{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3139986246","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cmu2.12168","title":"Low latency group\u2010sorted QR decomposition algorithm for larger\u2010scale MIMO systems","display_name":"Low latency group\u2010sorted QR decomposition algorithm for larger\u2010scale MIMO systems","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3139986246","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cmu2.12168","mag":"3139986246"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1049/cmu2.12168","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cmu2.12168","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cmu2.12168","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/cmu2.12168","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S85427048","display_name":"IET Communications","issn_l":"1751-8628","issn":["1751-8628","1751-8636"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["ccf-c","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/cmu2.12168","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080864025","display_name":"Lirui Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5972-1812","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5972-1812"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lirui Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory for Parallel and Distributed Processing, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410005 China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5972-1812","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory for Parallel and Distributed Processing, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410005 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102953735","display_name":"Yu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0578-0443","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0578-0443"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory for Parallel and Distributed Processing, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410005 China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory for Parallel and Distributed Processing, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410005 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100534277","display_name":"Zuocheng Xing","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zuocheng Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory for Parallel and Distributed Processing, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410005 China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory for Parallel and Distributed Processing, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410005 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061751169","display_name":"Shikai Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6376-5268","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6376-5268"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shikai Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory for Parallel and Distributed Processing, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410005 China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6376-5268","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory for Parallel and Distributed Processing, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410005 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101913669","display_name":"Qinglin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8286-6566","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8286-6566"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinglin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory for Parallel and Distributed Processing, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410005 China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory for Parallel and Distributed Processing, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410005 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013091675","display_name":"Yongzhong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1380-7759","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1380-7759"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198357462","display_name":"Changsha University","ror":"https://ror.org/011d8sm39","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198357462"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yongzhong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Changsha University, Changsha, 410005 China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Changsha University, Changsha, 410005 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198357462"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013091675"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198357462"],"apc_list":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"apc_paid":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"fwci":0.0734,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.28189386,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"12","first_page":"1548","last_page":"1560"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.7416999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.7416999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10792","display_name":"Matrix Theory and Algorithms","score":0.17069999873638153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.0066999997943639755,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sorted-qr-decomposition","display_name":"sorted QR decomposition","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo-detection","display_name":"MIMO detection","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-architecture","display_name":"hardware architecture","score":0.4869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/65-nm-cmos","display_name":"65 nm CMOS","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/massive-mimo","display_name":"massive MIMO","score":0.8259999752044678}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188060507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q653242","display_name":"QR decomposition","level":3,"score":0.6620618104934692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5998942255973816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.5477064847946167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.4954007863998413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4624187648296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781311116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83306","display_name":"Group (periodic table)","level":2,"score":0.43626832962036133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4273185431957245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124681953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339062","display_name":"Decomposition","level":2,"score":0.4177165627479553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.17169564962387085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158693339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190524","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","level":2,"score":0.09336897730827332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0568411648273468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1049/cmu2.12168","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cmu2.12168","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cmu2.12168","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/cmu2.12168","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S85427048","display_name":"IET Communications","issn_l":"1751-8628","issn":["1751-8628","1751-8636"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["ccf-c","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:dc10c3bceab44867b1bf910d44a7caa1","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/dc10c3bceab44867b1bf910d44a7caa1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IET Communications, Vol 15, Iss 12, Pp 1548-1560 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1049/cmu2.12168","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cmu2.12168","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cmu2.12168","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/cmu2.12168","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S85427048","display_name":"IET Communications","issn_l":"1751-8628","issn":["1751-8628","1751-8636"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["ccf-c","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8469418851","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61874140","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3139986246.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3139986246.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W214093734","https://openalex.org/W1933435065","https://openalex.org/W1976626581","https://openalex.org/W1978052970","https://openalex.org/W1978288526","https://openalex.org/W1986095997","https://openalex.org/W1986396242","https://openalex.org/W1988934261","https://openalex.org/W1989701390","https://openalex.org/W2005169228","https://openalex.org/W2012193892","https://openalex.org/W2025972945","https://openalex.org/W2048633043","https://openalex.org/W2054620919","https://openalex.org/W2079097625","https://openalex.org/W2084589364","https://openalex.org/W2096731139","https://openalex.org/W2100880214","https://openalex.org/W2103925854","https://openalex.org/W2111124108","https://openalex.org/W2138760696","https://openalex.org/W2139317044","https://openalex.org/W2141682101","https://openalex.org/W2168434355","https://openalex.org/W2433639893","https://openalex.org/W2576200917","https://openalex.org/W2590699196","https://openalex.org/W2592826200","https://openalex.org/W2607898408","https://openalex.org/W2793760172"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3092632324","https://openalex.org/W2807944329","https://openalex.org/W1989701390","https://openalex.org/W3092260281","https://openalex.org/W2112034465","https://openalex.org/W2011870572","https://openalex.org/W2826127003","https://openalex.org/W26105002","https://openalex.org/W2550542340","https://openalex.org/W2012193892"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Sorted":[1],"QR":[2],"decomposition":[3],"(SQRD)":[4],"has":[5],"been":[6],"extensively":[7],"adopted":[8],"for":[9,45,69,82,109,131],"various":[10,96],"multiple\u2010input\u2010multiple\u2010output":[11],"(MIMO)":[12],"detectors,":[13],"in":[14,95,99,125,151],"which":[15,103,144],"the":[16,38,60,64,88,91,119,133,185],"sorting":[17,51,153],"process":[18],"incurs":[19],"severe":[20],"latency":[21,39,66],"when":[22],"it":[23],"comes":[24],"to":[25,36,80,129,169,184],"larger\u2010scale":[26,46],"MIMO":[27,47,97,110],"situations.":[28],"This":[29],"paper":[30],"proposes":[31],"a":[32,52,100,105,115,152],"group\u2010SQRD":[33],"(GSQRD)":[34],"algorithm":[35,117],"alleviate":[37],"problem":[40],"of":[41,54],"general":[42],"SQRD":[43],"architectures":[44,163],"systems.":[48],"Via":[49],"predictively":[50],"group":[53],"4":[55,148],"columns":[56,149],"at":[57,166],"one":[58],"stage,":[59],"GSQRD":[61,92,113,126],"could":[62],"eliminate":[63],"processing":[65,175],"by":[67],"41%":[68],"decomposing":[70,83],"1616":[71,171],"complex\u2010valued":[72,172],"matrices.":[73,85,173],"Additionally,":[74],"this":[75,138],"percentage":[76],"even":[77],"rises":[78],"up":[79],"68%":[81],"128128":[84],"To":[86],"analyse":[87],"side":[89],"effects,":[90],"is":[93,114],"applied":[94],"detectors":[98],"simulation":[101],"link,":[102],"exhibits":[104],"negligible":[106],"performance":[107],"degradation":[108],"detection.":[111],"Moreover,":[112],"hardware\u2010friendly":[116],"because":[118],"division":[120],"and":[121,147,180],"square":[122],"root":[123],"operations":[124],"are":[127,155,177],"converted":[128],"multiplications":[130],"simplifying":[132],"hardware":[134,142],"implementation.":[135],"Based":[136],"on":[137],"algorithm,":[139],"two":[140],"corresponding":[141],"architectures,":[143],"contains":[145],"2":[146],"respectively":[150,178],"group,":[154],"also":[156],"implemented":[157],"with":[158],"65\u2010nm":[159],"CMOS":[160],"technology.":[161],"These":[162],"can":[164],"work":[165],"513":[167],"MHz":[168],"decompose":[170],"The":[174],"latencies":[176],"0.32":[179],"0.26":[181],"s,":[182],"superior":[183],"state\u2010of\u2010art":[186],"designs.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2021-04-13T00:00:00"}