{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3137965339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2021.e00533","title":"Postmortem evaluation of accelerated rate of raveling of in-service asphalt pavements in arid climatic conditions-case of Kuwait","display_name":"Postmortem evaluation of accelerated rate of raveling of in-service asphalt pavements in arid climatic conditions-case of Kuwait","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3137965339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2021.e00533","mag":"3137965339"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.cscm.2021.e00533","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2021.e00533","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2021.e00533","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214509521000486/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764881959","display_name":"Case Studies in Construction Materials","issn_l":"2214-5095","issn":["2214-5095"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Case Studies in Construction Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214509521000486/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007205988","display_name":"Taha Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1970-1694","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1970-1694"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67042835","display_name":"Australian University, Kuwait","ror":"https://ror.org/02029th93","country_code":"KW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67042835"]}],"countries":["KW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Taha Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Civil Engineering Department, Australian College of Kuwait, P.O. Box 1411, Safat, 13015, Kuwait"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1970-1694","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Civil Engineering Department, Australian College of Kuwait, P.O. Box 1411, Safat, 13015, Kuwait","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67042835"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112071286","display_name":"Elie Y. Hajj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8568-6360","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8568-6360"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134113660","display_name":"University of Nevada, Reno","ror":"https://ror.org/01keh0577","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elie Y. Hajj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV, 89557, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV, 89557, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017796276","display_name":"Ahmed Warrag","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134113660","display_name":"University of Nevada, Reno","ror":"https://ror.org/01keh0577","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Warrag","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV, 89557, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV, 89557, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041371449","display_name":"Murugaiyah Piratheepan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3302-4856","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3302-4856"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134113660","display_name":"University of Nevada, Reno","ror":"https://ror.org/01keh0577","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Murugaiyah Piratheepan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Scientist, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV, 89557, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3302-4856","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Scientist, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV, 89557, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007205988"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67042835"],"apc_list":{"value":600,"currency":"USD","value_usd":600},"apc_paid":{"value":600,"currency":"USD","value_usd":600},"fwci":1.4761,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78700956,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"e00533","last_page":"e00533"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10264","display_name":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10264","display_name":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13236","display_name":"Geotechnical and construction materials studies","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13140","display_name":"Materials Engineering and Processing","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arid-climate","display_name":"arid climate","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asphalt-aging","display_name":"asphalt aging","score":0.5099999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxidative-aging","display_name":"oxidative aging","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moisture-damage-resistance","display_name":"moisture damage resistance","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rutting","display_name":"rutting","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aggregate-binder-adhesion","display_name":"binder-aggregate adhesion","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stripping","display_name":"stripping","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pavement-distress","display_name":"pavement distress","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performance-grading","display_name":"performance grading","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pavement-cores","display_name":"pavement cores","score":0.5139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kuwait","display_name":"Kuwait","score":0.4300000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76893819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q596937","display_name":"Rut","level":3,"score":0.8537474274635315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168056786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202251","display_name":"Asphalt","level":2,"score":0.8414983749389648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150772632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1330709","display_name":"Arid","level":2,"score":0.6601958870887756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5646745562553406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986189917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049667","display_name":"Asphalt pavement","level":3,"score":0.5324958562850952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5250213742256165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103208741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1675349","display_name":"Service life","level":2,"score":0.4611831307411194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77595967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3151013","display_name":"Forensic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3248674273490906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.20951947569847107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.20701223611831665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2042657732963562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.18384447693824768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.cscm.2021.e00533","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2021.e00533","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2021.e00533","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214509521000486/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764881959","display_name":"Case Studies in Construction Materials","issn_l":"2214-5095","issn":["2214-5095"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Case Studies in Construction Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ca93fcfdf1c84df68611259cd34b477c","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ca93fcfdf1c84df68611259cd34b477c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Case Studies in Construction Materials, Vol 14, Iss , Pp e00533- (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.cscm.2021.e00533","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2021.e00533","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2021.e00533","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214509521000486/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764881959","display_name":"Case Studies in Construction Materials","issn_l":"2214-5095","issn":["2214-5095"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Case Studies in Construction Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4943999946117401,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1580450366","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PR18-15EV-06","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321818","funder_display_name":"Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321818","display_name":"Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03xr9q522"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3137965339.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3137965339.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W63890331","https://openalex.org/W134012649","https://openalex.org/W849645734","https://openalex.org/W1510318180","https://openalex.org/W2073134410","https://openalex.org/W2101108516","https://openalex.org/W2298761328","https://openalex.org/W2485181939","https://openalex.org/W2765684754","https://openalex.org/W3044513267","https://openalex.org/W4234775307","https://openalex.org/W4256650139"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3108019057","https://openalex.org/W4380488150","https://openalex.org/W4382752212","https://openalex.org/W6889727370","https://openalex.org/W1918179029","https://openalex.org/W2795797749","https://openalex.org/W301166222","https://openalex.org/W3201554265","https://openalex.org/W7165170802","https://openalex.org/W2765684754"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,32],"research":[1],"study":[2,33],"aimed":[3],"to":[4,42,47,75,103,135,153,163],"assess":[5],"the":[6,15,23,39,44,50,55,77,82,92,166,173,206,215,223,227,231],"cause(s)":[7],"of":[8,11,25,59,81,172,185],"accelerated":[9],"rate":[10],"raveling":[12,52,240],"observed":[13],"in":[14,54,235,242],"in-service":[16,194],"asphalt":[17,114,175,216,232],"pavements":[18,27],"and":[19,106,112,117,156,168,188,209,230,239],"its":[20],"impact":[21],"on":[22],"performance":[24,118,219],"these":[26],"under":[28],"arid":[29,56,207],"climatic":[30,57],"conditions.":[31],"is":[34],"a":[35,160,236],"step":[36],"forward":[37],"towards":[38],"overall":[40],"effort":[41],"determine":[43],"best":[45],"practice":[46],"deal":[48],"with":[49,214],"premature":[51],"problem":[53,241],"conditions":[58,212],"Kuwait.":[60,243],"Five":[61],"raveled":[62],"pavement":[63,78,84,93,122,129],"sections":[64,94,130,148,180],"were":[65,73,89,131],"identified":[66],"for":[67,95,191],"this":[68],"study.":[69],"Pavement":[70],"distress":[71,123],"surveys":[72],"conducted":[74],"estimate":[76],"condition":[79],"indices":[80],"selected":[83],"sections.":[85],"Additionally,":[86],"several":[87],"cores":[88],"extracted":[90,108,174],"from":[91],"postmortem":[96],"investigation.":[97],"The":[98,121],"laboratory":[99],"evaluation":[100],"included":[101],"resistance":[102,152],"moisture":[104,154],"damage":[105,155],"rutting,":[107],"aggregate":[109,228],"sieve":[110],"analysis,":[111],"recovered":[113],"binder":[115,217,233],"penetration":[116,169],"grading":[119],"(PG).":[120],"survey":[124],"results":[125,143,171],"showed":[126,177],"that":[127,145,178,205],"all":[128,147,179,198],"significantly":[132,138,150,182,221],"deteriorated":[133],"due":[134],"raveling,":[136],"indicating":[137,159],"poor":[139,218],"performances.":[140],"Laboratory":[141],"test":[142,170,199],"showed,":[144],"almost":[146],"exhibited":[149,181],"low":[151],"permanent":[157],"deformation,":[158],"high":[161,183],"susceptibility":[162],"raveling.":[164],"Furthermore,":[165],"PG":[167],"binders":[176],"levels":[184],"oxidative":[186],"aging":[187],"deterioration":[189],"rates":[190],"their":[192],"respective":[193],"ages.":[195],"By":[196],"combining":[197],"results,":[200],"it":[201],"can":[202],"be":[203],"concluded":[204],"weather":[208],"heavy":[210],"traffic":[211],"associated":[213],"have":[220],"weakened":[222],"adhesion":[224],"bond":[225],"between":[226],"particles":[229],"resulting":[234],"major":[237],"stripping":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2021-03-29T00:00:00"}
