{"id":"https://openalex.org/W314305248","doi":null,"title":"Supportive and Suppressive Factors in the Improvement of Vocational Special Needs Education: A Case Study of Malaysia.","display_name":"Supportive and Suppressive Factors in the Improvement of Vocational Special Needs Education: A Case Study of Malaysia.","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W314305248","mag":"314305248"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:314305248","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED462575.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W314305248"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004696852","display_name":"Ramlee Mustapha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8425-8962","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8425-8962"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramlee Mustapha","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8425-8962","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034776933","display_name":"Manisah Mohd Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0059-9175","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0059-9175"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manisah Mohd Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0059-9175","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109461495","display_name":"Safani Bari","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Safani Bari","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066270614","display_name":"Salleh Amat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5687-3041","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5687-3041"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salleh Amat","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5687-3041","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11514","display_name":"Disability Education and Employment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11514","display_name":"Disability Education and Employment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13872","display_name":"Vocational and Entrepreneurial Education","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13532","display_name":"Education Systems and Policy","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocational-special-needs-education","display_name":"vocational special needs education","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/people-with-disabilities","display_name":"people with disabilities","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employment-of-people-with-disabilities","display_name":"employment of people with disabilities","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-placement","display_name":"job placement","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disability-employment-quotas","display_name":"disability employment quotas","score":0.46399998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inter-agency-cooperation","display_name":"inter-agency cooperation","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/career-guidance","display_name":"career guidance","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocational-teacher-training","display_name":"vocational teacher education","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disability-advocacy","display_name":"disability advocacy","score":0.5669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workplace-accessibility","display_name":"workplace accessibility","score":0.5239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-independence","display_name":"financial independence","score":0.5220000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malaysia","display_name":"Malaysia","score":0.7020000219345093}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.6049423813819885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C668760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6869278","display_name":"Vocational education","level":2,"score":0.565251886844635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778139618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13440398","display_name":"Workforce","level":2,"score":0.5476712584495544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28858896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212105","display_name":"Special education","level":2,"score":0.5201435685157776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776206778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7761689","display_name":"Special needs","level":2,"score":0.49787259101867676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.49176648259162903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154482161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2251268","display_name":"Mainstreaming","level":3,"score":0.46364250779151917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777617010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18957","display_name":"Mainstream","level":2,"score":0.45889735221862793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778038044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q543406","display_name":"Living wage","level":2,"score":0.4267319440841675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.37571609020233154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3665047287940979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.32544976472854614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3086625933647156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.2745766043663025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.22693783044815063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.11812296509742737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1052771508693695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:314305248","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED462575.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.9629999995231628},{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6164000034332275}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4313405147","https://openalex.org/W2983981463","https://openalex.org/W7095241334","https://openalex.org/W3175120769","https://openalex.org/W3048514506","https://openalex.org/W1915636875","https://openalex.org/W3014227795","https://openalex.org/W3153621932","https://openalex.org/W2799900545","https://openalex.org/W2949857878"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Minimal":[0],"number":[1],"of":[2,35,52,71,84,95,112,118,125,164,178,206,217,231,234,311],"disabled":[3,89,201,266],"being":[4],"employed":[5,157],"reflects":[6],"the":[7,10,18,33,60,67,81,88,110,116,123,135,162,170,176,200,203,210,215,232,238,265,303,309],"deficiency":[8],"in":[9,24,58,175,183,247,255,296,302,308],"system":[11],"whereby":[12],"no":[13],"specific":[14,36],"Act":[15,37],"that":[16,151,226],"mandates":[17],"employers":[19,40,229],"to":[20,38,43,47,77,134,168,208,285],"employ":[21],"special":[22,30,48,72,97,180,239,286],"population":[23,31,73,129],"Malaysia.":[25,184,256],"The":[26,195],"critical":[27],"issues":[28],"facing":[29],"include":[32],"absence":[34],"sustain":[39],"'":[41],"commitment":[42],"provide":[44],"job":[45,64,145,196,249],"opportunities":[46,250],"needs":[49,98,181,287],"population;":[50],"lack":[51,83],"coherent":[53],"interagency":[54],"collaboration":[55],"and":[56,63,74,90,100,114,143,158,172,189,202,228,280,291,298],"coordination":[57],"handling":[59],"education,":[61],"training,":[62],"placement":[65,316],"for":[66,87,105,187,199,237,251,264,318],"disabled;":[68],"negative":[69],"image":[70],"they":[75],"seem":[76],"be":[78,131,156,192],"segregated":[79],"from":[80],"mainstream;":[82],"career":[85],"counseling":[86],"their":[91],"parents;":[92],"inadequate":[93],"training":[94,297],"vocational":[96,179,281],"teachers;":[99],"relatively":[101],"weak":[102],"advocate":[103],"groups":[104],"people":[106,152,252],"with":[107,153,253],"disabilities.":[108],"In":[109,257],"era":[111],"globalization":[113],"keconomy,":[115],"future":[117],"Malaysia's":[119],"competitiveness":[120],"depends":[121],"on":[122],"skills":[124],"its":[126],"workforce.":[127],"Special":[128],"should":[130],"an":[132,221],"asset":[133],"country,":[136],"not":[137,149],"a":[138],"liability.":[139],"If":[140],"trained":[141],"properly":[142],"given":[144],"opportunities,":[146],"it":[147],"is":[148,167,224],"impossible":[150],"disabilities":[154,254],"can":[155],"become":[159],"taxpayers.":[160],"Therefore,":[161],"aim":[163],"this":[165],"paper":[166],"review":[169],"supportive":[171],"suppressive":[173],"factors":[174],"improvement":[177],"education":[182],"Several":[185],"suggestions":[186],"policy":[188],"practice":[190,207],"will":[191],"offered.":[193],"Introduction":[194],"awareness":[197],"campaigns":[198],"proposed":[204],"codes":[205],"make":[209],"workplace":[211],"more":[212],"disabled-friendly":[213],"by":[214],"Ministry":[216,310],"Human":[218,312],"Resources":[219,313],"deserved":[220],"applause.":[222],"It":[223],"timely":[225],"society":[227],"aware":[230],"importance":[233],"economic":[235],"independence":[236],"population.":[240],"There":[241],"has":[242,267,314],"been":[243,268,294],"some":[244],"encouraging":[245],"progress":[246],"enhancing":[248],"civil":[258],"service,":[259],"one":[260],"percent":[261],"employment":[262],"quota":[263],"gazetted":[269],"since":[270],"1988":[271],"(Pekeliling":[272],"Perkhidmatan":[273],"Bil.":[274],"10":[275],"Tahun":[276],"1988).":[277],"More":[278],"technical":[279],"schools":[282],"are":[283],"open":[284],"learners.":[288],"Government":[289],"agencies":[290],"NGOs":[292],"have":[293],"involved":[295],"placing":[299],"handicapped":[300],"individuals":[301],"private":[304],"sector.":[305],"Manpower":[306],"department":[307],"implemented":[315],"program":[317]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
