{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3139876088","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8834583","title":"Study on Hygroscopic Swelling and Dehumidification Cracking Characteristics of Expansive Soil under Acid Rain and Cyclic Drying\u2010Wetting","display_name":"Study on Hygroscopic Swelling and Dehumidification Cracking Characteristics of Expansive Soil under Acid Rain and Cyclic Drying\u2010Wetting","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3139876088","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8834583","mag":"3139876088"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/8834583","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8834583","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8834583","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/2021/8834583","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86499044","display_name":"Advances in Civil Engineering","issn_l":"1687-8086","issn":["1687-8086","1687-8094"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Civil Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/2021/8834583","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021139565","display_name":"Jin Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8101-3895","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8101-3895"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198357462","display_name":"Changsha University","ror":"https://ror.org/011d8sm39","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198357462"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56934997","display_name":"Changsha University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03yph8055","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Civil Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China ccsu.cn","School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China sjtu.edu.cn","School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China csust.edu.cn","College of Civil Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022","School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030","School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China ccsu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198357462"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China sjtu.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China csust.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198357462"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101453780","display_name":"Jie Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8323-7756","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8323-7756"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56934997","display_name":"Changsha University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03yph8055","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jie Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China csust.edu.cn","School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8323-7756","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China csust.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039807506","display_name":"Jianqing Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1670-227X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1670-227X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198357462","display_name":"Changsha University","ror":"https://ror.org/011d8sm39","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198357462"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian-Qing Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Civil Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China ccsu.cn","College of Civil Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China ccsu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198357462"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198357462"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026777494","display_name":"Rui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2451-7103","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2451-7103"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198357462","display_name":"Changsha University","ror":"https://ror.org/011d8sm39","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198357462"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Civil Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China ccsu.cn","College of Civil Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China ccsu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198357462"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198357462"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023151222","display_name":"Xilong Kuang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198357462","display_name":"Changsha University","ror":"https://ror.org/011d8sm39","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198357462"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xi-Long Kuang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Civil Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China ccsu.cn","College of Civil Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China ccsu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198357462"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198357462"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101801265","display_name":"Ming Lei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5878-095X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5878-095X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198357462","display_name":"Changsha University","ror":"https://ror.org/011d8sm39","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198357462"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Civil Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China ccsu.cn","College of Civil Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China ccsu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198357462"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198357462"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101602426","display_name":"Heping Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1030-6495","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1030-6495"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56934997","display_name":"Changsha University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03yph8055","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"He-Ping Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China csust.edu.cn","School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China csust.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101453780"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"],"apc_list":{"value":2760,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2760},"apc_paid":{"value":2760,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2760},"fwci":0.3862,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55726193,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10716","display_name":"Soil and Unsaturated Flow","score":0.6646000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10716","display_name":"Soil and Unsaturated Flow","score":0.6646000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13236","display_name":"Geotechnical and construction materials studies","score":0.24819999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11375","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Stabilization","score":0.031099999323487282,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expansive-soil","display_name":"expansive soil","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acid-rain","display_name":"acid rain","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swelling-deformation","display_name":"swelling deformation","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crack-width","display_name":"crack width","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-ph","display_name":"soil pH","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microvoids","display_name":"microvoids","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-microstructure","display_name":"soil microstructure","score":0.6650000214576721}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1121360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1626102","display_name":"Expansive clay","level":3,"score":0.9070148468017578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134514944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817136","display_name":"Wetting","level":2,"score":0.8878135681152344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778540859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152234","display_name":"Swelling","level":2,"score":0.8601646423339844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6064638495445251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58396970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212749","display_name":"Cracking","level":2,"score":0.5979222655296326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780502288","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28838156","display_name":"Expansive","level":3,"score":0.5162977576255798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.46175336837768555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87976508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498213","display_name":"Microstructure","level":2,"score":0.45908111333847046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3637733459472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.2680661380290985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.21267914772033691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.20429584383964539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1558080017566681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30407753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186191","display_name":"Compressive strength","level":2,"score":0.12899842858314514}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/8834583","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8834583","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8834583","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/2021/8834583","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86499044","display_name":"Advances in Civil Engineering","issn_l":"1687-8086","issn":["1687-8086","1687-8094"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Civil Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:90a92fee3f5343d8af48d47a4066bbfd","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/90a92fee3f5343d8af48d47a4066bbfd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Civil Engineering, Vol 2021 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/8834583","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8834583","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8834583","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/2021/8834583","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86499044","display_name":"Advances in Civil Engineering","issn_l":"1687-8086","issn":["1687-8086","1687-8094"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Civil Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.47999998927116394,"display_name":"Life on land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"},{"score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1824269501","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"19C0152","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311213","funder_display_name":"Education Department of Hunan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5029728021","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"19C0167","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311213","funder_display_name":"Education Department of Hunan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G545455352","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"19A044","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311213","funder_display_name":"Education Department of Hunan Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311213","display_name":"Education Department of Hunan Province","ror":"https://ror.org/05ckg3w11"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3139876088.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3139876088.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979594435","https://openalex.org/W2011201346","https://openalex.org/W2042814547","https://openalex.org/W2124052391","https://openalex.org/W2297609667","https://openalex.org/W2360636076","https://openalex.org/W2369470397","https://openalex.org/W2390905653","https://openalex.org/W2400210346","https://openalex.org/W2460208019","https://openalex.org/W2557416349","https://openalex.org/W2768843739","https://openalex.org/W2774837042","https://openalex.org/W3049529720","https://openalex.org/W3142025997","https://openalex.org/W3145566901"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2035401485","https://openalex.org/W2361161681","https://openalex.org/W4388289694","https://openalex.org/W2996313115","https://openalex.org/W2357338742","https://openalex.org/W2380321010","https://openalex.org/W2363933471","https://openalex.org/W4390764244","https://openalex.org/W2383686283","https://openalex.org/W2103370187"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,313],"this":[1],"study,":[2],"to":[3,14,51],"reveal":[4],"the":[5,20,29,39,53,58,61,71,74,80,93,104,114,121,137,144,158,169,176,184,190,214,230,243,259,264,279,286,291,294,304,315,325,344,350,354,370,376,384,392],"swelling":[6,30,41,115,138,170,181,197,215,385],"and":[7,25,76,98,110,117,140,164,172,203,207,250,257,269,285,341,365,391],"cracking":[8],"characteristics":[9],"of":[10,17,22,32,57,67,73,79,86,107,120,143,155,161,175,183,217,225,242,248,263,276,290,297,306,349,367,373,387],"expansive":[11,33,81,122,145,345,388],"soil":[12,34,82,123,389],"subjected":[13],"cyclic":[15,26,65,84,111,165,193,374],"drying\u2010wetting":[16,27,66,85,112,166,232,281],"acid":[18,23,68,87,108,130,162,321],"rain,":[19],"effects":[21],"rain":[24,88,109,131,163,322],"on":[28,113,136],"deformation":[31,116,139,171,386],"were":[35,89,124],"studied":[36],"by":[37,91,255,267],"using":[38,92],"load\u2010free":[40],"rate":[42,182],"test.":[43],"Afterward,":[44],"a":[45,133,152],"high\u2010definition":[46],"digital":[47],"camera":[48],"was":[49],"used":[50],"capture":[52],"crack":[54,118,141,173,235,261,288],"development":[55,119,142,174],"images":[56],"sample":[59,177,185,265],"during":[60,189],"dehumidification":[62],"process":[63],"under":[64,293],"rain.":[69],"Furthermore,":[70],"changes":[72,378],"microstructure":[75],"mineral":[77],"composition":[78],"after":[83,229],"analyzed":[90],"scanning":[94],"electron":[95],"microscopy":[96],"(SEM)":[97],"X\u2010ray":[99],"diffraction":[100],"(XRD)":[101],"tests.":[102],"Finally,":[103],"effect":[105,135,148],"mechanisms":[106],"discussed.":[125],"The":[126,147,180,195,223,234,347],"results":[127,318],"indicate":[128],"that":[129,320],"has":[132],"positive":[134],"soil.":[146,346],"is":[149,227],"greater":[150],"with":[151,245,273],"stronger":[153],"acidity":[154],"rainfall.":[156],"Moreover,":[157],"combined":[159],"action":[160],"can":[167,323],"promote":[168],"more":[178,381],"notably.":[179],"increased":[186,254],"most":[187],"significantly":[188],"first":[191],"two\u2010time":[192],"drying\u2010wetting.":[194],"measured":[196],"rates":[198,216],"at":[199,219],"pH":[200,220,246,274,299],"=":[201,221],"3":[202,251,335],"5":[204,249],"are":[205,211,379],"23.7%":[206],"20.6%,":[208],"respectively,":[209,253,271],"which":[210],"higher":[212],"than":[213],"19.0%":[218],"7.":[222,277],"humidity":[224],"samples":[226,244,292],"17\u201318%":[228],"first\u2010time":[231],"cycle.":[233],"area":[236],"ratios":[237],"(":[238],"M":[239,283,307],"f":[240,284,308],")":[241],"values":[247,275,300],"are,":[252],"11.0%":[256],"69.1%;":[258],"average":[260,287],"width":[262,289],"increases":[266,361,390],"32.3%":[268],"93.3%,":[270],"compared":[272],"After":[278],"fourth\u2010time":[280],"cycle,":[282],"rainwater":[295],"environment":[296],"three":[298],"increase":[301],"greatly,":[302],"but":[303],"difference":[305],"among":[309],"them":[310],"became":[311],"unapparent.":[312],"addition,":[314],"microscopic":[316],"test":[317],"show":[319],"corrode":[324],"binding":[326,351],"materials":[327],"(e.g.,":[328],"SiO":[329],"2":[330,333,338],",":[331,336],"Al":[332],"O":[334],"K":[337],"O,":[339],"MgO,":[340],"CaO)":[342],"in":[343,359,362],"erosion":[348],"minerals":[352],"weakens":[353],"structural":[355],"connection":[356],"strength,":[357],"resulting":[358],"continuous":[360],"both":[363],"size":[364],"number":[366],"microvoids.":[368],"Under":[369],"superimposed":[371],"influence":[372],"drying\u2010wetting,":[375],"above":[377],"even":[380],"dramatic.":[382],"Macroscopically,":[383],"cracks":[393],"develop":[394],"rapidly.":[395]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
