{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3140173082","doi":null,"title":"The financial fragility of European households in the time of COVID-19","display_name":"The financial fragility of European households in the time of COVID-19","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3140173082","mag":"3140173082"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:bre:polcon:37489","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://phpstack-765020-2596826.cloudwaysapps.com/sites/default/files/wp_attachments/PC-15-2020-final.pdf","pdf_url":"https://phpstack-765020-2596826.cloudwaysapps.com/sites/default/files/wp_attachments/PC-15-2020-final.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084101417","display_name":"Maria Demertzis Y","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Demertzis","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033266858","display_name":"Marta Dom\u00ednguez-Jim\u00e9nez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4094-7090","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4094-7090"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marta Dom\u00ednguez-Jim\u00e9nez","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4094-7090","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057673396","display_name":"Annamaria Lusardi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2378-7489","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2378-7489"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Annamaria Lusardi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2378-7489","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10517","display_name":"Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis","score":0.6538000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10517","display_name":"Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis","score":0.6538000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11711","display_name":"COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts","score":0.1103999987244606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10446","display_name":"Income, Poverty, and Inequality","score":0.054499998688697815,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-financial-fragility","display_name":"household financial fragility","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-debt","display_name":"household debt","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/european-households","display_name":"European households","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-crises","display_name":"financial crisis","score":0.3840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-finance","display_name":"household finance","score":0.3089999854564667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781332510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5449713","display_name":"Financial fragility","level":3,"score":0.8828246593475342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992337254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31275820","display_name":"Financial stability","level":2,"score":0.733930766582489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80191262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5477668","display_name":"Fragility","level":2,"score":0.7230956554412842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.5930420160293579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778300220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114380","display_name":"Financial crisis","level":2,"score":0.5694491267204285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73283319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1416617","display_name":"Financial system","level":1,"score":0.49814939498901367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4770347774028778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.467553973197937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4456930458545685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.4037734866142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.3613629937171936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.17041561007499695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:bre:polcon:37489","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://phpstack-765020-2596826.cloudwaysapps.com/sites/default/files/wp_attachments/PC-15-2020-final.pdf","pdf_url":"https://phpstack-765020-2596826.cloudwaysapps.com/sites/default/files/wp_attachments/PC-15-2020-final.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"mag:3140173082","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ideas.repec.org/p/bre/polcon/37489.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764935691","display_name":"Policy Contributions","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Policy Contributions","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/237650","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/237650","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:report"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3112195342","https://openalex.org/W4360910043","https://openalex.org/W3033017357","https://openalex.org/W7168407915","https://openalex.org/W4404895647","https://openalex.org/W7066329290","https://openalex.org/W2120893546","https://openalex.org/W4408239162","https://openalex.org/W3004818503","https://openalex.org/W1518321276"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,54,312],"concept":[1,55],"of":[2,19,27,37,47,61,67,79,111,141,168,228,292,306,336,344,368,389,398,401],"household":[3,68],"financial":[4,14,38,52,259,273,283,307,310,320,337,356,363,369,390],"fragility":[5,364,391],"emerged":[6],"in":[7,40,119,175,198,222,225,232,261,267,276,296,334,392],"the":[8,12,20,45,50,59,65,80,109,120,124,135,201,268,277,304,349,360,380,393,399],"United":[9,125],"States":[10],"after":[11],"2007-2008":[13],"crisis.":[15],"It":[16,73],"grew":[17],"out":[18],"need":[21,350],"to":[22,29,42,44,82,91,101,127,150,163,181,205,209,251,281,301,316,341,348,354,359],"understand":[23],"whether":[24],"households'":[25],"lack":[26],"capacity":[28],"face":[30,218],"shocks":[31],"could":[32],"itself":[33],"become":[34,265],"a":[35,138,165,192,219,226,366,373,387],"source":[36,367],"instability,":[39,370],"addition":[41],"risks":[43],"stability":[46],"banks":[48],"and":[49,63,86,88,103,254,309,346],"greater":[51],"system.":[53],"goes":[56],"beyond":[57],"assessing":[58],"level":[60,305],"assets":[62],"encompasses":[64],"state":[66,247],"balance":[69],"sheets,":[70],"including":[71,386],"indebtedness.":[72],"relies":[74],"also":[75,324,347],"on":[76,84,106],"individual":[77],"perceptions":[78],"ability":[81],"rely":[83,104],"families":[85],"friends":[87],"other":[89],"methods":[90],"deal":[92],"with":[93,319],"shocks,":[94],"though":[95],"such":[96,293,377],"aspects":[97],"are":[98,203,242,289,328],"less":[99],"easy":[100],"measure":[102,388],"frequently":[105],"self-assessments.":[107],"-In":[108],"wake":[110],"COVID-19,":[112],"we":[113],"ask":[114],"how":[115],"well-prepared":[116],"households":[117,143,159,178,211,234,286],"were":[118],"European":[121,381,394],"Union":[122],"(including":[123],"Kingdom)":[126],"handle":[128,151],"an":[129,183],"unexpected":[130,152,184],"expense.":[131],"Two":[132],"years":[133],"before":[134],"pandemic":[136],"hit,":[137],"substantial":[139],"share":[140],"EU":[142,156,177,202,332],"reported":[144],"that":[145,173,241,257,299,326,362],"they":[146],"would":[147],"be":[148,252],"unable":[149,180],"expenses.":[153],"In":[154],"some":[155],"countries,":[157],"many":[158,290],"had":[160],"savings":[161],"equivalent":[162],"just":[164],"few":[166],"weeks":[167],"basic":[169],"consumption.":[170],"-We":[171],"find":[172],"one":[174,231],"three":[176],"is":[179,249,314,365,372],"meet":[182],"shock":[185],"during":[186,191],"regular":[187],"times,":[188],"let":[189],"alone":[190],"pandemic.":[193],"COVID-19-related":[194],"support":[195],"measures":[196],"put":[197,295],"place":[199,297],"across":[200],"intended":[204],"provide":[206],"economic":[207],"help":[208,248],"those":[210],"where":[212,230],"members":[213],"have":[214],"lost":[215],"jobs":[216],"or":[217,279],"severe":[220],"reduction":[221],"income.":[223],"However,":[224,358],"number":[227],"countries":[229,240,333],"two":[233],"was":[235],"already":[236,243],"fragile":[237],"-":[238,246],"typically":[239],"economically":[244],"weaker":[245],"likely":[250],"smaller":[253],"shorter-lived.":[255],"Policies":[256],"increase":[258,302],"resilience":[260,284],"structural":[262],"ways":[263],"will":[264],"necessary":[266],"future.":[269],"-Such":[270],"policies":[271,294,353],"include":[272],"education":[274],"programmes":[275],"workplace":[278],"initiatives":[280],"promote":[282,355],"among":[285],"directly.":[287],"There":[288],"examples":[291],"worldwide":[298],"aim":[300],"structurally":[303],"preparedness":[308],"literacy.":[311],"latter":[313],"shown":[315],"correlate":[317],"strongly":[318],"resilience.":[321,357],"-Our":[322],"evidence":[323],"shows":[325],"there":[327,371],"major":[329],"differences":[330],"between":[331],"term":[335],"fragility.":[338],"This":[339],"points":[340],"different":[342,352],"degrees":[343],"urgency":[345],"for":[351,375,383],"extent":[361],"case":[374],"monitoring":[376,400],"indicators":[378],"at":[379],"level,":[382],"example":[384],"by":[385],"Semester":[395],"as":[396],"part":[397],"Macroeconomic":[402],"Imbalances":[403],"Procedure":[404],"indicators.":[405]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2021-04-13T00:00:00"}
