{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3138745367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3065440","title":"Blockchain-Based Secure Healthcare Application for Diabetic-Cardio Disease Prediction in Fog Computing","display_name":"Blockchain-Based Secure Healthcare Application for Diabetic-Cardio Disease Prediction in Fog Computing","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3138745367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3065440","mag":"3138745367"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3065440","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3065440","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3065440","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09374954.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09374954.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110722764","display_name":"P. G. Shynu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I876193797","display_name":"Vellore Institute of Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qzypv28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. G. Shynu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4130-943X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082491697","display_name":"Varun G. Menon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3055-9900","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3055-9900"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116159","display_name":"SCMS Group of Educational Institutions","ror":"https://ror.org/02dr4ah95","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116159"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Varun G. Menon","raw_affiliation_strings":["SCMS School of Engineering and Technology, Ernakulum, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3055-9900","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SCMS School of Engineering and Technology, Ernakulum, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108134637","display_name":"R. Lakshmana Kumar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43663321","display_name":"Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science","ror":"https://ror.org/037tgdn13","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43663321"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Lakshmana Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Head- Centre of Excellence for Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, Hindusthan College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0643-6599","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Head- Centre of Excellence for Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, Hindusthan College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43663321"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002855381","display_name":"Seifedine Kadry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1939-4842","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1939-4842"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405261254","display_name":"Noroff University College","ror":"https://ror.org/050r0fy88","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405261254"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seifedine Kadry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Applied Computing and Technology, Noroff University College, Kristiansand, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1939-4842","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Applied Computing and Technology, Noroff University College, Kristiansand, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405261254"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056024500","display_name":"Yunyoung Nam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3318-9394","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3318-9394"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24541011","display_name":"Soonchunhyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/03qjsrb10","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24541011"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunyoung Nam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3318-9394","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24541011"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"apc_paid":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"fwci":22.0366,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":147,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99566414,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"45706","last_page":"45720"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.7285000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.7285000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.15369999408721924,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.06960000097751617,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"blockchain","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fog-computing","display_name":"fog computing","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/healthcare-data-security","display_name":"healthcare data security","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-prediction","display_name":"diabetes prediction","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-disease-prediction","display_name":"cardiovascular disease prediction","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-based-clustering","display_name":"rule-based clustering","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-neuro-fuzzy-inference-system","display_name":"adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"feature selection","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-health-records","display_name":"patient health records","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-prediction","display_name":"disease prediction","score":0.5899999737739563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.7005898356437683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6799366474151611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.46843868494033813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.39280712604522705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3065440","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3065440","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3065440","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09374954.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:135c3cd643fa44268e1be7e7ab25121e","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/135c3cd643fa44268e1be7e7ab25121e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 45706-45720 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3065440","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3065440","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3065440","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09374954.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9537000060081482,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4943999946117401,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1794958148","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P0012724,","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322064","funder_display_name":"Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4890888927","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P0012724","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7211606024","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P0012724","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321301","funder_display_name":"Soonchunhyang University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321301","display_name":"Soonchunhyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/03qjsrb10"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/008nkqk13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322064","display_name":"Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/015w1qa96"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3138745367.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3138745367.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2005199226","https://openalex.org/W2019207321","https://openalex.org/W2046738003","https://openalex.org/W2056959789","https://openalex.org/W2114623221","https://openalex.org/W2154126105","https://openalex.org/W2159625780","https://openalex.org/W2171408245","https://openalex.org/W2198252115","https://openalex.org/W2245189809","https://openalex.org/W2295019192","https://openalex.org/W2300687008","https://openalex.org/W2586923239","https://openalex.org/W2620389247","https://openalex.org/W2622382573","https://openalex.org/W2754529701","https://openalex.org/W2757855038","https://openalex.org/W2767123504","https://openalex.org/W2771228328","https://openalex.org/W2771665408","https://openalex.org/W2786151040","https://openalex.org/W2790895699","https://openalex.org/W2791935104","https://openalex.org/W2795475639","https://openalex.org/W2796447772","https://openalex.org/W2805383889","https://openalex.org/W2806978311","https://openalex.org/W2809143401","https://openalex.org/W2810381494","https://openalex.org/W2811112224","https://openalex.org/W2886332328","https://openalex.org/W2889120127","https://openalex.org/W2895644359","https://openalex.org/W2898530646","https://openalex.org/W2911681169","https://openalex.org/W2945280224","https://openalex.org/W2954788759","https://openalex.org/W2957297168","https://openalex.org/W2985020236","https://openalex.org/W2990181228","https://openalex.org/W2996452324","https://openalex.org/W2998361995","https://openalex.org/W3017174021","https://openalex.org/W3116338731","https://openalex.org/W3118817917","https://openalex.org/W6787653174"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4401453306","https://openalex.org/W4405434502","https://openalex.org/W3121001780","https://openalex.org/W4406434844","https://openalex.org/W3194107001","https://openalex.org/W4408017917","https://openalex.org/W4289108929","https://openalex.org/W4397006884","https://openalex.org/W4391094047","https://openalex.org/W4309741570"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fog":[0,127],"computing":[1,5],"is":[2,20,72,81,124,139,204],"a":[3,50,132],"modern":[4],"model":[6],"which":[7],"offers":[8],"geographically":[9],"dispersed":[10],"end-users":[11],"with":[12],"the":[13,77,120,144,166,169,182,194,197,202,214,219,233],"latency-aware":[14],"and":[15,32,54,66,74,112,129,150,175,187,201],"highly":[16],"scalable":[17],"services.":[18],"It":[19,68],"comparatively":[21],"safer":[22],"than":[23,226],"cloud":[24],"computing,":[25],"due":[26],"to":[27,35,142,192,232],"information":[28,123],"being":[29],"rapidly":[30],"stored":[31,130],"evaluated":[33],"closer":[34],"data":[36,64,71,180],"sources":[37],"on":[38,131,179],"local":[39],"fog":[40,109],"nodes.":[41],"The":[42,134,209,221],"advent":[43],"of":[44,168,196,228],"Blockchain":[45],"(BC)":[46],"technology":[47],"has":[48],"become":[49],"remarkable,":[51],"most":[52],"revolutionary,":[53],"growing":[55],"development":[56],"in":[57,84,92,108],"recent":[58],"years.":[59],"BT\u2019s":[60],"open":[61],"platform":[62],"stresses":[63],"protection":[65],"anonymity.":[67],"also":[69],"guarantees":[70],"protected":[73],"valid":[75],"through":[76],"consensus":[78],"process.":[79],"BC":[80],"mainly":[82],"used":[83,91,191,205],"money-related":[85],"exchanges;":[86],"now":[87],"it":[88],"will":[89],"be":[90],"many":[93],"domains,":[94],"including":[95],"healthcare;":[96],"This":[97],"paper":[98],"proposes":[99],"efficient":[100],"Blockchain-based":[101],"secure":[102],"healthcare":[103],"services":[104],"for":[105,117,206],"disease":[106],"prediction":[107,207,229],"computing.":[110],"Diabetes":[111],"cardio":[113,151],"diseases":[114,152],"are":[115,153,190],"considered":[116],"prediction.":[118],"Initially,":[119],"patient":[121,145],"health":[122,146],"collected":[125],"from":[126,181],"Nodes":[128],"Blockchain.":[133],"novel":[135],"rule-based":[136],"clustering":[137,200],"algorithm":[138],"initially":[140],"applied":[141],"cluster":[143],"records.":[147],"Finally,":[148],"diabetic":[149],"predicted":[154],"using":[155],"feature":[156],"selection":[157],"based":[158,199],"adaptive":[159],"neuro-fuzzy":[160],"inference":[161],"system":[162],"(FS-ANFIS).":[163],"To":[164],"evaluate":[165],"performance":[167,195],"proposed":[170,215,222],"work,":[171],"an":[172],"extensive":[173],"experiment":[174],"analysis":[176],"were":[177],"conducted":[178],"real":[183],"world":[184],"healthcare.":[185],"Purity":[186],"NMI":[188],"metrics":[189],"analyze":[193],"rule":[198],"accuracy":[203,230],"performance.":[208],"experimental":[210],"results":[211],"show":[212],"that":[213],"work":[216,223],"efficiently":[217],"predicts":[218],"disease.":[220],"reaches":[224],"more":[225],"81%":[227],"compared":[231],"other":[234],"neural":[235],"network":[236],"algorithms.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2021-03-29T00:00:00"}
