{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3140799962","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.25.21254355","title":"Task-related excitatory/inhibitory ratios in the fronto-striatal circuitry predict attention control deficits in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder","display_name":"Task-related excitatory/inhibitory ratios in the fronto-striatal circuitry predict attention control deficits in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3140799962","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.25.21254355","mag":"3140799962"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1101/2021.03.25.21254355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.25.21254355","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.25.21254355","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2021/03/26/2021.03.25.21254355.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2021/03/26/2021.03.25.21254355.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038102246","display_name":"Ping Chao Mamiya","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ping C. Mamiya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111509137","display_name":"Todd L. Richards","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6079-360X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6079-360X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Todd L. Richards","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, University of Washington,Seattle, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, University of Washington,Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040347516","display_name":"Richard A.E. Edden","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0671-7374","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0671-7374"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard A.E. Edden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070628744","display_name":"Adrian K. C. Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7611-0500","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7611-0500"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adrian K.C. Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069253432","display_name":"Mark A. Stein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4475-8871","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4475-8871"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark A. Stein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042429206","display_name":"Patricia K. Kuhl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1651-9742","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1651-9742"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patricia K. Kuhl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038102246"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10537","display_name":"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10537","display_name":"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10056","display_name":"Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder","display_name":"attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attentional-control","display_name":"attentional control","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/excitation-inhibition-balance","display_name":"excitation-inhibition balance","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaba","display_name":"GABA","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glutamate","display_name":"glutamate","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frontostriatal-circuits","display_name":"frontostriatal circuits","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anterior-cingulate-cortex","display_name":"anterior cingulate cortex","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caudate-nucleus","display_name":"caudate nucleus","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/error-prediction","display_name":"error prediction","score":0.414000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stroop-task","display_name":"Stroop task","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flanker-task","display_name":"flanker task","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adult-adhd","display_name":"adult ADHD","score":0.43700000643730164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778402161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2121931","display_name":"Anterior cingulate cortex","level":3,"score":0.6801232099533081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.674856424331665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162967406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q384176","display_name":"Stroop effect","level":3,"score":0.6464985609054565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61174792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420510","display_name":"Glutamate receptor","level":3,"score":0.6211756467819214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.6138192415237427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781423529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132309","display_name":"Caudate nucleus","level":2,"score":0.6035314202308655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780783007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181923","display_name":"Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","level":2,"score":0.5301697254180908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781195155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18680","display_name":"Prefrontal cortex","level":3,"score":0.475788950920105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778796910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6033829","display_name":"Inhibitory control","level":3,"score":0.46291711926460266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126139899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4818236","display_name":"Attentional control","level":3,"score":0.4342811107635498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17077164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185869","display_name":"Inhibitory postsynaptic potential","level":2,"score":0.41604113578796387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.38204461336135864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.3768853545188904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.2323809266090393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2278989851474762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.22469758987426758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1101/2021.03.25.21254355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.25.21254355","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.25.21254355","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2021/03/26/2021.03.25.21254355.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1101/2021.03.25.21254355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.25.21254355","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.25.21254355","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2021/03/26/2021.03.25.21254355.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9476000070571899,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1969442579","display_name":"Cortical Dynamics of Auditory Attention","funder_award_id":"R01DC013260","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337352","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4237977461","display_name":"Resource for Quantitative Functional FMRI","funder_award_id":"P41EB015909","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337363","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5520316217","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NIH-R01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000919432","display_name":"Universal Edited MRS at 3T","funder_award_id":"R01EB016089","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337363","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337352","display_name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","ror":"https://ror.org/04mhx6838"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337363","display_name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering","ror":"https://ror.org/00372qc85"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3140799962.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3140799962.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":74,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W573876062","https://openalex.org/W1520830854","https://openalex.org/W1613369435","https://openalex.org/W1901260206","https://openalex.org/W1957708244","https://openalex.org/W1972287603","https://openalex.org/W1974261686","https://openalex.org/W1982852470","https://openalex.org/W1987906661","https://openalex.org/W1992521533","https://openalex.org/W1992716358","https://openalex.org/W2007817385","https://openalex.org/W2015118408","https://openalex.org/W2019182935","https://openalex.org/W2023926851","https://openalex.org/W2025368995","https://openalex.org/W2035568761","https://openalex.org/W2035972116","https://openalex.org/W2038010521","https://openalex.org/W2038979894","https://openalex.org/W2053437135","https://openalex.org/W2059496726","https://openalex.org/W2059956688","https://openalex.org/W2067697609","https://openalex.org/W2068766132","https://openalex.org/W2072652550","https://openalex.org/W2077208091","https://openalex.org/W2086172755","https://openalex.org/W2090329428","https://openalex.org/W2093037844","https://openalex.org/W2109195157","https://openalex.org/W2127901933","https://openalex.org/W2129984031","https://openalex.org/W2131578768","https://openalex.org/W2138613917","https://openalex.org/W2147937603","https://openalex.org/W2151516651","https://openalex.org/W2160595499","https://openalex.org/W2166045493","https://openalex.org/W2169232412","https://openalex.org/W2169255709","https://openalex.org/W2169826322","https://openalex.org/W2173847305","https://openalex.org/W2311283174","https://openalex.org/W2327113672","https://openalex.org/W2512772141","https://openalex.org/W2514632722","https://openalex.org/W2527894474","https://openalex.org/W2556548636","https://openalex.org/W2570496985","https://openalex.org/W2587060638","https://openalex.org/W2605422268","https://openalex.org/W2610969135","https://openalex.org/W2617984397","https://openalex.org/W2758105753","https://openalex.org/W2759955182","https://openalex.org/W2789599848","https://openalex.org/W2802815532","https://openalex.org/W2891885734","https://openalex.org/W2894949518","https://openalex.org/W2912500996","https://openalex.org/W2916121811","https://openalex.org/W2918069149","https://openalex.org/W2932817255","https://openalex.org/W2945126729","https://openalex.org/W2945129130","https://openalex.org/W2964310384","https://openalex.org/W2973176620","https://openalex.org/W2995282323","https://openalex.org/W3026727394","https://openalex.org/W3034761030","https://openalex.org/W3038581478","https://openalex.org/W3094069413","https://openalex.org/W4230920194"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4224215154","https://openalex.org/W2785703853","https://openalex.org/W3022078177","https://openalex.org/W2062525177","https://openalex.org/W3026727394","https://openalex.org/W1965375794","https://openalex.org/W1980400955","https://openalex.org/W2061413929","https://openalex.org/W2982662658","https://openalex.org/W4385543025"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Reduced":[1],"GABA":[2,24,49,80,122,178,239],"concentrations":[3,84,125],"at":[4],"rest":[5],"in":[6,13,35,68,85,95,130,145,188,202,206,220,244,254],"the":[7,44,86,92,96,127,138,167,181,198,203,214,221,224],"fronto-striatal":[8,97],"circuitry":[9,98],"are":[10,29,54],"repeatedly":[11],"implicated":[12],"cognitive":[14,252],"symptoms":[15],"of":[16,31,58,140,233],"ADHD.":[17,69,148,209,255],"However,":[18],"recent":[19],"evidence":[20],"has":[21],"suggested":[22],"that":[23,217,237],"and":[25,48,60,81,91,114,123,155,169,180,223,235],"its":[26],"precursor,":[27],"glutamate,":[28],"capable":[30],"undergoing":[32],"dynamic":[33],"modifications":[34],"response":[36],"to":[37,78,241],"environments.":[38],"Yet,":[39],"it":[40],"remains":[41],"unclear":[42],"how":[43],"dynamics":[45],"between":[46],"glutamate":[47],"may":[50,249],"change":[51],"when":[52,228],"people":[53,229],"exerting":[55],"their":[56,231],"control":[57,66,104,201,232],"attention,":[59,234],"whether":[61],"they":[62],"would":[63],"predict":[64],"attention":[65,103,200],"deficits":[67,253],"To":[70],"study":[71],"this":[72],"question,":[73],"we":[74],"used":[75],"MR":[76],"spectroscopy":[77],"quantify":[79],"glutamate+glutamine":[82],"(Glx)":[83],"anterior":[87],"cingulate":[88],"cortex":[89],"(ACC)":[90],"caudate":[93,225],"nucleus":[94,226],"while":[99,160],"subjects":[100,132,146,161,207],"were":[101],"performing":[102],"tasks.":[105,171,190],"We":[106,120],"studied":[107],"19":[108],"adults":[109,116],"with":[110,133,147,162,208],"ADHD":[111,118,165,182],"(31-51":[112],"years)":[113],"16":[115],"without":[117,135,164],"(28-54).":[119],"found":[121],"Glx":[124],"during":[126],"tasks":[128],"increased":[129,154,227],"both":[131],"or":[134,163],"ADHD,":[136],"but":[137],"extent":[139],"increases":[141],"was":[142],"significantly":[143,156,184],"reduced":[144,238],"Notably,":[149],"E/I":[150,176,218,242],"ratios":[151,219],"(Glx/GABA)":[152],"also":[153],"predicted":[157,185,197],"error":[158],"rates":[159],"performed":[166],"Stroop":[168],"Flanker":[170,204],"Critically,":[172],"regression":[173],"models":[174],"including":[175],"ratios,":[177],"concentrations,":[179],"diagnosis":[183],"task":[186,205],"performance":[187],"these":[189,195,245],"Furthermore,":[191],"clear":[192],"interactions":[193],"among":[194],"factors":[196],"impaired":[199],"These":[210],"findings":[211],"demonstrate":[212],"for":[213,251],"first":[215],"time":[216],"ACC":[222],"exerted":[230],"suggest":[236],"contribution":[240],"ratio":[243],"two":[246],"brain":[247],"regions":[248],"account":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2021-04-13T00:00:00"}