{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3136840264","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2021.1891297","title":"The Liberty Mutual manual materials handling (LM-MMH) equations","display_name":"The Liberty Mutual manual materials handling (LM-MMH) equations","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3136840264","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2021.1891297","mag":"3136840264","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33729096"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/00140139.2021.1891297","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2021.1891297","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2021.1891297","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72159247","display_name":"Ergonomics","issn_l":"0014-0139","issn":["0014-0139","1366-5847"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ergonomics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2021.1891297","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058785186","display_name":"Jim R. Potvin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4389-8546","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4389-8546"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087597","display_name":"Canadian Rheumatology Association","ror":"https://ror.org/00314zp94","country_code":"CA","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087597"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405265173","display_name":"Biomatics, Inc. (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/042fp6c18","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405265173"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405272508","display_name":"Liberty Mutual Insurance (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/0490fqg27","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405272508"]}],"countries":["CA","JP","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jim R. Potvin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Liberty Mutual Insurance, Boston, MA, USA","Potvin Biomechanics Inc, Tecumseh, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Liberty Mutual Insurance, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405272508"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Potvin Biomechanics Inc, Tecumseh, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087597","https://openalex.org/I4405265173"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065260451","display_name":"Vincent M. Ciriello","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405272508","display_name":"Liberty Mutual Insurance (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/0490fqg27","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405272508"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vincent M. Ciriello","raw_affiliation_strings":["Liberty Mutual Insurance, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Liberty Mutual Insurance, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405272508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018203410","display_name":"Stover H. Snook","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405272508","display_name":"Liberty Mutual Insurance (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/0490fqg27","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405272508"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stover H. Snook","raw_affiliation_strings":["Liberty Mutual Insurance, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Liberty Mutual Insurance, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405272508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078174396","display_name":"Wayne S. Maynard","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405272508","display_name":"Liberty Mutual Insurance (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/0490fqg27","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405272508"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wayne S. Maynard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Liberty Mutual Insurance, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Liberty Mutual Insurance, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405272508"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081233414","display_name":"George Erich Brogmus","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405272508","display_name":"Liberty Mutual Insurance (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/0490fqg27","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405272508"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George E. Brogmus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Liberty Mutual Insurance, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Liberty Mutual Insurance, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405272508"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058785186"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087597","https://openalex.org/I4405265173","https://openalex.org/I4405272508"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7802,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89403038,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"64","issue":"8","first_page":"955","last_page":"970"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12006","display_name":"Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders","score":0.7929999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12006","display_name":"Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders","score":0.7929999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12138","display_name":"Occupational Health and Performance","score":0.09989999979734421,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13315","display_name":"Occupational Health and Safety in Workplaces","score":0.04390000179409981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manual-material-handling","display_name":"manual material handling","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prediction-equations","display_name":"prediction equations","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-frequency","display_name":"load frequency","score":0.3199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-height","display_name":"load height","score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pushing-and-pulling","display_name":"pushing and pulling","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carrying","display_name":"carrying","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.4970000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coefficient-of-variation","display_name":"coefficient of variation","score":0.5690000057220459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139002025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001212","display_name":"Lift (data mining)","level":2,"score":0.7935417890548706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122048520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2913954","display_name":"Percentile","level":2,"score":0.7534388303756714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.596657395362854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.5128593444824219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.49464771151542664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.487705796957016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4118492007255554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3474441468715668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.32318568229675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.17456701397895813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16412216424942017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017770","descriptor_name":"Lifting","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/00140139.2021.1891297","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2021.1891297","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2021.1891297","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72159247","display_name":"Ergonomics","issn_l":"0014-0139","issn":["0014-0139","1366-5847"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ergonomics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33729096","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33729096","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ergonomics","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/00140139.2021.1891297","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2021.1891297","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2021.1891297","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72159247","display_name":"Ergonomics","issn_l":"0014-0139","issn":["0014-0139","1366-5847"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ergonomics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.4043000042438507}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307963","display_name":"Amerisure Mutual Insurance Company","ror":"https://ror.org/03r5jfv76"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F5794791529","display_name":"Liberty Mutual Insurance","ror":"https://ror.org/0490fqg27"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W106472267","https://openalex.org/W350566834","https://openalex.org/W972447849","https://openalex.org/W1502387207","https://openalex.org/W1915128482","https://openalex.org/W1977163244","https://openalex.org/W1987017464","https://openalex.org/W1990967670","https://openalex.org/W1995489260","https://openalex.org/W2006094851","https://openalex.org/W2011140100","https://openalex.org/W2017782481","https://openalex.org/W2024097232","https://openalex.org/W2029617381","https://openalex.org/W2029654180","https://openalex.org/W2037338563","https://openalex.org/W2039176733","https://openalex.org/W2041757785","https://openalex.org/W2048047764","https://openalex.org/W2060529984","https://openalex.org/W2062473786","https://openalex.org/W2063855580","https://openalex.org/W2070080506","https://openalex.org/W2080195779","https://openalex.org/W2088008704","https://openalex.org/W2093803385","https://openalex.org/W2128734639","https://openalex.org/W2132909624","https://openalex.org/W2159620389","https://openalex.org/W2270018440","https://openalex.org/W2333637972","https://openalex.org/W2338854002","https://openalex.org/W2410034017","https://openalex.org/W2611671935","https://openalex.org/W2887338296","https://openalex.org/W2912654919","https://openalex.org/W2921112006","https://openalex.org/W2954262128","https://openalex.org/W4248652021"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1992829659","https://openalex.org/W2953724258","https://openalex.org/W4283591528","https://openalex.org/W2619028630","https://openalex.org/W1995228521","https://openalex.org/W1987017464","https://openalex.org/W2063855580","https://openalex.org/W1636436480","https://openalex.org/W4285205330","https://openalex.org/W2027531219"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,138,151],"summarise":[1],"more":[2,174,193],"than":[3,196],"40":[4],"years":[5],"of":[6,93,102,116,125,129],"Liberty":[7,27,146],"Mutual":[8,28,147],"psychophysical":[9],"research":[10],"on":[11,39,67,172],"lifting,":[12],"lowering,":[13],"pushing,":[14],"pulling":[15],"and":[16,30,53,80,83,127,135,165,185,192],"carrying,":[17],"including":[18],"the":[19,25,100,117,130,144,157,177,197],"7":[20],"studies":[21],"used":[22],"to":[23,97,155,183],"develop":[24],"1991":[26,145],"Tables":[29],"12":[31,173],"subsequent":[32],"studies.":[33],"Predictive":[34],"equations":[35,142,154,169],"were":[36],"developed":[37],"based":[38,66,171],"612":[40],"mean":[41],"maximum":[42,60],"acceptable":[43],"loads":[44],"(MALs),":[45],"representing":[46],"388":[47],"unique":[48],"conditions":[49],"from":[50],"123":[51],"female":[52],"149":[54],"male":[55],"participants,":[56],"starting":[57],"with":[58,122],"a":[59,189],"reference":[61],"load":[62],"that":[63,140],"is":[64],"scaled":[65],"frequency,":[68],"height,":[69],"distance":[70],"(vertical":[71],"for":[72,77,99,104,133,187],"lift":[73,87],"&":[74,88],"lower,":[75],"horizontal":[76,84],"push,":[78],"pull":[79],"carry":[81],"tasks)":[82],"reach":[85],"(for":[86],"lower":[89],"tasks).":[90],"Representative":[91],"coefficients":[92],"variation":[94],"are":[95,170,181],"provided":[96],"allow":[98,186],"calculation":[101],"MALs":[103],"any":[105],"percentile.":[106],"Each":[107],"equation":[108],"performed":[109],"well":[110],"and,":[111],"overall,":[112],"they":[113],"explained":[114],"90%":[115],"variance":[118],"in":[119,163],"MAL":[120],"values,":[121],"RMS":[123],"differences":[124],"6.7%":[126],"4.8%":[128],"full":[131],"range":[132,191],"females":[134],"males,":[136],"respectively.":[137],"propose":[139,152],"these":[141],"replace":[143,156],"Tables.":[148],"Practitioner":[149],"summary:":[150],"predictive":[153],"14":[158],"manual":[159],"materials":[160],"handling":[161],"tables":[162],"Snook":[164],"Ciriello":[166],"(1991).":[167],"These":[168],"publications,":[175],"matched":[176],"empirical":[178],"data":[179],"well,":[180],"easier":[182],"use":[184],"both":[188],"wider":[190],"specific":[194],"inputs":[195],"tables.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2021-03-29T00:00:00"}