{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3138904804","doi":null,"title":"First law of thermodynamics for thermalization","display_name":"First law of thermodynamics for thermalization","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3138904804","mag":"3138904804"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:3138904804","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.08132","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.08132","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040501790","display_name":"Hyeong-Chan Kim","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyeong-Chan Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089434007","display_name":"Youngone Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6515-8237","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6515-8237"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youngone Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6515-8237","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11520","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","score":0.9775000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11520","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","score":0.9775000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.008500000461935997,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12261","display_name":"Statistical Mechanics and Entropy","score":0.003000000026077032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/first-law-of-thermodynamics","display_name":"first law of thermodynamics","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermalization","display_name":"thermalization","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-harmonic-oscillator","display_name":"quantum harmonic oscillator","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-modulation","display_name":"frequency modulation","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adiabaticity","display_name":"adiabaticity","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature","display_name":"temperature","score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/density-matrix","display_name":"density matrix","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-thermodynamics","display_name":"quantum thermodynamics","score":0.6970000267028809}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40934718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190070","display_name":"Harmonic oscillator","level":2,"score":0.7161518931388855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109663097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182453","display_name":"Adiabatic process","level":2,"score":0.7080639600753784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.611929714679718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130787639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5645293","display_name":"Hamiltonian (control theory)","level":2,"score":0.5666499733924866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15359245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1347805","display_name":"Thermalisation","level":2,"score":0.5628805756568909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122332657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677864","display_name":"Quantum harmonic oscillator","level":3,"score":0.5440946221351624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119820323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177045","display_name":"Second law of thermodynamics","level":2,"score":0.5382245779037476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.482893705368042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.4755273163318634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.473768025636673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4868915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179380","display_name":"First law of thermodynamics","level":2,"score":0.4244205951690674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.34684911370277405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15859344601631165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:3138904804","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.08132","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:3138904804","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.08132","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3201322388","https://openalex.org/W3207788789","https://openalex.org/W4416955674","https://openalex.org/W3106045999","https://openalex.org/W4404965668","https://openalex.org/W2018015540","https://openalex.org/W2531439655","https://openalex.org/W4221096637","https://openalex.org/W4312078595","https://openalex.org/W4205476678"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,47,77],"study":[1],"the":[2,20,23,28,36,40,49,55,64,74,79,83,93,96,99,105,113],"first":[3,50,106],"law":[4,51,107],"of":[5,22,52,95,98,108],"thermodynamics":[6,53,109],"utilizing":[7],"a":[8,33,69,86],"frequency":[9],"modulated":[10],"quantum":[11,57],"harmonic":[12,114],"oscillator.":[13,115],"For":[14],"an":[15],"adiabatic":[16,75],"change":[17],"in":[18],"frequency,":[19],"temperature":[21,67],"oscillator":[24,84],"is":[25],"proportional":[26],"to":[27,73],"frequency.":[29],"Then,":[30],"we":[31,103],"present":[32],"number":[34],"representing":[35],"non-adiabaticity":[37,60,71],"determined":[38],"by":[39],"relation":[41],"between":[42],"Ermakov-Lewis-Riesenfeld":[43],"invariant":[44],"and":[45,61],"hamiltonian.":[46],"write":[48,104],"for":[54,82,110,112],"oscillator's":[56],"state":[58],"having":[59],"then":[62],"find":[63],"temperature.":[65,76],"The":[66,89],"gains":[68],"non-negative":[70],"correction":[72],"describe":[78],"thermalization":[80,111],"process":[81],"as":[85],"differential":[87],"equation.":[88],"equation":[90],"deals":[91],"with":[92],"evolution":[94],"exponent":[97],"density":[100],"operator.":[101],"Finally,":[102]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2021-03-29T00:00:00"}