{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3144880691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-021-02730-3","title":"Group 14 Metallafluorenes as Sensitive Luminescent Probes of Surfactants in Aqueous Solution","display_name":"Group 14 Metallafluorenes as Sensitive Luminescent Probes of Surfactants in Aqueous Solution","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3144880691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-021-02730-3","mag":"3144880691","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33821437"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10895-021-02730-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-021-02730-3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-021-02730-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98273654","display_name":"Journal of Fluorescence","issn_l":"1053-0509","issn":["1053-0509","1573-4994"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Fluorescence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-260292/latest.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084412347","display_name":"Helena J. Spikes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7050-0033","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7050-0033"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I208333798","display_name":"University of Missouri\u2013St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/037cnag11","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I208333798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Helena J. Spikes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Missouri St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Missouri St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I208333798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018868263","display_name":"Shelby J. Jarrett-Noland","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I208333798","display_name":"University of Missouri\u2013St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/037cnag11","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I208333798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shelby J. Jarrett-Noland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Missouri St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Missouri St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I208333798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005609713","display_name":"Stephan M. Germann","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I208333798","display_name":"University of Missouri\u2013St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/037cnag11","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I208333798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephan M. Germann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Missouri St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Missouri St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I208333798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005804367","display_name":"Janet Braddock\u2010Wilking","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I208333798","display_name":"University of Missouri\u2013St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/037cnag11","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I208333798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Janet Braddock-Wilking","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Missouri St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Missouri St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I208333798"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020906490","display_name":"Cynthia M. Dupureur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7006-3352","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7006-3352"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I208333798","display_name":"University of Missouri\u2013St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/037cnag11","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I208333798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cynthia M. Dupureur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Missouri St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA. cdup@umsl.edu","Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Missouri St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7006-3352","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Missouri St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA. cdup@umsl.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I208333798"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Missouri St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I208333798"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020906490"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I208333798"],"apc_list":{"value":3860,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3860},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4312,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.47435793,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"4","first_page":"961","last_page":"969"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11240","display_name":"Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials","score":0.7480000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11240","display_name":"Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials","score":0.7480000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10532","display_name":"Molecular Sensors and Ion Detection","score":0.1071000024676323,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11441","display_name":"Organoboron and organosilicon chemistry","score":0.03189999982714653,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silafluorene","display_name":"silafluorene","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/luminescent-probes","display_name":"luminescent probes","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surfactant-detection","display_name":"surfactant detection","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aqueous-solutions","display_name":"aqueous solutions","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triton-x-100","display_name":"Triton X-100","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cetyltrimethylammonium-bromide","display_name":"cetyltrimethylammonium bromide","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anionic-surfactants","display_name":"anionic surfactants","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emission-enhancement","display_name":"emission enhancement","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-yield","display_name":"quantum yield","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anisotropy","display_name":"anisotropy","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surfactant-self-assembly","display_name":"surfactant self-assembly","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrophobicity","display_name":"hydrophobicity","score":0.5659999847412109}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.9535917639732361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184651966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q906356","display_name":"Aqueous solution","level":2,"score":0.817418098449707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778689049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898422","display_name":"Substituent","level":2,"score":0.7148346900939941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780591471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410915","display_name":"Biphenyl","level":2,"score":0.5308253169059753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781076698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718074","display_name":"Aryl","level":3,"score":0.5080153942108154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148869448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184240","display_name":"Luminescence","level":2,"score":0.4821628928184509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75473681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188651","display_name":"Photochemistry","level":1,"score":0.42807137966156006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71240020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186011","display_name":"Stereochemistry","level":1,"score":0.24562782049179077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.23364046216011047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780263894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q335268","display_name":"Alkyl","level":2,"score":0.14855781197547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10895-021-02730-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-021-02730-3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-021-02730-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98273654","display_name":"Journal of Fluorescence","issn_l":"1053-0509","issn":["1053-0509","1573-4994"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Fluorescence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-260292/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-260292/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-260292/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-260292/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmid:33821437","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33821437","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of fluorescence","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-260292/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-260292/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-260292/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-260292/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3144880691.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3144880691.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965789997","https://openalex.org/W1981615802","https://openalex.org/W1984701286","https://openalex.org/W1990153416","https://openalex.org/W1994369868","https://openalex.org/W2005757429","https://openalex.org/W2018052813","https://openalex.org/W2029539234","https://openalex.org/W2070511522","https://openalex.org/W2071918883","https://openalex.org/W2079488111","https://openalex.org/W2083047919","https://openalex.org/W2119669629","https://openalex.org/W2148552313","https://openalex.org/W2204913191","https://openalex.org/W2318611443","https://openalex.org/W2341001648","https://openalex.org/W2562690471","https://openalex.org/W2568046654","https://openalex.org/W2599649240","https://openalex.org/W2600000186","https://openalex.org/W2601964456","https://openalex.org/W2903799697","https://openalex.org/W2971311915"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3182987988","https://openalex.org/W2019778725","https://openalex.org/W2157406206","https://openalex.org/W7039304785","https://openalex.org/W2027876132","https://openalex.org/W3047924324","https://openalex.org/W4415753124","https://openalex.org/W2506265325","https://openalex.org/W1973426389","https://openalex.org/W1972410508"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Sila-":[1],"and":[2,37,43,66,75,102,136,142,150,187,205,219,243,246,248],"germafluorenes":[3],"containing":[4],"alkynyl(aryl)":[5],"substituents":[6],"at":[7,98],"the":[8,32,41,51,77,110,114,126,146,183,200,209,225],"2,7-":[9,57,60,63,67],"position":[10],"are":[11,23,93,131,143,154,195,228],"strongly":[12],"emissive":[13],"with":[14,156,171,208,217,224],"high":[15,84],"quantum":[16,180,191],"yields":[17,162,181],"in":[18,26,40,72,76,95,104,125,163,175,182,199],"organic":[19],"solvents.":[20],"Provided":[21],"they":[22],"sufficiently":[24],"soluble":[25,94],"water,":[27],"their":[28,244],"hydrophobic":[29],"structures":[30],"have":[31,252],"potential":[33],"for":[34,145,241],"many":[35,172],"biological":[36,176,254],"industrial":[38],"applications":[39],"detection":[42],"characterization":[44],"of":[45,54,79,86,89,128,159,185,202],"lipophilic":[46],"structures.":[47],"To":[48],"that":[49,214],"end,":[50],"emission":[52,115,123],"behaviors":[53],"previously":[55],"synthesized":[56],"bis[alkynyl(biphenyl)]-9,9-diphenylsilafluorene":[58],"(1),":[59],"bis[alkynyl(methoxynaphthyl)]-9,9-diphenylgermafluorene":[61],"(2),":[62],"bis[alkynyl(p-tolyl)]-9,9-diphenylsilafluorene":[64],"(3),":[65],"bis[alkynyl(m-fluorophenyl)]-9,9-diphenylsilafluorene":[68],"(4)":[69],"were":[70],"characterized":[71],"aqueous":[73,96,107],"solution":[74,97],"presence":[78,127,184,201],"various":[80,129],"surfactants.":[81,160],"Despite":[82],"a":[83,105],"degree":[85],"hydrophobicity,":[87],"all":[88],"these":[90],"metallafluorenes":[91,238],"(MFs)":[92],"low":[99],"micromolar":[100],"concentrations":[101],"luminesce":[103],"common":[106,173],"buffer.":[108],"Further,":[109],"2,7":[111],"substituent":[112],"makes":[113],"behavior":[116],"tunable":[117],"(up":[118],"to":[119,168],"20":[120],"nm).":[121],"Fold":[122],"enhancements":[124,153],"surfactants":[130,148,227,242],"highest":[132],"toward":[133],"Triton":[134],"X-100":[135],"CTAB":[137,188],"(ranging":[138],"from":[139,166],"5\u201325":[140],"fold)":[141],"lowest":[144],"anionic":[147,226],"SDS":[149],"SDBS.":[151],"These":[152,235],"competitive":[155,170,239],"existing":[157],"probes":[158,240],"Quantum":[161],"buffer":[164],"range":[165],"0.11":[167],"0.34,":[169],"fluorophores":[174],"use.":[177],"Strikingly,":[178],"MF":[179,193],"TX-100":[186],"approach":[189],"100%":[190],"efficiency.":[192],"anisotropies":[194],"dramatically":[196],"increased":[197],"only":[198],"TX-100,":[203],"CTAB,":[204],"CHAPS.":[206],"Coupled":[207],"above":[210],"data,":[211],"this":[212],"suggests":[213],"MFs":[215,232],"associate":[216],"neutral":[218],"charged":[220],"surfactant":[221],"aggregates.":[222],"Interactions":[223],"weaker":[229],"and/or":[230],"leave":[231],"solvent":[233],"exposed.":[234],"properties":[236,245],"make":[237],"behaviors,":[247],"thus":[249],"could":[250],"also":[251],"important":[253],"applications.":[255]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2021-04-13T00:00:00"}