{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3136814366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5587790","title":"Exclusive Breastfeeding and Normative Belief among Rural Mothers in Ethiopia, 2019: A Cross-Sectional Survey Embedded with Qualitative Design","display_name":"Exclusive Breastfeeding and Normative Belief among Rural Mothers in Ethiopia, 2019: A Cross-Sectional Survey Embedded with Qualitative Design","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3136814366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5587790","mag":"3136814366","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33815508","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7987461"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/5587790","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5587790","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5587790","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ogi/2021/5587790.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3951382","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology International","issn_l":"1687-9597","issn":["1687-9597","1687-9589"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology International","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W3136814366"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ogi/2021/5587790.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024206335","display_name":"Wolde Melese Ayele","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4830-3599","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4830-3599"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114501","display_name":"Wollo University","ror":"https://ror.org/01ktt8y73","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114501"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wolde Melese Ayele","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4830-3599","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114501"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024206335"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114501"],"apc_list":{"value":1000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1000},"apc_paid":{"value":1000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1000},"fwci":1.0809,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7203091,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10979","display_name":"Breastfeeding Practices and Influences","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10979","display_name":"Breastfeeding Practices and Influences","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10209","display_name":"Global Maternal and Child Health","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10596","display_name":"Child Nutrition and Water Access","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exclusive-breastfeeding","display_name":"exclusive breastfeeding","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normative-beliefs","display_name":"normative beliefs","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-mothers","display_name":"rural mothers","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maternal-marital-status","display_name":"maternal marital status","score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maternal-education","display_name":"maternal education","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maternal-employment","display_name":"maternal employment","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/place-of-delivery","display_name":"place of delivery","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infant-feeding-practices","display_name":"infant feeding practices","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethiopia","display_name":"Ethiopia","score":0.5879999995231628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776283161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174876","display_name":"Breastfeeding","level":2,"score":0.9118142127990723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.857030987739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.6950998306274414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.6291857957839966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.6151688694953918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44725695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288156","display_name":"Normative","level":2,"score":0.5772789716720581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.49431657791137695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.44642049074172974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.320102334022522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.2222992479801178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/5587790","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5587790","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5587790","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ogi/2021/5587790.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3951382","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology International","issn_l":"1687-9597","issn":["1687-9597","1687-9589"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology International","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33815508","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33815508","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Obstetrics and gynecology international","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7987461","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7987461/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Obstet Gynecol Int","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:21b8b1aaa1b34dbaabfacc5041e52611","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/21b8b1aaa1b34dbaabfacc5041e52611","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology International, Vol 2021 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/5587790","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5587790","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5587790","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ogi/2021/5587790.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3951382","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology International","issn_l":"1687-9597","issn":["1687-9597","1687-9589"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology International","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9537000060081482,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.6735000014305115,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3136814366.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3136814366.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W58672297","https://openalex.org/W186875263","https://openalex.org/W1511957746","https://openalex.org/W1575071207","https://openalex.org/W1917638034","https://openalex.org/W1964730012","https://openalex.org/W1979555421","https://openalex.org/W1984891592","https://openalex.org/W1998559013","https://openalex.org/W2007523956","https://openalex.org/W2016473677","https://openalex.org/W2018685665","https://openalex.org/W2022777703","https://openalex.org/W2036809949","https://openalex.org/W2061616421","https://openalex.org/W2071564332","https://openalex.org/W2078728920","https://openalex.org/W2097992125","https://openalex.org/W2104646897","https://openalex.org/W2111146360","https://openalex.org/W2124171473","https://openalex.org/W2136719161","https://openalex.org/W2152326621","https://openalex.org/W2170898524","https://openalex.org/W2171582797","https://openalex.org/W2178188656","https://openalex.org/W2187693939","https://openalex.org/W2481788145","https://openalex.org/W2531659537","https://openalex.org/W2590450378","https://openalex.org/W2621484111","https://openalex.org/W2895763694","https://openalex.org/W2915260918","https://openalex.org/W4250107518","https://openalex.org/W4392481746"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3115332726","https://openalex.org/W4226201199","https://openalex.org/W3082157495","https://openalex.org/W3168941749","https://openalex.org/W4319655703","https://openalex.org/W3178971849","https://openalex.org/W6926056848","https://openalex.org/W2022777703","https://openalex.org/W2608637484","https://openalex.org/W3205854194"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Exclusive":[1],"breastfeeding":[2,28,120,216,224,271],"has":[3],"an":[4],"irrepressible":[5],"benefit":[6],"to":[7,25,65,74,90,102,185,236],"a":[8,55,153,177,211],"child.":[9],"However,":[10],"the":[11,76,93,104,112,207,220,238,269],"practice":[12,29,121],"is":[13],"still":[14],"low":[15],"with":[16,54,138,214,229,268],"salient":[17],"factors":[18,266],"in":[19,44,60],"Ethiopia.":[20],"Therefore,":[21],"this":[22],"study":[23,51],"aimed":[24],"assess":[26],"exclusive":[27,119,215,223,270],"and":[30,108,163,187,196,259],"normative":[31],"beliefs":[32],"among":[33],"mothers":[34,129,137,149,164,181,198,262],"who":[35,150,182],"have":[36],"children":[37],"less":[38],"than":[39],"two":[40],"years":[41],"of":[42,58,111,118,222,241,257,261],"age":[43],"Ethiopia,":[45],"2019.":[46,68],"METHODS:":[47],"A":[48],"community-based":[49],"cross-sectional":[50],"was":[52,72,100,122,225],"conducted":[53],"sample":[56],"size":[57],"423":[59],"Ethiopia":[61],"from":[62],"March":[63],"12":[64],"December":[66],"18,":[67],"An":[69],"interviewer-administered":[70],"questionnaire":[71],"used":[73,89,101],"collect":[75],"data.":[77],"Gender-matched":[78],"six":[79],"Focus":[80],"Group":[81],"Discussions":[82],"were":[83,88,183,206,265],"conducted.":[84],"Semistructured":[85],"guiding":[86],"questions":[87],"carry":[91],"out":[92],"discussion.":[94],"The":[95,116],"binary":[96],"logistic":[97],"regression":[98],"model":[99],"determine":[103],"association":[105,213],"between":[106],"dependent":[107],"independent":[109],"variables":[110,208],"quantitative":[113],"part.":[114],"RESULTS:":[115],"prevalence":[117,221],"77.5%":[123],"(95%":[124],"CI:":[125,134,146,160,173,193,203],"73.5,":[126],"81.5%).":[127],"Married":[128],"(AOR":[130,142,156,169,189,199],"=":[131,143,157,170,190,200],"2.57;":[132],"95%":[133,145,159,172,192,202],"1.68,":[135],"5.65),":[136],"antenatal":[139,167,253],"care":[140,168,254],"follow-up":[141],"4.11;":[144],"2.66,":[147],"11.17),":[148],"delivered":[151],"at":[152],"health":[154],"institution":[155],"4.07;":[158],"2.99,":[161],"10.72),":[162],"counseled":[165],"during":[166,263],"1.96;":[171],"1.12,":[174],"4.73)":[175],"had":[176,210],"positive":[178],"association,":[179],"whereas":[180],"unable":[184],"read":[186],"write":[188],"0.11;":[191],"0.06,":[194],"0.99)":[195],"employed":[197],"0.22;":[201],"0.16,":[204],"0.56)":[205],"that":[209],"negative":[212],"practice.":[217,272],"CONCLUSIONS:":[218],"Although":[219],"good":[226],"when":[227],"compared":[228],"other":[230],"studies,":[231],"rigorous":[232],"interventions":[233],"are":[234],"needed":[235],"achieve":[237],"WHO":[239],"recommendation":[240],"all":[242],"infants":[243],"should":[244],"exclusively":[245],"be":[246],"breastfed.":[247],"Marital":[248],"status,":[249,251],"educational":[250],"occupation,":[252],"service,":[255],"place":[256],"birth,":[258],"counseling":[260],"ANC":[264],"associated":[267]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2021-03-29T00:00:00"}