{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3136982365","doi":null,"title":"A study of the Green Paradox in dynamic oligopolies : theories and merger control policy","display_name":"A study of the Green Paradox in dynamic oligopolies : theories and merger control policy","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3136982365","mag":"3136982365"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:commons.ln.edu.hk:otd-1063","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd/63","pdf_url":"https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd/63","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196536","display_name":"Digital Commons - Lingnan (Lingnan University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I165488957","host_organization_name":"Lingnan University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165488957"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Lingnan Theses (MPhil & PhD)","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd/63","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020698907","display_name":"Aida Ospanova","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aida Ospanova","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020698907"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11043","display_name":"Merger and Competition Analysis","score":0.9272000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11043","display_name":"Merger and Competition Analysis","score":0.9272000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10471","display_name":"Climate Change Policy and Economics","score":0.03970000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12639","display_name":"Global Energy and Sustainability Research","score":0.008700000122189522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/green-paradox","display_name":"green paradox","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fossil-fuel-extraction","display_name":"fossil fuel extraction","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/merger-control","display_name":"merger control","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oligopoly","display_name":"oligopoly","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-structure","display_name":"market structure","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/horizontal-product-differentiation","display_name":"horizontal product differentiation","score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subgame-perfect-equilibrium","display_name":"subgame perfect equilibrium","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-degradation","display_name":"environmental degradation","score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-welfare-welfare-economics","display_name":"social welfare (welfare economics)","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monopoly","display_name":"monopoly","score":0.3799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duopoly","display_name":"duopoly","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-stock","display_name":"resource stock","score":0.47099998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/negative-externalities","display_name":"negative externalities","score":0.4230000078678131}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121398111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103639","display_name":"Oligopoly","level":3,"score":0.7381477355957031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5569086670875549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.485012024641037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.455172598361969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.36480939388275146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118084267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26110","display_name":"Positive economics","level":1,"score":0.3457886576652527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133425853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60571","display_name":"Neoclassical economics","level":1,"score":0.3428894877433777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.3356934189796448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16520705","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q601799","display_name":"Cournot competition","level":2,"score":0.12395873665809631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.08959084749221802}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:commons.ln.edu.hk:otd-1063","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd/63","pdf_url":"https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd/63","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196536","display_name":"Digital Commons - Lingnan (Lingnan University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I165488957","host_organization_name":"Lingnan University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165488957"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Lingnan Theses (MPhil & PhD)","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3136982365","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://commons.ln.edu.hk/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1063&context=otd","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:commons.ln.edu.hk:otd-1063","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd/63","pdf_url":"https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd/63","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196536","display_name":"Digital Commons - Lingnan (Lingnan University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I165488957","host_organization_name":"Lingnan University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165488957"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Lingnan Theses (MPhil & PhD)","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.878000020980835,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"},{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.685699999332428,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3136982365.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3136982365.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":93,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W120351059","https://openalex.org/W564861119","https://openalex.org/W1123713787","https://openalex.org/W1485676192","https://openalex.org/W1541185770","https://openalex.org/W1927846222","https://openalex.org/W1951353745","https://openalex.org/W1964639500","https://openalex.org/W1965035082","https://openalex.org/W1970284094","https://openalex.org/W1970486807","https://openalex.org/W1973470126","https://openalex.org/W1975761133","https://openalex.org/W1978068310","https://openalex.org/W1984106325","https://openalex.org/W1985192327","https://openalex.org/W1991017227","https://openalex.org/W1996424472","https://openalex.org/W1996498720","https://openalex.org/W1996928992","https://openalex.org/W1998830031","https://openalex.org/W2002272572","https://openalex.org/W2016032160","https://openalex.org/W2017787070","https://openalex.org/W2024659156","https://openalex.org/W2028442220","https://openalex.org/W2029581112","https://openalex.org/W2034354374","https://openalex.org/W2038645309","https://openalex.org/W2041307800","https://openalex.org/W2042473126","https://openalex.org/W2043041947","https://openalex.org/W2047159016","https://openalex.org/W2051417543","https://openalex.org/W2055205449","https://openalex.org/W2064120345","https://openalex.org/W2065459890","https://openalex.org/W2068944041","https://openalex.org/W2068963615","https://openalex.org/W2070796390","https://openalex.org/W2079059094","https://openalex.org/W2087308246","https://openalex.org/W2087887012","https://openalex.org/W2088224259","https://openalex.org/W2089544996","https://openalex.org/W2097670027","https://openalex.org/W2109890836","https://openalex.org/W2119440794","https://openalex.org/W2129284135","https://openalex.org/W2135658110","https://openalex.org/W2144013955","https://openalex.org/W2148092672","https://openalex.org/W2149204784","https://openalex.org/W2149557740","https://openalex.org/W2162442540","https://openalex.org/W2169543656","https://openalex.org/W2266606699","https://openalex.org/W2506068398","https://openalex.org/W2507169788","https://openalex.org/W2517751574","https://openalex.org/W2520214798","https://openalex.org/W2584725717","https://openalex.org/W2607414626","https://openalex.org/W2734269374","https://openalex.org/W2751716476","https://openalex.org/W2753777394","https://openalex.org/W2766914298","https://openalex.org/W2767799137","https://openalex.org/W2884033273","https://openalex.org/W2892024428","https://openalex.org/W2894593338","https://openalex.org/W2897919771","https://openalex.org/W2902703182","https://openalex.org/W2912318454","https://openalex.org/W3121164579","https://openalex.org/W3121453939","https://openalex.org/W3121455147","https://openalex.org/W3121771579","https://openalex.org/W3122033561","https://openalex.org/W3122220504","https://openalex.org/W3122336186","https://openalex.org/W3122466764","https://openalex.org/W3123205495","https://openalex.org/W3123234488","https://openalex.org/W3123407343","https://openalex.org/W3123659494","https://openalex.org/W3124103250","https://openalex.org/W3125743621","https://openalex.org/W3125782262","https://openalex.org/W4235409131","https://openalex.org/W4237059948","https://openalex.org/W4249537365","https://openalex.org/W4301890905"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3045799060","https://openalex.org/W2096430266","https://openalex.org/W3123659494","https://openalex.org/W7213695433","https://openalex.org/W1994774716","https://openalex.org/W3123530935","https://openalex.org/W2947498776","https://openalex.org/W2611076598","https://openalex.org/W4220929627","https://openalex.org/W4385235062"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Aiming":[0],"to":[1,7,19,105,253,259,267,309,316,320,325,367,396],"reduce":[2],"the":[3,9,20,23,38,45,52,60,64,67,70,74,77,82,94,99,106,112,116,136,147,155,158,161,169,174,180,183,193,202,207,209,212,221,241,244,268,274,293,307,311,327,334,338,352,356,368,373,381,388,397,405,410],"environmental":[4,79,335],"damage":[5],"and":[6,13,73,144,179,364],"ensure":[8],"energy":[10,72,132,150,214,343,412],"security,":[11],"more":[12,14,402],"attention":[15],"has":[16,365],"been":[17],"paid":[18],"development":[21],"of":[22,26,76,115,157,160,173,182,206,211,243,286,329,355,370,375,380],"renewable":[24,131,342],"sources":[25],"energy,":[27],"such":[28,232,400],"as":[29,35],"wind,":[30],"solar,":[31],"biofuels,":[32],"etc.":[33],"Indeed,":[34],"expected":[36],"by":[37,57,87,110,392],"World":[39,41],"Bank,":[40],"Energy":[42],"Outlook":[43],"2017,":[44],"demand":[46,68],"for":[47,51,69,276,306],"fossil":[48,118,176,313,383],"fuel,":[49],"especially":[50],"coal,":[53],"would":[54,85],"gradually":[55],"decrease":[56],"2040.":[58],"However,":[59],"non-renewable":[61,71],"producers":[62],"anticipating":[63],"decline":[65],"in":[66,81,93,121,135,201,230,337,407,409],"threat":[75],"stringent":[78],"policies":[80],"foreseeing":[83],"future":[84,265],"respond":[86],"accelerating":[88],"current":[89,218,269],"extraction.":[90],"This":[91,102,348],"phenomenon":[92,159],"existing":[95,170,184,312,353],"literature":[96,109,354],"is":[97,197,272,304,344],"called":[98],"Green":[100,107,162,236,288,330,376,394],"paradox.":[101,237,377],"research":[103,281],"contributes":[104],"paradox":[108,163],"studying":[111],"strategic":[113],"behaviour":[114],"incumbent":[117,148,175,245,382],"fuel":[119,177,314,384],"firms":[120,385],"oligopoly":[122,229,248],"markets.":[123],"I":[124,152,189,290],"constructed":[125],"a":[126,140,250,277,321],"two-period":[127],"game-theoretical":[128],"model,":[129,208],"whereas,":[130],"producer":[133],"enters":[134],"second":[137],"period":[138,340],"with":[139,146],"horizontally":[141],"differentiated":[142],"product":[143],"compete":[145],"traditional":[149,411],"producer(s).":[151],"show":[153],"that":[154,191,292,399],"emergence":[156],"depends":[164],"basically":[165],"on":[166],"two":[167],"factors:":[168],"market":[171,223],"structure":[172],"firm(s)":[178],"amount":[181],"resource":[185,195],"stock.":[186],"In":[187,238],"particular,":[188],"found":[190,291],"if":[192],"initial":[194],"stock":[196],"large":[198],"enough,":[199],"then":[200],"subgame":[203],"perfect":[204],"equilibrium":[205],"entry":[210,233],"new":[213],"will":[215],"not":[216,273,345],"raise":[217],"emission":[219],"under":[220,226,247,299],"monopoly":[222,278,322],"structure,":[224],"but":[225],"duopoly":[227,315],"or":[228],"general,":[231],"might":[234,295],"provoke":[235],"other":[239,254],"words,":[240],"availability":[242],"rival(s)":[246],"generates":[249],"negative":[251],"externality":[252],"firms,":[255],"who":[256],"also":[257],"attempt":[258],"maximize":[260],"its":[261],"benefits,":[262],"when":[263,341],"shifting":[264],"exploration":[266],"stage,":[270],"which":[271,359],"case":[275],"firm.":[279],"My":[280],"further":[282],"explores":[283],"possible":[284],"ways":[285],"overcoming":[287],"Paradox.":[289],"merger":[294,319,357,379],"be":[296],"welfare":[297],"maximizing":[298],"particular":[300],"conditions,":[301],"i.e.":[302],"it":[303],"beneficial":[305],"society":[308],"allow":[310],"merge.":[317],"The":[318,378],"can":[323],"help":[324],"mitigate":[326],"problem":[328],"paradox,":[331],"thereby":[332],"reducing":[333],"damages":[336],"first":[339],"yet":[346],"available.":[347],"research,":[349],"thus,":[350],"extends":[351],"control":[358],"considers":[360],"exclusively":[361],"competition":[362,408],"issues":[363],"overlooked,":[366],"best":[369],"my":[371],"knowledge,":[372],"possibility":[374],"may":[386],"increase":[387],"long-term":[389],"social":[390],"welfare,":[391],"mitigating":[393],"Paradox":[395],"extent":[398],"benefit":[401],"than":[403],"outweighs":[404],"loss":[406],"sector.":[413]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2021-03-29T00:00:00"}