{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3141125428","doi":null,"title":"Iron in Urban Air Pollution","display_name":"Iron in Urban Air Pollution","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3141125428","mag":"3141125428"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.du.edu:etd-2829","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.du.edu/etd/1836","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.du.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2829&context=etd","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196520","display_name":"Digital Commons - DU (University of Denver)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I131651094","host_organization_name":"University of Denver","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Theses and Dissertations","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://digitalcommons.du.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2829&context=etd","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082489389","display_name":"Joseph R. Salazar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7826-4434","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7826-4434"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joseph R. Salazar","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7826-4434","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082489389"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10075","display_name":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10075","display_name":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10139","display_name":"Heavy metals in environment","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10347","display_name":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-soluble-iron","display_name":"water-soluble iron","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iron-solubility","display_name":"iron solubility","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-air-pollution","display_name":"urban air pollution","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iron-oxidation-state","display_name":"iron oxidation state","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intermediate-volatility-organic-compounds","display_name":"intermediate-volatility organic compounds","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naphthalene","display_name":"naphthalene","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pm2-5","display_name":"PM2.5","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iron-speciation","display_name":"iron speciation","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/almandine","display_name":"almandine","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetite","display_name":"magnetite","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sulfate","display_name":"sulfate","score":0.6940000057220459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C559116025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131123","display_name":"Air pollution","level":2,"score":0.5320022702217102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.49175360798835754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521259446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58734","display_name":"Pollution","level":2,"score":0.4602280259132385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.335094153881073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2559930086135864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.1374402642250061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.du.edu:etd-2829","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.du.edu/etd/1836","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.du.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2829&context=etd","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196520","display_name":"Digital Commons - DU (University of Denver)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I131651094","host_organization_name":"University of Denver","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Theses and Dissertations","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3141125428","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.du.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2829&context=etd","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.du.edu:etd-2829","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.du.edu/etd/1836","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.du.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2829&context=etd","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196520","display_name":"Digital Commons - DU (University of Denver)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I131651094","host_organization_name":"University of Denver","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Theses and Dissertations","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1286236842","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"-AC02-05CH11231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1863003419","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DEAC02-05CH11231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3083819904","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"05CH11231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G42916606","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE AC02 05CH11231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5752108293","display_name":"Collaborative Research: Impact of Metals on Photochemical Aging of Water Soluble Organic Carbon in Atmospheric Particulate Matter: A Combined Lab and Field Study","funder_award_id":"1549166","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G969889393","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC02-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309915","display_name":"Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/019rjbt98"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3141125428.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3141125428.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":113,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W45696643","https://openalex.org/W1250478016","https://openalex.org/W1275624697","https://openalex.org/W1504820806","https://openalex.org/W1597228787","https://openalex.org/W1644321256","https://openalex.org/W1655820209","https://openalex.org/W1884540967","https://openalex.org/W1964773166","https://openalex.org/W1969118254","https://openalex.org/W1974000914","https://openalex.org/W1977420569","https://openalex.org/W1980065590","https://openalex.org/W1981700234","https://openalex.org/W1982272803","https://openalex.org/W1983228601","https://openalex.org/W1986887669","https://openalex.org/W1987051884","https://openalex.org/W1987407517","https://openalex.org/W1990273669","https://openalex.org/W1990337497","https://openalex.org/W1990555060","https://openalex.org/W1992804260","https://openalex.org/W1992952763","https://openalex.org/W1994783077","https://openalex.org/W1995704462","https://openalex.org/W1996200333","https://openalex.org/W1998355523","https://openalex.org/W1999799630","https://openalex.org/W2006896335","https://openalex.org/W2010871384","https://openalex.org/W2012554986","https://openalex.org/W2014583762","https://openalex.org/W2019366202","https://openalex.org/W2020126968","https://openalex.org/W2022014152","https://openalex.org/W2022328734","https://openalex.org/W2031274602","https://openalex.org/W2035771906","https://openalex.org/W2036139564","https://openalex.org/W2036636527","https://openalex.org/W2039820380","https://openalex.org/W2039856351","https://openalex.org/W2040629535","https://openalex.org/W2041970587","https://openalex.org/W2042130089","https://openalex.org/W2042340474","https://openalex.org/W2043800000","https://openalex.org/W2045153040","https://openalex.org/W2049302850","https://openalex.org/W2055531495","https://openalex.org/W2062609292","https://openalex.org/W2064828945","https://openalex.org/W2065647650","https://openalex.org/W2067496359","https://openalex.org/W2069762113","https://openalex.org/W2070202149","https://openalex.org/W2071074231","https://openalex.org/W2079979380","https://openalex.org/W2080378805","https://openalex.org/W2088430778","https://openalex.org/W2088770625","https://openalex.org/W2089556823","https://openalex.org/W2102375601","https://openalex.org/W2103893521","https://openalex.org/W2113084550","https://openalex.org/W2113937353","https://openalex.org/W2117680644","https://openalex.org/W2120335406","https://openalex.org/W2121537905","https://openalex.org/W2125029731","https://openalex.org/W2128881477","https://openalex.org/W2134113887","https://openalex.org/W2140282454","https://openalex.org/W2140328263","https://openalex.org/W2142132535","https://openalex.org/W2143021290","https://openalex.org/W2147575195","https://openalex.org/W2152617489","https://openalex.org/W2154889667","https://openalex.org/W2155507586","https://openalex.org/W2158541515","https://openalex.org/W2158638103","https://openalex.org/W2159081966","https://openalex.org/W2164622518","https://openalex.org/W2165644968","https://openalex.org/W2168272733","https://openalex.org/W2170312901","https://openalex.org/W2171963263","https://openalex.org/W2218192779","https://openalex.org/W2316782338","https://openalex.org/W2318698569","https://openalex.org/W2324512972","https://openalex.org/W2331092813","https://openalex.org/W2332385192","https://openalex.org/W2334728923","https://openalex.org/W2378450324","https://openalex.org/W2412438316","https://openalex.org/W2555211900","https://openalex.org/W2573699378","https://openalex.org/W2594031586","https://openalex.org/W2596431352","https://openalex.org/W2606602894","https://openalex.org/W2608203329","https://openalex.org/W2750654383","https://openalex.org/W2794208389","https://openalex.org/W2901206819","https://openalex.org/W2906321800","https://openalex.org/W2906594871","https://openalex.org/W2907050188","https://openalex.org/W2994386961","https://openalex.org/W3008763869","https://openalex.org/W4246469684"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3087115170","https://openalex.org/W3008763869","https://openalex.org/W2152617489","https://openalex.org/W1998355523","https://openalex.org/W2158638103","https://openalex.org/W2334728923","https://openalex.org/W2346121886","https://openalex.org/W4283462943","https://openalex.org/W2525940856","https://openalex.org/W2345236432"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,55,68,198,227,271,312],"processes":[1],"by":[2,63,163,169,296],"which":[3,52,123],"iron":[4,16,20,31,46,59,72,95,117,136,168,195,211,275,293,305,308,318,342],"is":[5,17,21,47,319],"solubilized":[6],"are":[7,11,61,124],"largely":[8],"unknown.":[9],"There":[10],"three":[12],"hypotheses":[13,57],"on":[14,58],"how":[15],"soluble:":[18],"1)":[19],"thought":[22],"to":[23,39,49,121,141,205,304,322],"undergo":[24],"an":[25,33,130,165],"acid":[26],"based":[27],"solubilization":[28],"process,":[29,183],"2)":[30],"undergoes":[32],"oxidation/reduction":[34],"process":[35],"and":[36,44,147,149,192,210,223,241,266,307],"reduces":[37],"iron(III)":[38],"the":[40,93,110,161,181,184,188,194,201,206,213,218,274,278,286,290,332],"more":[41],"soluble":[42],"iron(II),":[43],"3)":[45],"bound":[48],"organic":[50,144,185,343],"molecules,":[51],"solubilizes":[53],"it.":[54],"3":[56,253],"water-solubilized":[60],"explored":[62,138],"presenting":[64],"two":[65,313],"individual":[66],"studies.":[67],"first":[69],"study":[70,159],"investigates":[71],"directly":[73],"from":[74,81,90,200,229,252],"car":[75,202],"exhaust.":[76],"Exhaust":[77],"particles":[78],"were":[79,231],"collected":[80,232],"32":[82],"vehicles.":[83],"Iron":[84,324,336],"solubility":[85,96,309],"in":[86,127,212,331],"these":[87],"samples":[88,228],"ranged":[89],"0%-82%":[91],"with":[92,139],"average":[94],"being":[97],"30%.":[98],"X-ray":[99],"absorption":[100],"near":[101],"edge":[102],"structure":[103],"(XANES)":[104],"spectroscopy":[105],"showed":[106,315],"that":[107,316],"Fe(III)":[108],"was":[109,118,137,177,280,284,289,310,327,338],"primary":[111],"oxidation":[112,306,325],"state":[113,326],"of":[114,135,172,187,208,273,277,341],"iron.":[115],"Water-soluble":[116],"not":[119,320,328],"correlated":[120,321],"sulfates,":[122],"frequently":[125],"found":[126,285],"aerosols":[128],"as":[129,152,154,217],"acidic":[131],"species.":[132],"Last,":[133,301],"correlation":[134,303],"respect":[140],"intermediate":[142],"volatility":[143],"compounds":[145],"(IVOCs)":[146],"naphthalene":[148],"resulting":[150,333],"R2":[151],"high":[153],"0.56.":[155],"A":[156],"bench":[157],"top":[158],"verified":[160],"results":[162],"showing":[164],"increasing":[166],"water-solubility":[167,337],"a":[170,175,234,329,339],"factor":[171,330],"5.5.":[173],"Thus,":[174],"hypothesis":[176],"developed":[178],"that,":[179],"during":[180,237],"extraction":[182],"components":[186],"PM":[189,209,279],"become":[190],"oxidized":[191],"chelate":[193],"into":[196],"water.":[197],"observation":[199],"exhaust":[203],"led":[204],"investigation":[207],"ambient":[214],"atmosphere":[215],"known":[216],"Platte":[219],"River":[220],"Air":[221],"Pollution":[222],"Photochemistry":[224],"Experiment":[225],"(PRAPPE).":[226],"PRAPPE":[230],"for":[233],"24-hour":[235],"period":[236],"summer":[238],"(August":[239],"2017)":[240],"winter":[242],"(December":[243],"2016":[244],"-":[245],"March":[246],"2017).":[247],"Here":[248],"we":[249],"compared":[250],"PM2.5":[251],"different":[254],"sites":[255],"including":[256],"Denver":[257],"(an":[258],"urban),":[259],"Jackson":[260],"Lake":[261],"State":[262],"Park":[263],"(a":[264,268],"rural),":[265],"Platteville":[267],"mixed":[269],"site).":[270],"speciation":[272],"component":[276],"also":[281],"investigated.":[282],"It":[283],"almandine":[287],"(Fe\u2083Al\u2082Si\u2083O\u2081\u2082)":[288],"most":[291],"abundant":[292],"complex":[294],"follow":[295],"magnetite":[297],"(Fe3O4)":[298],"then":[299],"Fe(III)dextran.":[300],"no":[302],"found.":[311],"studies":[314],"water-soluble":[317,334],"sulfates.":[323],"Iron.":[335],"result":[340],"interaction.":[344]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2021-04-13T00:00:00"}