{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3137601410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063040","title":"Climate-Smart Adaptations and Government Extension Partnerships for Sustainable Milpa Farming Systems in Mayan Communities of Southern Belize","display_name":"Climate-Smart Adaptations and Government Extension Partnerships for Sustainable Milpa Farming Systems in Mayan Communities of Southern Belize","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3137601410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063040","mag":"3137601410"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/su13063040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063040","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063040","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/6/3040/pdf?version=1615448152","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/6/3040/pdf?version=1615448152","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038918497","display_name":"Kristin Drexler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6944-799X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6944-799X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23821868","display_name":"American Public University System","ror":"https://ror.org/02890tv09","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23821868"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kristin Drexler","raw_affiliation_strings":["American Public University System, Charles Town, WV 25414, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American Public University System, Charles Town, WV 25414, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23821868"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038918497"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23821868"],"apc_list":{"value":1900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2052},"apc_paid":{"value":1900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2052},"fwci":1.3999,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80067028,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"6","first_page":"3040","last_page":"3040"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10439","display_name":"Climate change impacts on agriculture","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10439","display_name":"Climate change impacts on agriculture","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13478","display_name":"Agricultural Development and Management","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10367","display_name":"Agricultural Innovations and Practices","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-smart-agriculture","display_name":"climate-smart agriculture","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maya-communities","display_name":"Maya communities","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/southern-belize","display_name":"southern Belize","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-security","display_name":"food security","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/livelihood-security","display_name":"livelihood security","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change-adaptation","display_name":"climate change adaptation","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mulching","display_name":"mulching","score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-nutrient-enrichment","display_name":"soil nutrient enrichment","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-cover","display_name":"soil cover","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/farming-system-resilience","display_name":"farming system resilience","score":0.5350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-barriers","display_name":"institutional barriers","score":0.4580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-ecological-systems","display_name":"social-ecological systems","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subsistence-agriculture","display_name":"subsistence farming","score":0.4690000116825104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156005406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2787508","display_name":"Subsistence agriculture","level":3,"score":0.7391840219497681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C549605437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1229911","display_name":"Food security","level":3,"score":0.6492522358894348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.6200344562530518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3987366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6658164","display_name":"Livelihood","level":3,"score":0.6182270646095276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.5810679197311401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5256857872009277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54286561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397350","display_name":"Agroforestry","level":1,"score":0.48567354679107666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198428699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334780","display_name":"Environmental degradation","level":2,"score":0.43283721804618835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113052830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3497778","display_name":"Land degradation","level":3,"score":0.4305681884288788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.42887312173843384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.42307645082473755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.41382527351379395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3805779814720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.33002108335494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.25623631477355957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.16006678342819214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/su13063040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063040","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063040","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/6/3040/pdf?version=1615448152","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:6:p:3040-:d:514461","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/6/3040/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/su13063040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063040","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063040","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/6/3040/pdf?version=1615448152","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.991100013256073,"display_name":"Zero hunger"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.8125,"display_name":"Life on land"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.75,"display_name":"Climate action"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3137601410.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3137601410.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2873367","https://openalex.org/W110374596","https://openalex.org/W768260550","https://openalex.org/W1490446013","https://openalex.org/W1517640814","https://openalex.org/W1523011135","https://openalex.org/W1537331977","https://openalex.org/W1540110233","https://openalex.org/W1974573094","https://openalex.org/W1993208033","https://openalex.org/W1995936511","https://openalex.org/W1998456060","https://openalex.org/W2009091204","https://openalex.org/W2010810052","https://openalex.org/W2014246487","https://openalex.org/W2034994370","https://openalex.org/W2058413729","https://openalex.org/W2059307109","https://openalex.org/W2065274856","https://openalex.org/W2066295877","https://openalex.org/W2070748201","https://openalex.org/W2072686567","https://openalex.org/W2074089230","https://openalex.org/W2086673082","https://openalex.org/W2087608701","https://openalex.org/W2100321850","https://openalex.org/W2100400081","https://openalex.org/W2110135240","https://openalex.org/W2113355006","https://openalex.org/W2121533413","https://openalex.org/W2143675361","https://openalex.org/W2146658949","https://openalex.org/W2148907477","https://openalex.org/W2149482661","https://openalex.org/W2153640166","https://openalex.org/W2257290203","https://openalex.org/W2278007897","https://openalex.org/W2291715071","https://openalex.org/W2292437920","https://openalex.org/W2344602394","https://openalex.org/W2463398047","https://openalex.org/W2480533574","https://openalex.org/W2491368660","https://openalex.org/W2537898589","https://openalex.org/W2538002795","https://openalex.org/W2556988758","https://openalex.org/W2592081903","https://openalex.org/W2611164340","https://openalex.org/W2621102326","https://openalex.org/W2736394709","https://openalex.org/W2736697723","https://openalex.org/W2750970844","https://openalex.org/W2792819723","https://openalex.org/W2796259751","https://openalex.org/W2808018527","https://openalex.org/W2925096642","https://openalex.org/W2930583785","https://openalex.org/W2948714798","https://openalex.org/W3010781899","https://openalex.org/W3195111658","https://openalex.org/W4239240650","https://openalex.org/W4249783079","https://openalex.org/W4250031322","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6601747193","https://openalex.org/W6982552294"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4309586624","https://openalex.org/W3010781899","https://openalex.org/W3154524287","https://openalex.org/W2736394709","https://openalex.org/W7053469423","https://openalex.org/W7008882251","https://openalex.org/W2891886671","https://openalex.org/W4383506218","https://openalex.org/W7219051593","https://openalex.org/W7146968111"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"are":[1,173,186],"disproportionate":[2],"adverse":[3],"impacts":[4],"related":[5],"to":[6,70,168,191,202],"climate":[7,169],"change":[8],"on":[9,21],"rural":[10],"subsistence":[11],"farmers":[12,89],"in":[13,64,93,135,159,179,188,199,212],"southern":[14,94,213],"Belize,":[15,126],"Central":[16],"America":[17],"who":[18],"depend":[19],"directly":[20],"natural":[22],"resources":[23],"for":[24,49,116,209],"their":[25,183],"food":[26,47,205],"and":[27,46,81,90,108,140,166,176,195,206],"livelihood":[28,207],"security.":[29],"Promoting":[30],"a":[31,55,122],"more":[32,156],"resilient":[33],"farming":[34,52,149],"system":[35,102,164],"with":[36,86],"key":[37],"climate-smart":[38],"agriculture":[39],"(CSA)":[40],"adaptations":[41],"can":[42,127,154],"improve":[43],"productivity,":[44],"sustainability,":[45,165],"security":[48,208],"Mayan":[50],"milpa":[51,59,88,162,210],"communities.":[53],"Once":[54],"sustainable":[56],"system,":[57],"the":[58,65,114],"has":[60],"become":[61],"less":[62],"reliable":[63],"last":[66],"half":[67],"century":[68],"due":[69],"hydroclimatic":[71],"changes":[72],"(i.e.,":[73],"droughts,":[74],"flooding,":[75],"hurricanes),":[76],"forest":[77],"loss,":[78],"soil":[79,137,141],"degradation,":[80],"other":[82],"factors.":[83],"Using":[84],"interviews":[85],"both":[87],"Extension":[91,180,193],"officers":[92],"Belize.":[95,214],"This":[96],"qualitative":[97],"study":[98,190],"finds":[99],"several":[100,174],"socio-ecological":[101],"linkages":[103],"of":[104,125],"environmental,":[105],"economic,":[106],"socio-cultural,":[107],"adaptive":[109],"technology":[110],"factors,":[111],"which":[112,181],"influence":[113,204],"capacity":[115],"increasing":[117],"CSA":[118,130,152,200],"practices.":[119],"Agriculture":[120],"Extension,":[121],"government":[123],"service":[124],"facilitate":[128,155],"effective":[129],"adaptations,":[131],"specifically,":[132],"an":[133,197],"increase":[134,198],"mulching,":[136],"nutrient":[138],"enrichment,":[139],"cover,":[142],"while":[143],"working":[144],"as":[145],"partners":[146],"within":[147],"Maya":[148],"traditions.":[150],"These":[151],"practices":[153,201],"equitable":[157],"increases":[158],"crop":[160],"production,":[161],"farm":[163],"resilience":[167],"change.":[170],"However,":[171],"there":[172],"institutional":[175],"operational":[177],"barriers":[178,194],"challenge":[182],"efficacy.":[184],"Recommendations":[185],"presented":[187],"this":[189],"reduce":[192],"promote":[196],"positively":[203],"communities":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2021-03-29T00:00:00"}
