{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3136668487","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpse.2021.02.002","title":"Hydrogen assisted cracking driven by cathodic protection operated at near \u22121200 mV CSE \u2013 an onshore natural gas pipeline failure","display_name":"Hydrogen assisted cracking driven by cathodic protection operated at near \u22121200 mV CSE \u2013 an onshore natural gas pipeline failure","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3136668487","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpse.2021.02.002","mag":"3136668487"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jpse.2021.02.002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpse.2021.02.002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpse.2021.02.002","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223785","display_name":"Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2667-1433","issn":["2667-1433"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320345","host_organization_name":"KeAi","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320345","https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["KeAi","Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpse.2021.02.002","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062166246","display_name":"Pablo Cazenave","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pablo Cazenave","raw_affiliation_strings":["Blade Energy Partners Ltd., Houston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Blade Energy Partners Ltd., Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041893950","display_name":"Katina Jimenez","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katina Jimenez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Blade Energy Partners Ltd., Houston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Blade Energy Partners Ltd., Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070901998","display_name":"Ming Jun Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2458-565X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2458-565X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Blade Energy Partners Ltd., Houston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Blade Energy Partners Ltd., Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088130167","display_name":"Andrea Moneta","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Moneta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Transportadora de Gas del Norte S.A., Buenos Aires, Argentina"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Transportadora de Gas del Norte S.A., Buenos Aires, Argentina","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006600379","display_name":"Pedro M. Hryciuk","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pedro Hryciuk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Transportadora de Gas del Norte S.A., Buenos Aires, Argentina"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Transportadora de Gas del Norte S.A., Buenos Aires, Argentina","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062166246"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":0,"currency":"USD","value_usd":0},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9431,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84997732,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"1","first_page":"100","last_page":"121"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10736","display_name":"Hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion behaviors in metals","score":0.7099999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2506","display_name":"Metals and Alloys"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10736","display_name":"Hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion behaviors in metals","score":0.7099999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2506","display_name":"Metals and Alloys"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14076","display_name":"Material Properties and Failure Mechanisms","score":0.1835000067949295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12086","display_name":"Structural Integrity and Reliability Analysis","score":0.10260000079870224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cathodic-protection","display_name":"cathodic protection","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-gas-transmission-pipelines","display_name":"natural gas transmission pipelines","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline-rupture","display_name":"pipeline rupture","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipe-to-soil-potential","display_name":"pipe-to-soil potential","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/x52-steel","display_name":"X52 steel","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coating-defects","display_name":"coating defects","score":0.4129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circumferential-cracks","display_name":"circumferential cracks","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/in-line-inspection","display_name":"in-line inspection","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/root-cause-analysis","display_name":"root cause analysis","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline-integrity-management","display_name":"pipeline integrity management","score":0.8679999709129333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205871581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15152527","display_name":"Cathodic protection","level":4,"score":0.9135490655899048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58396970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212749","display_name":"Cracking","level":2,"score":0.6654653549194336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59427239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40858","display_name":"Natural gas","level":2,"score":0.6448220014572144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.6088153123855591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175309249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725864","display_name":"Pipeline transport","level":2,"score":0.5857950448989868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781448156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1570182","display_name":"Coating","level":2,"score":0.5349366068840027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92621854","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q605529","display_name":"Hydrogen embrittlement","level":3,"score":0.5186892747879028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77595967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3151013","display_name":"Forensic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4903841018676758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.42201608419418335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3784943222999573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78762247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1273174","display_name":"Petroleum engineering","level":1,"score":0.35254761576652527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.3482634425163269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20625102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q137056","display_name":"Corrosion","level":2,"score":0.34104713797569275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.33952558040618896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.24433958530426025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21208727359771729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.14552319049835205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.12024202942848206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.08561307191848755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.06909292936325073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52859227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7877","display_name":"Electrochemistry","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jpse.2021.02.002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpse.2021.02.002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpse.2021.02.002","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223785","display_name":"Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2667-1433","issn":["2667-1433"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320345","host_organization_name":"KeAi","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320345","https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["KeAi","Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7c15fd06185e4f95aec468007aa574f0","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7c15fd06185e4f95aec468007aa574f0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering, Vol 1, Iss 1, Pp 100-121 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jpse.2021.02.002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpse.2021.02.002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpse.2021.02.002","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223785","display_name":"Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2667-1433","issn":["2667-1433"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320345","host_organization_name":"KeAi","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320345","https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["KeAi","Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.7207000255584717},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5690000057220459}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W46871807","https://openalex.org/W206231314","https://openalex.org/W323928219","https://openalex.org/W325852329","https://openalex.org/W560359876","https://openalex.org/W599509843","https://openalex.org/W599579522","https://openalex.org/W962828591","https://openalex.org/W1933735950","https://openalex.org/W1975849175","https://openalex.org/W1989955032","https://openalex.org/W2002459965","https://openalex.org/W2062529309","https://openalex.org/W2072302347","https://openalex.org/W2093921254","https://openalex.org/W2134912379","https://openalex.org/W2146129103","https://openalex.org/W2422079774","https://openalex.org/W2478714002","https://openalex.org/W2484311435","https://openalex.org/W2744215036","https://openalex.org/W2785624757","https://openalex.org/W2807951774","https://openalex.org/W3022643349","https://openalex.org/W3121738684","https://openalex.org/W4246931710","https://openalex.org/W4255476691","https://openalex.org/W4255816425","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6788828854"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3121738684","https://openalex.org/W2038778453","https://openalex.org/W4237939042","https://openalex.org/W2901617813","https://openalex.org/W2052957849","https://openalex.org/W4391444358","https://openalex.org/W7056297586","https://openalex.org/W4385888052","https://openalex.org/W2162164726","https://openalex.org/W4409502343"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"22-inch":[1],"onshore":[2,167],"natural":[3],"gas":[4],"transmission":[5,168],"pipeline":[6,169,219,223,228],"in":[7,15,181,214],"operation":[8],"since":[9],"1960":[10],"experienced":[11],"an":[12,24,127,166],"in-service":[13,97],"rupture":[14,20,45,68,98],"January":[16],"of":[17,33,43,51,66,126,147,165,185,217,221,233],"2018.":[18],"The":[19,85,117,197,227],"was":[21,46],"caused":[22],"by":[23,54,113,175],"axial":[25],"crack":[26,74],"located":[27],"150":[28],"km":[29,62],"(93":[30],"miles)":[31,64],"downstream":[32,65],"the":[34,39,44,67,92,96,109,114,121,124,133,143,160,178,182,200,204,209,212,215,218,222],"closest":[35],"compression":[36],"station.":[37],"While":[38],"root":[40,118,205],"cause":[41,119,206],"analysis":[42,207],"being":[47,111],"carried":[48],"out,":[49],"excavations":[50],"indications":[52],"reported":[53],"a":[55,231],"Hard":[56],"Spot":[57],"In-Line":[58,249],"Inspection":[59,250],"approximately":[60],"42":[61],"(26":[63],"found":[69],"leaks":[70,100],"from":[71,87,189],"predominantly":[72],"circumferential":[73],"colonies":[75],"mixed":[76],"with":[77,82,108,177,194],"spiderweb":[78],"ones":[79],"not":[80,192],"associated":[81],"hard":[83,195],"spots.":[84,196],"conclusion":[86],"this":[88,157],"investigation":[89,158],"is":[90,101,123,159],"that":[91,156],"cracking":[93,106],"mechanism":[94],"for":[95,120,139,203],"and":[99,129,132,191,208,235,248],"mainly":[102],"hydrogen":[103,110],"environment":[104],"assisted":[105],"(HAC),":[107],"generated":[112],"cathodic":[115,134,242],"protection.":[116],"failures":[122],"combination":[125],"aged":[128],"defective":[130],"coating":[131,245],"protection":[135,243],"(CP)":[136],"system":[137,224],"operated":[138],"decades":[140],"at":[141],"near":[142],"pipe-to-soil":[144],"potential":[145],"limit":[146],"\u22121200":[148],"mV":[149],"CSE.":[150],"An":[151],"extensive":[152],"literature":[153],"search":[154],"indicates":[155],"first":[161],"fully":[162],"documented":[163],"case":[164],"failure":[170],"due":[171],"to":[172],"HAC":[173],"driven":[174],"CP,":[176],"cracks":[179],"occurring":[180],"pipe":[183],"body":[184],"X52":[186],"steel,":[187],"away":[188],"welds":[190],"related":[193],"paper":[198],"summarizes":[199],"approach":[201],"used":[202],"findings,":[210],"where":[211],"implications":[213],"management":[216],"integrity":[220],"are":[225],"discussed.":[226],"operator":[229],"implemented":[230],"series":[232],"preventive":[234],"corrective":[236],"measures,":[237],"which":[238],"included":[239],"pressure":[240],"testing,":[241],"improvement,":[244],"rehabilitation":[246],"programs":[247],"programs.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2021-03-29T00:00:00"}
