{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3136949412","doi":null,"title":"Impact of Trade Liberalization on Economic Development in Pakistan: A Co-integration Analysis","display_name":"Impact of Trade Liberalization on Economic Development in Pakistan: A Co-integration Analysis","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3136949412","mag":"3136949412"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:3136949412","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://gmjacs.bahria.edu.pk/index.php/ojs/article/view/18","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"GMJACS","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063998087","display_name":"Liaqat Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0778-7323","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0778-7323"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liaqat Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0778-7323","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090600522","display_name":"Iqbal Ahmed Panhwar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iqbal Ahmad Panhwar","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"1","first_page":"18","last_page":"18"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.9639000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.9639000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10007","display_name":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","score":0.014999999664723873,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.0071000000461936,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-liberalization","display_name":"trade liberalization","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-development","display_name":"economic development","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-development-index","display_name":"Human Development Index","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gdp-growth","display_name":"GDP growth","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inflation","display_name":"inflation","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capability-approach","display_name":"capability approach","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-policy","display_name":"trade policy","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pakistan","display_name":"Pakistan","score":0.8939999938011169}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.7685184478759766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35532855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200435","display_name":"Free trade","level":2,"score":0.6257179975509644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58823610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746418","display_name":"Liberalization","level":2,"score":0.5264735221862793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.5176099538803101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204208750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519415","display_name":"Short run","level":2,"score":0.5070469379425049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537338633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q645029","display_name":"Economic liberalization","level":3,"score":0.45783284306526184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C506295513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729438","display_name":"Economic integration","level":2,"score":0.43397724628448486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.39210838079452515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.39127716422080994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.35314232110977173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.07255133986473083}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:3136949412","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://gmjacs.bahria.edu.pk/index.php/ojs/article/view/18","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"GMJACS","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.7257999777793884}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2167136522","https://openalex.org/W4413759752","https://openalex.org/W4408239925","https://openalex.org/W4377206260","https://openalex.org/W2289339816","https://openalex.org/W2509345434","https://openalex.org/W2809618653","https://openalex.org/W2556250572","https://openalex.org/W2116512624","https://openalex.org/W2810548774"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,117],"examines":[2],"impact":[3,53,69,82,108],"of":[4,20,38,99,109,142],"trade":[5,47,110,125],"liberalization":[6,48,95,111],"on":[7,54,70,89,112],"economic":[8,39],"development":[9,113,143],"in":[10,44,61,72,83,97,114,128,150],"Pakistan":[11],"using":[12],"ARDL":[13],"bound":[14],"testing":[15],"technique":[16],"over":[17],"the":[18,45,84,139],"period":[19],"1972":[21],"to":[22,137],"2015.":[23],"Taking":[24],"inspiration":[25],"from":[26],"Sen\u2019s":[27],"\u2018capability\u2019":[28],"approach":[29],"Human":[30],"Development":[31],"Index":[32],"(HDI)":[33],"is":[34],"used":[35],"as":[36,144],"proxy":[37],"development.":[40],"Findings":[41],"reveal":[42],"that":[43,119],"long-run":[46],"has":[49,66],"significant":[50,67],"and":[51,57,75,103,133],"positive":[52,68,107],"HDI":[55,71],"(with":[56],"without":[58],"income":[59],"component)":[60],"all":[62],"specifications.":[63],"GDP":[64],"growth":[65,131],"both":[73,100],"short":[74,85],"long":[76],"run,":[77],"whereas,":[78],"inflation":[79,134],"exerted":[80],"negative":[81],"run":[86],"only.":[87],"Based":[88],"empirical":[90],"findings,":[91],"we":[92],"reject":[93],"anti-trade":[94],"argument":[96,102,105],"favor":[98],"standard":[101],"broader":[104],"for":[106],"Pakistan.":[115,151],"The":[116],"suggests":[118],"policy":[120],"makers":[121],"should":[122],"have":[123],"more":[124],"friendly":[126],"policies":[127,136],"conjunction":[129],"with":[130],"enhancing":[132],"targeting":[135],"achieve":[138],"dream":[140],"task":[141],"an":[145],"explicit":[146],"prime":[147],"macroeconomic":[148],"objective":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-25T08:18:29.962427","created_date":"2021-03-29T00:00:00"}