{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3136587289","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-021-02251-7","title":"Renaissance of armored immune effector cells, CAR-NK cells, brings the higher hope for successful cancer therapy","display_name":"Renaissance of armored immune effector cells, CAR-NK cells, brings the higher hope for successful cancer therapy","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3136587289","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-021-02251-7","mag":"3136587289","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33752707","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7983395"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13287-021-02251-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-021-02251-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-021-02251-7","pdf_url":"https://stemcellres.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13287-021-02251-7","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2061155","display_name":"Stem Cell Research & Therapy","issn_l":"1757-6512","issn":["1757-6512"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Stem Cell Research &amp; Therapy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://stemcellres.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13287-021-02251-7","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054645087","display_name":"Faroogh Marofi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8110-7808","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8110-7808"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163205636","display_name":"Tabriz University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04krpx645","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163205636"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faroogh Marofi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran","Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163205636"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163205636"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000363660","display_name":"Heshu Sulaiman Rahman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0356-0399","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0356-0399"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64952554","display_name":"University of Sulaimani","ror":"https://ror.org/00saanr69","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64952554"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heshu Sulaiman Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Suleimanyah, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Suleimanyah, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64952554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082264183","display_name":"Lakshmi Prasanth Thangavelu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5662-1410","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5662-1410","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3111-9632"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I85461943","display_name":"Saveetha University","ror":"https://ror.org/0034me914","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I85461943"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lakshmi Thangavelu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associate professor, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associate professor, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I85461943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015434813","display_name":"Aleksei Evgenievich Dorofeev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0815-4472","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0815-4472"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17877952","display_name":"Sechenov University","ror":"https://ror.org/02yqqv993","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17877952"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aleksey Dorofeev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Propaedeutics of Dental Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University,), Moscow, Russian Federation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Propaedeutics of Dental Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University,), Moscow, Russian Federation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17877952"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051214258","display_name":"Favi\u00e1n Bayas-Morej\u00f3n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2920-7155","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2920-7155"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087824","display_name":"Universidad Estatal de Bol\u00edvar","ror":"https://ror.org/005cgg117","country_code":"EC","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087824"]}],"countries":["EC"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Favian Bayas-Morej\u00f3n","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Research and Biotechnological Development, Research Department, Bolivar State University, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Natural Resources and the Environment, CP 020150, Guaranda, Ecuador"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Research and Biotechnological Development, Research Department, Bolivar State University, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Natural Resources and the Environment, CP 020150, Guaranda, Ecuador","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087824"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064310521","display_name":"Naghmeh Shirafkan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8936-3155","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8936-3155"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163205636","display_name":"Tabriz University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04krpx645","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163205636"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naghmeh Shirafkan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163205636"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017273456","display_name":"Navid Shomali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4679-9658","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4679-9658"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163205636","display_name":"Tabriz University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04krpx645","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163205636"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Navid Shomali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163205636"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107873328","display_name":"Max Stanley Chartrand","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Max Stanley Chartrand","raw_affiliation_strings":["DigiCare Behavioral Research, Casa Grande, AZ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DigiCare Behavioral Research, Casa Grande, AZ, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086023255","display_name":"Mostafa Jarahian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2464-5383","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2464-5383"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17937529","display_name":"German Cancer Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04cdgtt98","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I17937529"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mostafa Jarahian","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Cancer Research Center, Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit (G401), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Cancer Research Center, Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit (G401), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17937529"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090958135","display_name":"Ghasem Vahedi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0357-1135","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0357-1135"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116768543","display_name":"Zanjan University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01xf7jb19","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116768543"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghasem Vahedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116768543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059727565","display_name":"Rebar N. Mohammed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9581-5488","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9581-5488"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64952554","display_name":"University of Sulaimani","ror":"https://ror.org/00saanr69","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64952554"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rebar N. Mohammed","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Suleimanyah, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Suleimanyah, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64952554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022113693","display_name":"Somayeh Shahrokh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127908078","display_name":"Shahrekord University","ror":"https://ror.org/051rngw70","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127908078"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Somayeh Shahrokh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127908078"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101509497","display_name":"Morteza Akbari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7333-1300","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7333-1300"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163205636","display_name":"Tabriz University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04krpx645","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163205636"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Morteza Akbari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163205636"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072759236","display_name":"Farhad Motavalli Khiavi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0231-4279","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0231-4279"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1301411061","display_name":"Pasteur Institute of Iran","ror":"https://ror.org/00wqczk30","country_code":"IR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1301411061"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Farhad Motavalli Khiavi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran (IPI), Tehran, Iran. farhad.motavalli@gmail.com","Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran (IPI), Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran (IPI), Tehran, Iran. farhad.motavalli@gmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1301411061"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran (IPI), Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1301411061"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":6,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072759236"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1301411061"],"apc_list":{"value":2590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2590},"apc_paid":{"value":2590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2590},"fwci":1.1048,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78082668,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"1","first_page":"200","last_page":"200"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11491","display_name":"CAR-T cell therapy research","score":0.7275000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11491","display_name":"CAR-T cell therapy research","score":0.7275000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11020","display_name":"Immune Cell Function and Interaction","score":0.2655999958515167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10580","display_name":"Immunotherapy and Immune Responses","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/car-nk-cells","display_name":"CAR-NK cells","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chimeric-antigen-receptor","display_name":"chimeric antigen receptor","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-killer-cells","display_name":"natural killer cells","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-immunotherapy","display_name":"cellular immunotherapy","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/car-t-cell-therapy","display_name":"CAR T-cell therapy","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytokine-release-syndrome","display_name":"cytokine release syndrome","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/on-target-off-tumor-toxicity","display_name":"on-target off-tumor toxicity","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graft-versus-host-disease","display_name":"graft-versus-host disease","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-immunotherapy","display_name":"cancer immunotherapy","score":0.8619999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3875195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5099363","display_name":"Chimeric antigen receptor","level":4,"score":0.7536171674728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777701055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427096","display_name":"Immunotherapy","level":3,"score":0.63265061378479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.6312389373779297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206191192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17149636","display_name":"NK-92","level":5,"score":0.5623675584793091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780674031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2012719","display_name":"Cancer immunotherapy","level":4,"score":0.5242540836334229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.5061227679252625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10882517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15268054","display_name":"Cell therapy","level":3,"score":0.46486765146255493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149532602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2409681","display_name":"Interleukin 12","level":4,"score":0.4625697731971741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4554559290409088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129374314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909381","display_name":"Interleukin 21","level":4,"score":0.42747631669044495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136449434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428253","display_name":"Innate immune system","level":3,"score":0.42638668417930603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778690821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212354","display_name":"Cytokine","level":2,"score":0.41345474123954773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139563560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224930","display_name":"Natural killer T cell","level":4,"score":0.4126429557800293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.3884483277797699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154317977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376266","display_name":"Cytotoxic T cell","level":3,"score":0.36249303817749023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776090121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193529","display_name":"T cell","level":3,"score":0.33647051453590393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28328180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48196","display_name":"Stem cell","level":2,"score":0.3274662494659424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.13040918111801147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.05650988221168518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000076962","descriptor_name":"Receptors, Chimeric Antigen","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007167","descriptor_name":"Immunotherapy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007694","descriptor_name":"Killer Cells, Natural","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013601","descriptor_name":"T-Lymphocytes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016219","descriptor_name":"Immunotherapy, Adoptive","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13287-021-02251-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-021-02251-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-021-02251-7","pdf_url":"https://stemcellres.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13287-021-02251-7","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2061155","display_name":"Stem Cell Research & Therapy","issn_l":"1757-6512","issn":["1757-6512"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Stem Cell Research &amp; Therapy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33752707","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33752707","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Stem cell research & therapy","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7983395","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7983395/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Stem Cell Res Ther","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:67d61e7fa68c4e05b4030685cdbbcdec","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/67d61e7fa68c4e05b4030685cdbbcdec","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Stem Cell Research & Therapy, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-21 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13287-021-02251-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-021-02251-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-021-02251-7","pdf_url":"https://stemcellres.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13287-021-02251-7","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2061155","display_name":"Stem Cell Research & Therapy","issn_l":"1757-6512","issn":["1757-6512"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Stem Cell Research &amp; Therapy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310693","display_name":"Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum","ror":"https://ror.org/04cdgtt98"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310847","display_name":"University of South Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/032db5x82"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3136587289.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3136587289.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":199,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W26122824","https://openalex.org/W76522298","https://openalex.org/W180849893","https://openalex.org/W1493661170","https://openalex.org/W1599718730","https://openalex.org/W1719275795","https://openalex.org/W1800095175","https://openalex.org/W1954860593","https://openalex.org/W1965411082","https://openalex.org/W1967455230","https://openalex.org/W1969814796","https://openalex.org/W1970684135","https://openalex.org/W1974917518","https://openalex.org/W1976681938","https://openalex.org/W1981730803","https://openalex.org/W1984515197","https://openalex.org/W1985501733","https://openalex.org/W1986856090","https://openalex.org/W1988224733","https://openalex.org/W1989712520","https://openalex.org/W1995515999","https://openalex.org/W2003339708","https://openalex.org/W2007333986","https://openalex.org/W2007400263","https://openalex.org/W2014356856","https://openalex.org/W2014751400","https://openalex.org/W2015912224","https://openalex.org/W2016523043","https://openalex.org/W2018325561","https://openalex.org/W2018809204","https://openalex.org/W2020646453","https://openalex.org/W2020973179","https://openalex.org/W2025459290","https://openalex.org/W2025635581","https://openalex.org/W2027053879","https://openalex.org/W2027470770","https://openalex.org/W2036088843","https://openalex.org/W2046949604","https://openalex.org/W2048273322","https://openalex.org/W2051841612","https://openalex.org/W2054154684","https://openalex.org/W2054218102","https://openalex.org/W2056315817","https://openalex.org/W2057879405","https://openalex.org/W2059620900","https://openalex.org/W2060928633","https://openalex.org/W2061899375","https://openalex.org/W2064316406","https://openalex.org/W2067814594","https://openalex.org/W2069504907","https://openalex.org/W2073026167","https://openalex.org/W2073300038","https://openalex.org/W2077010500","https://openalex.org/W2077994554","https://openalex.org/W2081047303","https://openalex.org/W2081670280","https://openalex.org/W2082554712","https://openalex.org/W2083289662","https://openalex.org/W2087654677","https://openalex.org/W2092215629","https://openalex.org/W2094945699","https://openalex.org/W2097050852","https://openalex.org/W2099570622","https://openalex.org/W2101206430","https://openalex.org/W2102979753","https://openalex.org/W2105557870","https://openalex.org/W2107046588","https://openalex.org/W2110641339","https://openalex.org/W2113727975","https://openalex.org/W2113811237","https://openalex.org/W2116171543","https://openalex.org/W2118796952","https://openalex.org/W2119207148","https://openalex.org/W2120072658","https://openalex.org/W2122459559","https://openalex.org/W2124416339","https://openalex.org/W2124637769","https://openalex.org/W2125616358","https://openalex.org/W2126800107","https://openalex.org/W2129278872","https://openalex.org/W2129702476","https://openalex.org/W2130174662","https://openalex.org/W2130338247","https://openalex.org/W2130649175","https://openalex.org/W2132835748","https://openalex.org/W2134114824","https://openalex.org/W2138045682","https://openalex.org/W2140379589","https://openalex.org/W2141708766","https://openalex.org/W2142379685","https://openalex.org/W2144436556","https://openalex.org/W2144872368","https://openalex.org/W2145794545","https://openalex.org/W2145985838","https://openalex.org/W2147068163","https://openalex.org/W2147787458","https://openalex.org/W2149516210","https://openalex.org/W2154534003","https://openalex.org/W2157268148","https://openalex.org/W2164992400","https://openalex.org/W2165456522","https://openalex.org/W2165813814","https://openalex.org/W2167550136","https://openalex.org/W2168240513","https://openalex.org/W2171669261","https://openalex.org/W2174288282","https://openalex.org/W2192976324","https://openalex.org/W2236959863","https://openalex.org/W2253596385","https://openalex.org/W2260497117","https://openalex.org/W2272769504","https://openalex.org/W2279127916","https://openalex.org/W2298503769","https://openalex.org/W2311158642","https://openalex.org/W2315690141","https://openalex.org/W2331962566","https://openalex.org/W2332458188","https://openalex.org/W2335984750","https://openalex.org/W2396523484","https://openalex.org/W2402659606","https://openalex.org/W2408097265","https://openalex.org/W2409807463","https://openalex.org/W2410735602","https://openalex.org/W2461057056","https://openalex.org/W2473669551","https://openalex.org/W2486057113","https://openalex.org/W2500107307","https://openalex.org/W2515536126","https://openalex.org/W2515812752","https://openalex.org/W2519710256","https://openalex.org/W2546024518","https://openalex.org/W2553129782","https://openalex.org/W2556754806","https://openalex.org/W2585210965","https://openalex.org/W2592811353","https://openalex.org/W2611806240","https://openalex.org/W2613113655","https://openalex.org/W2615682320","https://openalex.org/W2622456183","https://openalex.org/W2626153771","https://openalex.org/W2738977754","https://openalex.org/W2751720802","https://openalex.org/W2753630019","https://openalex.org/W2754562068","https://openalex.org/W2762398692","https://openalex.org/W2767040098","https://openalex.org/W2767931551","https://openalex.org/W2768098448","https://openalex.org/W2772339799","https://openalex.org/W2777010483","https://openalex.org/W2778248529","https://openalex.org/W2783866324","https://openalex.org/W2791048627","https://openalex.org/W2791483720","https://openalex.org/W2791974013","https://openalex.org/W2792588868","https://openalex.org/W2794892435","https://openalex.org/W2800926996","https://openalex.org/W2808601843","https://openalex.org/W2810715813","https://openalex.org/W2887710665","https://openalex.org/W2888063816","https://openalex.org/W2890499629","https://openalex.org/W2890799178","https://openalex.org/W2890885475","https://openalex.org/W2890913457","https://openalex.org/W2891924787","https://openalex.org/W2892051727","https://openalex.org/W2896565106","https://openalex.org/W2897652969","https://openalex.org/W2900136343","https://openalex.org/W2901575037","https://openalex.org/W2902681328","https://openalex.org/W2909660453","https://openalex.org/W2910701797","https://openalex.org/W2914849333","https://openalex.org/W2921717903","https://openalex.org/W2946952121","https://openalex.org/W2947475420","https://openalex.org/W2948707225","https://openalex.org/W2953263493","https://openalex.org/W2961375208","https://openalex.org/W2963694678","https://openalex.org/W2969424533","https://openalex.org/W2973021197","https://openalex.org/W2975035850","https://openalex.org/W2977444740","https://openalex.org/W2980712409","https://openalex.org/W2986490909","https://openalex.org/W2986658477","https://openalex.org/W2990853909","https://openalex.org/W2995118009","https://openalex.org/W2996517533","https://openalex.org/W2998881619","https://openalex.org/W3006483160","https://openalex.org/W3013212211","https://openalex.org/W3033504577","https://openalex.org/W3094862578","https://openalex.org/W4237659442"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3173350521","https://openalex.org/W3105395209","https://openalex.org/W4308053957","https://openalex.org/W3108226967","https://openalex.org/W4200016445","https://openalex.org/W4389219186","https://openalex.org/W4283801551","https://openalex.org/W3158278756","https://openalex.org/W4211083170","https://openalex.org/W3198558595"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,20,41,93,206],"recent":[1,213],"decades,":[2],"a":[3],"new":[4],"method":[5],"of":[6,23,43,61,64,80,139,154,194,220],"cellular":[7],"immunotherapy":[8,51],"was":[9],"introduced":[10],"based":[11],"on":[12],"engineering":[13],"and":[14,46,66,100,121,197,199,215,227,229],"empowering":[15],"the":[16,25,44,59,77,91,155,212],"immune":[17,26,102,140,157],"effector":[18,27,141],"cells.":[19,40],"this":[21,207],"type":[22],"immunotherapy,":[24,132],"cells":[28,82,97,134,142,150,169,181],"are":[29,71,151],"equipped":[30],"with":[31,170],"chimeric":[32],"antigen":[33],"receptor":[34],"(CAR)":[35],"to":[36,89,176],"specifically":[37],"target":[38],"cancer":[39],"much":[42,84],"trials":[45],"experiments,":[47],"CAR-modified":[48],"T":[49,177],"cell":[50,131,201],"has":[52],"achieved":[53],"very":[54],"promising":[55],"therapeutic":[56],"results":[57],"in":[58,76,87,129,189],"treatment":[60],"some":[62,73,94],"types":[63],"cancers":[65],"infectious":[67],"diseases.":[68],"However,":[69],"there":[70],"also":[72],"considerable":[74],"drawbacks":[75],"clinical":[78,190,216,230],"application":[79],"CAR-T":[81,96,130],"although":[83],"effort":[85],"is":[86],"progress":[88],"rectify":[90],"issues.":[92],"conditions,":[95],"initiate":[98],"over-activated":[99],"strong":[101],"responses,":[103],"therefore,":[104],"causing":[105],"unexpected":[106],"side-effects":[107],"such":[108,186],"as":[109,135,187],"systemic":[110],"cytokine":[111,114],"toxicity":[112],"(i.e.,":[113],"release":[115],"syndrome),":[116],"neurotoxicity,":[117],"on-target,":[118],"off-tumor":[119],"toxicity,":[120],"graft-versus-host":[122],"disease":[123],"(GvHD).":[124],"To":[125],"overcome":[126],"these":[127],"limitations":[128,226],"NK":[133,180,221],"an":[136],"alternative":[137],"source":[138],"have":[143,183],"been":[144],"utilized":[145],"for":[146,203],"CAR-engineering.":[147],"Natural":[148],"killer":[149],"key":[152],"players":[153],"innate":[156],"system":[158],"that":[159],"can":[160],"destroy":[161],"virus-infected":[162],"cells,":[163,165,178,196,222],"tumor":[164,195],"or":[166],"other":[167],"aberrant":[168],"their":[171,204],"efficient":[172],"recognizing":[173],"capability.":[174],"Compared":[175],"CAR-transduced":[179],"(CAR-NK)":[182],"several":[184],"advantages,":[185],"safety":[188],"use,":[191],"non-MHC-restricted":[192],"recognition":[193],"renewable":[198],"easy":[200],"sources":[202,219],"preparation.":[205],"review,":[208],"we":[209],"will":[210],"discuss":[211],"preclinical":[214],"studies,":[217],"different":[218],"transduction":[223],"methods,":[224],"possible":[225],"challenges,":[228],"considerations.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2021-03-29T00:00:00"}
