{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3136901737","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22271/veterinary.2021.v6.i2a.327","title":"Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis among one-hampered camels (Camelus dromedarius) in AL Butana plain, Sudan","display_name":"Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis among one-hampered camels (Camelus dromedarius) in AL Butana plain, Sudan","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3136901737","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22271/veterinary.2021.v6.i2a.327","mag":"3136901737"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.22271/veterinary.2021.v6.i2a.327","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22271/veterinary.2021.v6.i2a.327","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22271/veterinary.2021.v6.i2a.327","pdf_url":"https://www.veterinarypaper.com/pdf/2021/vol6issue2/PartA/6-1-2-642.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220167","display_name":"International Journal of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry","issn_l":"2456-2912","issn":["2456-2912"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.veterinarypaper.com/pdf/2021/vol6issue2/PartA/6-1-2-642.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027644885","display_name":"Mohammed S Mohammed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6003-8586","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6003-8586"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405285121","display_name":"University of Al-Butana","ror":"https://ror.org/04tn05w30","country_code":"SD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405285121"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78157869","display_name":"University of Gezira","ror":"https://ror.org/001mf9v16","country_code":"SD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78157869"]}],"countries":["SD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed S Mohammed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al Butana, Tamboul, Sudan","Department of Entomology,","Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Gezira, Madani, Sudan","Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Gezira, Madani, P. O. Box 20, Sudan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al Butana, Tamboul, Sudan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405285121"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Entomology,","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Gezira, Madani, Sudan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78157869"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Gezira, Madani, P. O. Box 20, Sudan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78157869"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039021004","display_name":"Mohamed A Abass Mohamed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405285121","display_name":"University of Al-Butana","ror":"https://ror.org/04tn05w30","country_code":"SD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405285121"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78157869","display_name":"University of Gezira","ror":"https://ror.org/001mf9v16","country_code":"SD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78157869"]}],"countries":["SD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed A Abass Mohamed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Entomology,","Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Gezira, Madani, Sudan","Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al Butana, Tamboul, Sudan","Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Gezira, Madani, P. O. Box 20, Sudan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Entomology,","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Gezira, Madani, Sudan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78157869"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al Butana, Tamboul, Sudan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405285121"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Gezira, Madani, P. O. Box 20, Sudan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78157869"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110327513","display_name":"Adil Ea Bala","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405285121","display_name":"University of Al-Butana","ror":"https://ror.org/04tn05w30","country_code":"SD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405285121"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78157869","display_name":"University of Gezira","ror":"https://ror.org/001mf9v16","country_code":"SD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78157869"]}],"countries":["SD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adil EA Bala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Entomology,","Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Gezira, Madani, Sudan","Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al Butana, Tamboul, Sudan","Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Gezira, Madani, P. O. Box 20, Sudan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Entomology,","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Gezira, Madani, Sudan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78157869"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al Butana, Tamboul, Sudan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405285121"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Gezira, Madani, P. O. Box 20, Sudan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78157869"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084844983","display_name":"Adam Dawoud Abakar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9115-8652","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9115-8652"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405285121","display_name":"University of Al-Butana","ror":"https://ror.org/04tn05w30","country_code":"SD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405285121"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78157869","display_name":"University of Gezira","ror":"https://ror.org/001mf9v16","country_code":"SD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78157869"]}],"countries":["SD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam D Abakar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Entomology,","Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Gezira, Madani, Sudan","Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al Butana, Tamboul, Sudan","Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Gezira, Madani, P. O. Box 20, Sudan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Entomology,","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Gezira, Madani, Sudan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78157869"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al Butana, Tamboul, Sudan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405285121"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Gezira, Madani, P. O. Box 20, Sudan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78157869"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4149,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.47330149,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"2","first_page":"04","last_page":"08"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11155","display_name":"Toxoplasma gondii Research Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2405","display_name":"Parasitology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11155","display_name":"Toxoplasma gondii Research Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2405","display_name":"Parasitology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11899","display_name":"Brucella: diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10296","display_name":"Vector-borne infectious diseases","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2405","display_name":"Parasitology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toxoplasmosis","display_name":"toxoplasmosis","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dromedary-camel","display_name":"Camelus dromedarius","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seroprevalence","display_name":"seroprevalence","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toxoplasma-gondii","display_name":"Toxoplasma gondii","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seasonal-variation","display_name":"seasonal variation","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-related-infection","display_name":"age-related infection","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-epidemiology","display_name":"disease epidemiology","score":0.6240000128746033}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778494684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511357","display_name":"Seroprevalence","level":4,"score":0.8127082586288452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42972112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170201","display_name":"Veterinary medicine","level":1,"score":0.7362611889839172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776482104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38829","display_name":"Breed","level":2,"score":0.6613807678222656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5922532677650452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112964050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103459","display_name":"Livestock","level":2,"score":0.5309177041053772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186079640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q719602","display_name":"Prevalence","level":3,"score":0.5134871602058411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.500166654586792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778062946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154878","display_name":"Toxoplasmosis","level":2,"score":0.49732545018196106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.4910118877887726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73878171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5280305","display_name":"Direct agglutination test","level":4,"score":0.49014124274253845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2951816916465759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.23761379718780518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140793950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091","display_name":"Animal science","level":1,"score":0.2030525803565979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.12824392318725586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45189115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502159","display_name":"Serology","level":3,"score":0.11110666394233704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.09832867980003357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.22271/veterinary.2021.v6.i2a.327","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22271/veterinary.2021.v6.i2a.327","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22271/veterinary.2021.v6.i2a.327","pdf_url":"https://www.veterinarypaper.com/pdf/2021/vol6issue2/PartA/6-1-2-642.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220167","display_name":"International Journal of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry","issn_l":"2456-2912","issn":["2456-2912"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.22271/veterinary.2021.v6.i2a.327","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22271/veterinary.2021.v6.i2a.327","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22271/veterinary.2021.v6.i2a.327","pdf_url":"https://www.veterinarypaper.com/pdf/2021/vol6issue2/PartA/6-1-2-642.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220167","display_name":"International Journal of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry","issn_l":"2456-2912","issn":["2456-2912"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9537000060081482,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3136901737.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3136901737.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1551983700","https://openalex.org/W1969247412","https://openalex.org/W1974451189","https://openalex.org/W2025952885","https://openalex.org/W2027723667","https://openalex.org/W2063381126","https://openalex.org/W2087658130","https://openalex.org/W2101594125","https://openalex.org/W2116319996","https://openalex.org/W2117868486","https://openalex.org/W2122213372","https://openalex.org/W2133822262","https://openalex.org/W2135195513","https://openalex.org/W2155851540","https://openalex.org/W2188590291","https://openalex.org/W2189388349","https://openalex.org/W2326747729","https://openalex.org/W2331570625","https://openalex.org/W2394657426","https://openalex.org/W2426689478","https://openalex.org/W2507275621","https://openalex.org/W2517369152","https://openalex.org/W2587983639","https://openalex.org/W2900003039","https://openalex.org/W2947688285","https://openalex.org/W2998459546","https://openalex.org/W4211253569","https://openalex.org/W4297049917","https://openalex.org/W6634787127","https://openalex.org/W6903688693"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6903550592","https://openalex.org/W2087658130","https://openalex.org/W1999780762","https://openalex.org/W4210676185","https://openalex.org/W4406627325","https://openalex.org/W7157522264","https://openalex.org/W7117581501","https://openalex.org/W4412027079","https://openalex.org/W2326769755","https://openalex.org/W3216265649"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sudan":[0],"is":[1],"the":[2,9,57,62,76,90],"second":[3],"largest":[4],"camel":[5,25],"populated":[6],"country":[7],"in":[8,89,99,113,120,133],"world.":[10],"Samples":[11],"were":[12,54],"collected":[13],"at":[14],"Great":[15],"Butana":[16],"(part":[17],"of":[18,48,64,148],"five":[19],"states)":[20],"from":[21],"four":[22],"sites:":[23],"two":[24,33,91],"markets:":[26],"Tamboul":[27],"and":[28,32,52,145,152],"Wadnimir":[29],"(Gezira":[30],"state)":[31],"Small-scale":[34],"livestock":[35],"production":[36],"(semi-intensive":[37],"management):":[38],"Showak":[39],"(Gadarif":[40],"state),":[41],"Girba":[42],"(Kasala":[43],"state).":[44],"Six":[45],"hundred":[46],"camels":[47],"different":[49],"breed,":[50],"gender":[51],"age":[53],"examined":[55],"during":[56],"three":[58],"seasons":[59],"to":[60,74],"determine":[61],"prevalence":[63,82,96,110,119],"toxoplasmosis.":[65],"Hematological":[66],"method":[67],"by":[68],"latex":[69],"agglutination":[70],"test":[71],"was":[72,87,97,112],"used":[73],"examine":[75],"venous":[77],"blood":[78],"samples.":[79],"The":[80],"overall":[81],"[180":[83],"infected":[84],"animals":[85,101],"(30%)]":[86],"higher":[88,109],"camels'":[92],"market":[93],"additionally,":[94],"high":[95,118],"reported":[98,117],"old":[100],"group.":[102],"Seasonality":[103],"has":[104],"no":[105],"significant":[106],"variation":[107],"however,":[108],"incidence":[111],"autumn.":[114],"Gender's":[115],"effect":[116],"females":[121],"than":[122],"males.":[123],"It":[124],"could":[125],"be":[126],"concluded":[127],"that":[128],"such":[129,135,149],"results":[130],"can":[131],"aid":[132],"updating":[134],"disease":[136,150],"epidemiology.":[137],"However,":[138],"further":[139],"studies":[140],"are":[141],"required":[142],"for":[143],"better":[144],"continual":[146],"evaluation":[147],"occurrence":[151],"management.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2021-03-29T00:00:00"}