{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3137125456","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327051hci0204_3","title":"A Cognitive Model and Computer Tutor for Programming Recursion","display_name":"A Cognitive Model and Computer Tutor for Programming Recursion","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3137125456","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327051hci0204_3","mag":"3137125456"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1207/s15327051hci0204_3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327051hci0204_3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327051hci0204_3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2481449237","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"0737-0024","issn":["0737-0024","1532-7051"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-scientific","ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-b","fnege-3","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054775817","display_name":"Peter L. T. Pirolli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9018-4880","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9018-4880"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peter Pirolli","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054775817"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7501,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92920489,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"4","first_page":"319","last_page":"355"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.5679000020027161,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.5679000020027161,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.4246000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.003599999938160181,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recursion","display_name":"recursion","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-education","display_name":"programming education","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-tutoring-systems","display_name":"intelligent tutoring systems","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-models","display_name":"cognitive models","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/production-systems","display_name":"production systems","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lisp-programming","display_name":"Lisp programming","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analogical-problem-solving","display_name":"analogical problem solving","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-compilation","display_name":"knowledge compilation","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/misconceptions","display_name":"misconceptions","score":0.7570000290870667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190883126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132874","display_name":"Lisp","level":2,"score":0.9051463603973389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7679504752159119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168773036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264164","display_name":"Recursion (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.7383921146392822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778371403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7672049","display_name":"TUTOR","level":2,"score":0.6788444519042969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5880745649337769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779353305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849146","display_name":"Common Lisp","level":3,"score":0.4987611770629883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161301231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3478658","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","level":2,"score":0.4567561745643616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3783404529094696}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1207/s15327051hci0204_3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327051hci0204_3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327051hci0204_3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2481449237","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"0737-0024","issn":["0737-0024","1532-7051"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-scientific","ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-b","fnege-3","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9235000014305115,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.8600000143051147,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W74704794","https://openalex.org/W326428741","https://openalex.org/W1488133941","https://openalex.org/W1529340823","https://openalex.org/W1614951952","https://openalex.org/W1707104629","https://openalex.org/W1708874574","https://openalex.org/W1968466673","https://openalex.org/W1969640700","https://openalex.org/W1973925773","https://openalex.org/W1991691398","https://openalex.org/W2014127188","https://openalex.org/W2014132843","https://openalex.org/W2016900109","https://openalex.org/W2021858614","https://openalex.org/W2029656747","https://openalex.org/W2041405793","https://openalex.org/W2044754442","https://openalex.org/W2054379657","https://openalex.org/W2064430731","https://openalex.org/W2074731714","https://openalex.org/W2108863540","https://openalex.org/W2117336060","https://openalex.org/W2136208491","https://openalex.org/W2139400773","https://openalex.org/W2151559524","https://openalex.org/W2170716495","https://openalex.org/W2172010324","https://openalex.org/W2747632778","https://openalex.org/W3206292611","https://openalex.org/W4253804874","https://openalex.org/W4256465550","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6637636544","https://openalex.org/W6648519924","https://openalex.org/W6676377746","https://openalex.org/W7055182753"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W638884614","https://openalex.org/W106843820","https://openalex.org/W1897585469","https://openalex.org/W1903118409","https://openalex.org/W2093670687","https://openalex.org/W2014016379","https://openalex.org/W1604928976","https://openalex.org/W2074021420","https://openalex.org/W3174990473","https://openalex.org/W3127804630"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"discusses":[2],"cognitive":[3,29,68],"models":[4,30,107,128],"of":[5,45,56,61,76,97,108,139],"learning":[6,62],"to":[7,13,80,104,112,131],"program":[8,78],"recursion":[9,16],"and":[10,50,95,99,116,129,149],"their":[11],"relation":[12],"lessons":[14],"on":[15],"in":[17,36,66],"an":[18],"intelligent":[19],"computer":[20],"tutor":[21],"for":[22],"LISP":[23,26,123,141],"programming":[24,38,46,57,101,110],"(the":[25],"Tutor).":[27],"The":[28,122],"are":[31,64],"implemented":[32],"as":[33,42],"production":[34],"systems":[35],"which":[37],"skill":[39],"is":[40,146],"characterized":[41],"the":[43,54,67,109,126,140],"decomposition":[44],"goals":[47],"into":[48,90],"subgoals":[49],"elementary":[51],"actions":[52],"via":[53],"application":[55],"plans.":[58],"Two":[59],"sets":[60],"mechanisms":[63,72,86],"used":[65,103],"models.":[69],"Analogical":[70],"problem-solving":[71,82,92],"use":[73],"declarative":[74],"knowledge":[75,111],"example":[77],"solutions":[79,89],"overcome":[81],"impasses.":[83],"Knowledge":[84],"compilation":[85],"summarize":[87],"problem":[88],"efficient":[91,148],"skill.":[93],"Analyses":[94],"simulations":[96],"novice":[98],"expert":[100],"were":[102],"develop":[105],"ideal":[106,127],"confer":[113],"upon":[114],"students":[115],"bugs":[117,130],"that":[118,144],"characterize":[119],"common":[120],"misconceptions.":[121],"Tutor":[124,142],"uses":[125],"guide":[132],"its":[133],"interactions":[134],"with":[135],"students.":[136],"Experimental":[137],"evaluations":[138],"indicate":[143],"it":[145],"more":[147],"effective":[150],"than":[151],"classroom":[152],"instruction.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
