{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3137600511","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049.2021.1903572","title":"Measuring land deformation in a mega city Karachi-Pakistan with sentinel SAR interferometry","display_name":"Measuring land deformation in a mega city Karachi-Pakistan with sentinel SAR interferometry","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3137600511","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049.2021.1903572","mag":"3137600511"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10106049.2021.1903572","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049.2021.1903572","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049.2021.1903572","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106004775","display_name":"Geocarto International","issn_l":"1010-6049","issn":["1010-6049","1752-0762"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Geocarto International","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010660981","display_name":"Gomal Amin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1700-115X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1700-115X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gomal Amin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aga Khan Agency for Habitat (AKAH), Islamabad, Pakistan","Earth & Atmospheric Remote Sensing Lab (EARL), Department of Meteorology, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aga Khan Agency for Habitat (AKAH), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Earth & Atmospheric Remote Sensing Lab (EARL), Department of Meteorology, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021382865","display_name":"Muhammad Imran Shahzad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3795-9832","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3795-9832"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Imran Shahzad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Earth & Atmospheric Remote Sensing Lab (EARL), Department of Meteorology, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3795-9832","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Earth & Atmospheric Remote Sensing Lab (EARL), Department of Meteorology, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000198396","display_name":"Sundas Jaweria","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800666866","display_name":"Government of Pakistan","ror":"https://ror.org/00pnp4y96","country_code":"PK","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800666866"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sundas Jaweria","raw_affiliation_strings":["Earth & Atmospheric Remote Sensing Lab (EARL), Department of Meteorology, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan","Ministry of Climate Change (MoCC), Government of Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Earth & Atmospheric Remote Sensing Lab (EARL), Department of Meteorology, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Climate Change (MoCC), Government of Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800666866"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032285282","display_name":"Ibrahim Zia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7771-1260","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7771-1260"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405256080","display_name":"National Institute of Oceanography, Pakistan","ror":"https://ror.org/03rcw8h21","country_code":"PK","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800666866","https://openalex.org/I4392738160","https://openalex.org/I4405256080"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahim Zia","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), Karachi, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405256080"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021382865"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"],"apc_list":{"value":3265,"currency":"AUD","value_usd":2390},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6566,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80672931,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"17","first_page":"4974","last_page":"4993"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-subsidence","display_name":"land subsidence","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-deformation","display_name":"ground deformation","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/karachi","display_name":"Karachi","score":0.5889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dinsar","display_name":"DInSAR","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentinel-1a","display_name":"Sentinel-1A","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vertical-displacement","display_name":"vertical displacement","score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uplift","display_name":"uplift","score":0.4970000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reclaimed-land","display_name":"reclaimed land","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urbanization","display_name":"urbanization","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/groundwater-extraction","display_name":"groundwater pumping","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tectonic-uplift","display_name":"tectonic uplift","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/building-collapse","display_name":"building collapse","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coastal-megacities","display_name":"coastal megacities","score":0.4880000054836273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180851071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849953","display_name":"Subsidence","level":3,"score":0.5257676243782043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39853841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161078","display_name":"Urbanization","level":2,"score":0.5108518004417419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4898504912853241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22286887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666056","display_name":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar","level":3,"score":0.48303160071372986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166689943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850283","display_name":"Interferometry","level":2,"score":0.43606239557266235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.428035169839859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.40631917119026184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.3997564911842346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.3489672541618347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.32496654987335205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.26331961154937744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.21896150708198547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109007969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749565","display_name":"Structural basin","level":2,"score":0.21518078446388245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/10106049.2021.1903572","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049.2021.1903572","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049.2021.1903572","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106004775","display_name":"Geocarto International","issn_l":"1010-6049","issn":["1010-6049","1752-0762"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Geocarto International","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"},{"score":0.4943999946117401,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"},{"score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W80541942","https://openalex.org/W1638127209","https://openalex.org/W1972797357","https://openalex.org/W1976582820","https://openalex.org/W1976657678","https://openalex.org/W1979230542","https://openalex.org/W1984670836","https://openalex.org/W1998584674","https://openalex.org/W2001278639","https://openalex.org/W2006898961","https://openalex.org/W2009528647","https://openalex.org/W2017493692","https://openalex.org/W2022581717","https://openalex.org/W2024521828","https://openalex.org/W2025494752","https://openalex.org/W2027017100","https://openalex.org/W2032147567","https://openalex.org/W2033376577","https://openalex.org/W2037410600","https://openalex.org/W2059405407","https://openalex.org/W2064723442","https://openalex.org/W2066427975","https://openalex.org/W2072216038","https://openalex.org/W2086466356","https://openalex.org/W2114731221","https://openalex.org/W2116501397","https://openalex.org/W2123632763","https://openalex.org/W2131434734","https://openalex.org/W2134988980","https://openalex.org/W2152189873","https://openalex.org/W2156323367","https://openalex.org/W2174009612","https://openalex.org/W2178500135","https://openalex.org/W2192249243","https://openalex.org/W2366613090","https://openalex.org/W2550947276","https://openalex.org/W2590588136","https://openalex.org/W2615621089","https://openalex.org/W2768068718","https://openalex.org/W2768880963","https://openalex.org/W2770007439","https://openalex.org/W2772030339","https://openalex.org/W2782613375","https://openalex.org/W2782924445","https://openalex.org/W2784838760","https://openalex.org/W2792509383","https://openalex.org/W2801223153","https://openalex.org/W2883610693","https://openalex.org/W2883890685","https://openalex.org/W2886659170","https://openalex.org/W2889156065","https://openalex.org/W2890544275","https://openalex.org/W2899990027","https://openalex.org/W2901619539","https://openalex.org/W2910632842","https://openalex.org/W2911160323","https://openalex.org/W2917275437","https://openalex.org/W2972562705","https://openalex.org/W2999691420","https://openalex.org/W2999896168","https://openalex.org/W3007504460","https://openalex.org/W3009479769","https://openalex.org/W4253724686","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4220688273","https://openalex.org/W7208396435","https://openalex.org/W3210414141","https://openalex.org/W2952715286","https://openalex.org/W2901619539","https://openalex.org/W4411963001","https://openalex.org/W7163518020","https://openalex.org/W4366679945","https://openalex.org/W3094184002","https://openalex.org/W4408701759"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"incorporates":[2],"European":[3],"Space":[4],"Agency":[5],"(ESA)":[6],"C-band":[7],"Sentinel-1a":[8],"data":[9],"to":[10,54,105,119,145],"evaluate":[11],"and":[12,18,76,125],"identify":[13],"land":[14,20,84,135],"deformation":[15,136],"in":[16,41,88,97],"natural":[17],"reclaimed":[19,106],"of":[21,65,90,142],"coastal":[22],"city":[23],"Karachi,":[24],"Pakistan":[25],"on":[26],"a":[27],"multi-temporal":[28],"scale":[29],"(2014\u20122018)":[30],"using":[31],"Differential":[32],"Interferometric":[33],"Synthetic":[34],"Aperture":[35],"Radar":[36],"(DInSAR)":[37],"analysis.":[38],"Average":[39],"displacement":[40,51],"LOS":[42],"was":[43,52,95,112],"between":[44],"\u221278.81\u201242.97":[45],"mm,":[46],"whereas,":[47],"the":[48,115],"average":[49],"vertical":[50],"179.74":[53],"\u221285.05":[55],"mm.":[56],"Few":[57],"areas":[58,101,107],"have":[59],"shown":[60,82],"an":[61],"alarming":[62],"annual":[63],"subsidence":[64,85,94],"\u221221.26":[66],"mm/year.":[67],"Korangi":[68],"industrial":[69,98],"area":[70,80],"(\u221234.34":[71],"mm),":[72],"Liaquatabad":[73],"(\u22121.88":[74],"mm)":[75,79,103],"SITE":[77],"(\u22122.93":[78],"has":[81],"significant":[83],"that":[86],"resulted":[87],"collapse":[89],"few":[91],"buildings.":[92],"Maximum":[93],"observed":[96,113],"cum":[99],"residential":[100],"(\u221285.05":[102],"compared":[104],"(\u221233.69":[108],"mm).":[109],"Major":[110],"uplifting":[111],"along":[114],"Kirthar":[116],"range":[117],"due":[118],"various":[120],"tectonic":[121],"activities":[122],"Rapid":[123],"urbanization":[124],"excessive":[126],"groundwater":[127],"abstraction":[128],"are":[129],"identified":[130],"as":[131],"main":[132],"reasons":[133],"for":[134],"leading":[137],"which":[138],"requires":[139],"in-depth":[140],"attention":[141],"policy":[143],"makers":[144],"insure":[146],"sustainable":[147],"urban":[148],"development.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2021-03-29T00:00:00"}
