{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3141137600","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124608004","title":"HVAC Best Practices in Arctic Climates","display_name":"HVAC Best Practices in Arctic Climates","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3141137600","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124608004","mag":"3141137600"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202124608004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124608004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124608004","pdf_url":"https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2021/22/e3sconf_hvac2021_08004.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210186093","display_name":"E3S Web of Conferences","issn_l":"2267-1242","issn":["2267-1242","2555-0403"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["ddh","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319748","host_organization_name":"EDP Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319748","https://openalex.org/P4310319982"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["EDP Sciences","Science Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"E3S Web of Conferences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2021/22/e3sconf_hvac2021_08004.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078393309","display_name":"Emily C. Winfield","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4403-8495","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4403-8495"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emily C. Winfield","raw_affiliation_strings":["Design Alaska, Fairbanks, AK (USA)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Design Alaska, Fairbanks, AK (USA)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082788350","display_name":"Robin J. Rader","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robin J. Rader","raw_affiliation_strings":["Design Alaska, Fairbanks, AK (USA)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Design Alaska, Fairbanks, AK (USA)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051286461","display_name":"Alexander Michael Zhivov","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088792","display_name":"United States Army","ror":"https://ror.org/00afsp483","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87303767","display_name":"U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center","ror":"https://ror.org/027mhn368","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1306490931","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I87303767"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander M. Zhivov","raw_affiliation_strings":["US Army Engineer R&D Center, Champaign, IL (USA)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"US Army Engineer R&D Center, Champaign, IL (USA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088792","https://openalex.org/I87303767"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006381926","display_name":"Anders Dyrelund","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096927","display_name":"Ramboll (Denmark)","ror":"https://ror.org/00w3adw05","country_code":"DK","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096927"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anders Dyrelund","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ramboll, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ramboll, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096927"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056597282","display_name":"Craig Fredeen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Craig Fredeen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cold Climate Engineering, LLC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cold Climate Engineering, LLC","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016856082","display_name":"Oddgeir Gu\u00f0mundsson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3925-7252","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3925-7252"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117054","display_name":"Danfoss (Denmark)","ror":"https://ror.org/039pgdx28","country_code":"DK","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117054"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oddgeir Gudmundsson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Danfoss, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Danfoss, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117054"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019116637","display_name":"Brent Goering","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306490931","display_name":"United States Army Corps of Engineers","ror":"https://ror.org/05w4e8v21","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1306490931","https://openalex.org/I1330347796"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brent Goering","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Alaska District, Fairbanks, AK (USA)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Alaska District, Fairbanks, AK (USA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306490931"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.03947037,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"246","issue":null,"first_page":"08004","last_page":"08004"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.6859999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.6859999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13263","display_name":"Building energy efficiency and sustainability","score":0.21780000627040863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11529","display_name":"Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technologies","score":0.06930000334978104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hvac-systems","display_name":"HVAC systems","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arctic-climate","display_name":"Arctic climate","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-redundancy","display_name":"system redundancy","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-durability","display_name":"system durability","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heating-and-ventilation-systems","display_name":"heating and ventilation systems","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maintenance-strategy","display_name":"maintenance strategy","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/military-installations","display_name":"military installations","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alaska","display_name":"Alaska","score":0.5170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greenland","display_name":"Greenland","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-energy-buildings","display_name":"low-energy buildings","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-energy-systems","display_name":"thermal energy systems","score":0.8190000057220459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122346748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1798773","display_name":"HVAC","level":3,"score":0.6362535357475281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.5682611465454102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518008717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25322","display_name":"Arctic","level":2,"score":0.5484727621078491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206145494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4654236","display_name":"ASHRAE 90.1","level":2,"score":0.5293591618537903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.49083882570266724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184356942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830382","display_name":"Best practice","level":2,"score":0.4710894525051117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46304622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374814","display_name":"Certification","level":2,"score":0.45660948753356934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.4425245225429535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.43281662464141846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.3656681478023529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.32787758111953735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.32693636417388916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.20369112491607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1295495629310608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11615043878555298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103742991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173725","display_name":"Air conditioning","level":2,"score":0.10801452398300171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202124608004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124608004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124608004","pdf_url":"https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2021/22/e3sconf_hvac2021_08004.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210186093","display_name":"E3S Web of Conferences","issn_l":"2267-1242","issn":["2267-1242","2555-0403"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["ddh","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319748","host_organization_name":"EDP Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319748","https://openalex.org/P4310319982"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["EDP Sciences","Science Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"E3S Web of Conferences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:edpsciences.org:dkey/10.1051/e3sconf/202124608004","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.e3s-conferences.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124608004/pdf","pdf_url":"https://www.e3s-conferences.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124608004/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400744","display_name":"Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I8488066","host_organization_name":"Chiba Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8488066"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124608004","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:603befbb90a5402cbed36352117f6b32","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/603befbb90a5402cbed36352117f6b32","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"E3S Web of Conferences, Vol 246, p 08004 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202124608004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124608004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124608004","pdf_url":"https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2021/22/e3sconf_hvac2021_08004.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210186093","display_name":"E3S Web of Conferences","issn_l":"2267-1242","issn":["2267-1242","2555-0403"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["ddh","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319748","host_organization_name":"EDP Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319748","https://openalex.org/P4310319982"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["EDP Sciences","Science Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"E3S Web of Conferences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.46149998903274536}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333589","display_name":"Environmental Security Technology Certification Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3141137600.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3141137600.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2980797340","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3144130375","https://openalex.org/W7026504563","https://openalex.org/W3146871809","https://openalex.org/W3002710533","https://openalex.org/W7214143678","https://openalex.org/W7204213787","https://openalex.org/W7005455596","https://openalex.org/W2420790434","https://openalex.org/W4404404286","https://openalex.org/W4319240738"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Arctic":[0],"climates":[1],"provide":[2],"unique":[3],"challenges":[4],"for":[5],"designers":[6],"of":[7,16,37,73,93,127,209],"HVAC,":[8],"plumbing,":[9],"and":[10,25,39,49,59,84,121,156,181],"thermal":[11,210],"energy":[12,211],"systems.":[13,212],"The":[14,31,51,138,192],"importance":[15,72],"considering":[17],"the":[18,43,55,68,71,88,103,124,145,160,165,197],"operation":[19],"outside":[20],"air":[21],"temperatures,":[22],"system":[23,61],"reliability,":[24],"building":[26,79],"resiliency":[27],"cannot":[28],"be":[29,100],"understated.":[30],"paper":[32,52,98,139,193],"describes":[33],"best":[34,112],"practice":[35,113],"examples":[36,114],"robust":[38],"reliable":[40],"systems":[41],"with":[42,67,204],"emphasis":[44,69],"on":[45,70,207],"their":[46],"redundancy,":[47],"durability,":[48],"functionality.":[50],"also":[53],"discusses":[54],"most":[56],"common":[57],"heating":[58],"ventilation":[60],"approaches":[62],"used":[63,132],"in":[64,87,96,102,119,152],"arctic":[65],"climate":[66],"a":[74,134,205],"maintenance":[75],"program":[76],"that":[77,129],"allows":[78],"operators":[80],"to":[81,175,196],"successfully":[82],"troubleshoot":[83],"maintain":[85],"buildings":[86],"arctic.":[89],"More":[90],"detailed":[91],"discussion":[92],"concepts":[94,108],"presented":[95],"this":[97],"can":[99],"found":[101],"Guide":[104,202],"[1]":[105],"where":[106],"these":[107],"are":[109],"illustrated":[110],"by":[111],"from":[115,141],"U.S.":[116,135,182],"military":[117,136],"bases":[118],"Alaska":[120],"S\u00f8ndre":[122],"Str\u00f8mfjord,":[123],"international":[125],"airport":[126],"Greenland":[128],"previously":[130],"was":[131],"as":[133],"base.":[137],"results":[140],"experts\u2019":[142],"discussions":[143],"during":[144],"Consultation":[146],"Forum":[147],"\u201cThermal":[148],"Energy":[149],"Systems":[150],"Resilience":[151],"Cold/Arctic":[153],"Climates\u201d":[154],"[2]":[155],"research":[157],"conducted":[158],"under":[159,187],"IEA":[161],"EBC":[162],"Annex":[163],"73,":[164],"Environmental":[166],"Security":[167],"Technology":[168,190],"Certification":[169],"Program":[170,184],"(ESTCP)":[171],"Project":[172],"\u201cTechnologies":[173],"Integration":[174],"Achieve":[176],"Resilient,":[177],"Low-Energy":[178],"Military":[179,188],"Installations\u201d":[180],"Army":[183],"project":[185],"633734T1500":[186],"Engineering":[189],"Demonstration.":[191],"is":[194],"complementary":[195],"ASHRAE":[198],"Cold":[199],"Climate":[200],"Design":[201],"[3]":[203],"focus":[206],"resilience":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2021-04-13T00:00:00"}
