{"id":"https://openalex.org/W31368331","doi":null,"title":"NONPUBLICATION OF FEDERAL APPELLATE COURT OPINIONS","display_name":"NONPUBLICATION OF FEDERAL APPELLATE COURT OPINIONS","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W31368331","mag":"31368331"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:31368331","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/20877642","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074589604","display_name":"Daniel N. Hoffman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel N. Hoffman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074589604"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.5671,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97578133,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10802","display_name":"Judicial and Constitutional Studies","score":0.6161999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10802","display_name":"Judicial and Constitutional Studies","score":0.6161999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11762","display_name":"Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems","score":0.1940000057220459,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14115","display_name":"Legal processes and jurisprudence","score":0.14270000159740448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selective-publication","display_name":"selective publication","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unpublished-opinions","display_name":"unpublished opinions","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/u-s-courts-of-appeals","display_name":"United States Courts of Appeals","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/judicial-opinions","display_name":"legal opinions","score":0.5339999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precedential-value","display_name":"precedential value","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/judicial-conference-of-the-united-states","display_name":"Judicial Conference of the United States","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/court-reporters","display_name":"court reporters","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/judicial-accountability","display_name":"judicial accountability","score":0.47600001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/common-law-development","display_name":"common law development","score":0.3490000069141388}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41458344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q732577","display_name":"Publication","level":2,"score":0.6459054946899414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5955589413642883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100505606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6302997","display_name":"Judicial opinion","level":2,"score":0.5791082382202148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.552282452583313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151719136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3972943","display_name":"Publishing","level":2,"score":0.5139886736869812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776211767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117850","display_name":"Doctrine","level":2,"score":0.4835514724254608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.43324461579322815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.09180518984794617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:31368331","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/20877642","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W109544912","https://openalex.org/W183955001","https://openalex.org/W582552373","https://openalex.org/W633030138","https://openalex.org/W767657635","https://openalex.org/W1501706615","https://openalex.org/W1506492054","https://openalex.org/W2033470203","https://openalex.org/W3044275867","https://openalex.org/W4241312160","https://openalex.org/W4251307391"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480320558","https://openalex.org/W4402655581","https://openalex.org/W1552165374","https://openalex.org/W2992787877","https://openalex.org/W1202149035","https://openalex.org/W2416647266","https://openalex.org/W2408905610","https://openalex.org/W2478255106","https://openalex.org/W3123934093","https://openalex.org/W1588532784"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Since":[0],"1972,":[1],"it":[2,203,219,251,354],"has":[3,30,80],"been":[4,82,126],"the":[5,9,13,18,39,56,106,114,130,147,157,160,177,189,193,207,211,238,254,282,284,297,302,318,333,351,375,384,388],"stated":[6],"policy":[7],"of":[8,12,21,38,60,75,132,134,140,179,184,191,213,241,247,256,287,299,304,316,335,343,408],"Judicial":[10],"Conference":[11],"United":[14],"States":[15],"to":[16,91,102,112,116,145,155,159,162,166,174,176,205,271,293,310,382],"have":[17,92,125,377],"U.S.":[19,398],"Courts":[20],"Appeals":[22],"publish":[23],"opinions":[24,44,142,243],"only":[25,36],"selectively,":[26],"where":[27],"a":[28,73,180,231,312,336,357,361,379],"decision":[29,158],"obvious":[31],"precedential":[32],"value.":[33],"By":[34],"1977,":[35],"four":[37],"eleven":[40],"circuits":[41],"were":[42,308,325],"publishing":[43],"in":[45,128,150,234,327,346,350],"more":[46,313],"than":[47],"half":[48],"their":[49,214],"cases.":[50],"The":[51,138,391],"available":[52],"empirical":[53],"evidence":[54,101],"on":[55],"costs":[57,303],"and":[58,66,77,165,173,199,228,267,301,349,386],"benefits":[59],"selective":[61,285],"publication":[62,108,245,305],"policies":[63],"is":[64,69,97,197,246,394],"collated":[65],"assessed.":[67],"It":[68],"concluded":[70],"that,":[71],"while":[72],"pattern":[74],"frequent":[76],"systematic":[78],"abuses":[79],"not":[81,360],"shown,":[83],"at":[84,225],"least":[85],"some":[86,331],"significant":[87],"decisions":[88],"would":[89],"appear":[90],"gone":[93],"unpublished.":[94],"Moreover,":[95],"there":[96],"remarkably":[98],"little":[99],"hard":[100],"show":[103],"either":[104],"that":[105,122,222],"limited":[107],"plans":[109,124],"are":[110,143,188],"essential":[111],"enable":[113],"courts":[115,376],"cope":[117],"with":[118],"caseload":[119],"pressures,":[120],"or":[121],"existing":[123],"effective":[127],"increasing":[129],"rate":[131],"disposition":[133],"appeals.":[135],"I.":[136],"Introduction":[137],"functions":[139],"judicial":[141,263],"many:":[144],"aid":[146],"opinion":[148,233],"writer":[149],"clarifying":[151],"his":[152],"own":[153],"reasoning;":[154],"explain":[156],"parties,":[161],"other":[163,347],"courts,":[164,224],"anyone":[167],"else":[168],"who":[169],"may":[170],"be":[171],"interested;":[172],"contribute":[175],"evolution":[178],"consistent,":[181],"comprehensive":[182],"body":[183],"legal":[185],"doctrine.":[186],"Opinions":[187],"stuff":[190],"which":[192],"common":[194],"law":[195],"itself":[196],"made,":[198],"they":[200],"help":[201],"make":[202],"possible":[204],"hold":[206],"judges":[208,342,400],"accountable":[209],"for":[210,220,244,341,368],"Tightness":[212],"decisions.":[215],"Many":[216],"people":[217],"take":[218],"granted":[221],"appellate":[223,344,399],"least,":[226],"should":[227],"do":[229,311],"issue":[230],"written":[232,337],"every":[235],"case.":[236],"Actually,":[237],"routine":[239],"practice":[240,269],"preparing":[242,334],"relatively":[248],"recent":[249,372],"origin;":[250],"arose":[252],"from":[253,262,281],"initiatives":[255],"private":[257],"entrepreneurs":[258],"as":[259,261],"much":[260],"ones.":[264],"Historic":[265],"English":[266],"American":[268],"was":[270,291],"decide":[272,401],"most":[273,328],"cases":[274,404],"by":[275],"hand":[276],"ing":[277],"down":[278],"judgments":[279,290],"orally":[280],"bench;":[283],"transcription":[286],"these":[288],"oral":[289],"left":[292],"unofficial":[294],"reporters.":[295],"As":[296],"techniques":[298],"stenography":[300],"declined,":[306],"reporters":[307,324],"able":[309],"complete":[314],"job":[315],"covering":[317],"field.":[319],"In":[320,330,371],"time,":[321],"official":[322],"court":[323],"established":[326],"jurisdictions.":[329],"states":[332,348],"statement":[338],"became":[339],"mandatory":[340],"courts;":[345],"federal":[352],"system":[353],"grew":[355],"into":[356],"customary":[358],"if":[359],"strictly":[362],"obligatory":[363],"norm":[364,385],"(see":[365],"Radin,":[366],"1930,":[367],"historical":[369],"details).":[370],"years,":[373],"however,":[374],"made":[378],"determined":[380],"effort":[381],"reformulate":[383],"modify":[387],"standard":[389],"practice.":[390],"basic":[392],"motive":[393],"straightforwardly":[395],"practical.":[396],"Today,":[397],"over":[402],"17,000":[403],"each":[405],"year?an":[406],"average":[407],"nearly":[409],"200":[410],"per":[411],"judge.":[412],"To":[413],"prepare":[414]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}