior":[106,152],"reviewed,":[108],"such":[109,158],"plasticity":[112],"learning":[114],"rule,":[115],"requirements":[117,154],"synapses.":[124,148],"In":[125],"addition,":[126],"overview":[128],"recent":[130],"advances":[131],"on":[132],"materials-based":[134,179,193],"summarized":[138],"categorizing":[140],"into":[142],"various":[143],"working":[144],"principles":[145],"Second,":[149],"compulsory":[151],"all-or-nothing":[161],"law":[162],"refractory":[164],"periods":[165],"simulate":[167],"spike":[169],"network":[171],"described,":[173],"implementation":[176],"date":[183],"reviewed.":[185],"Finally,":[186],"future":[187],"challenges":[188],"outlooks":[190],"discussed.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":58},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2021-04-13T00:00:00"}