{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3136571112","doi":null,"title":"Psychological Distress and Mental Illness in Emerging Adults with Learning Disabilities","display_name":"Psychological Distress and Mental Illness in Emerging Adults with Learning Disabilities","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3136571112","mag":"3136571112"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:uwspace.uwaterloo.ca:10012/16823","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10012/16823","pdf_url":"https://uwspace.uwaterloo.ca/bitstreams/9437fbee-feca-49f3-86b0-cb1e8e9b3440/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401661","display_name":"UWSpace (University of Waterloo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","host_organization_name":"University of Waterloo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Master Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://uwspace.uwaterloo.ca/bitstreams/9437fbee-feca-49f3-86b0-cb1e8e9b3440/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061899221","display_name":"Samantha Leslie Chown","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7437-3561","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7437-3561"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Samantha Leslie Chown","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7437-3561","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061899221"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11015","display_name":"Down syndrome and intellectual disability research","score":0.9336000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11015","display_name":"Down syndrome and intellectual disability research","score":0.9336000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10272","display_name":"Mental Health Treatment and Access","score":0.02199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14104","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology","score":0.012400000356137753,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3206","display_name":"Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-disabilities","display_name":"learning disabilities","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-distress","display_name":"psychological distress","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-disorders","display_name":"mental illness","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emerging-adults","display_name":"emerging adults","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder","display_name":"attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-differences","display_name":"age differences","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comorbidity","display_name":"comorbidities","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/whodas-2-0","display_name":"WHODAS 2.0","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kessler-psychological-distress-scale","display_name":"Kessler Psychological Distress Scale","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-health-disparities","display_name":"mental health disparities","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-to-mental-health-care","display_name":"access to mental health care","score":0.3919999897480011}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020031316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6817452","display_name":"Psychological distress","level":3,"score":0.6559972167015076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776674806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12135","display_name":"Mental illness","level":3,"score":0.6263607740402222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6120275259017944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139265228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283089","display_name":"Distress","level":2,"score":0.5299725532531738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.5055837631225586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15107229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860740","display_name":"Learning disability","level":2,"score":0.49264317750930786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.4873870015144348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.4152457118034363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.3290878236293793}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:uwspace.uwaterloo.ca:10012/16823","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10012/16823","pdf_url":"https://uwspace.uwaterloo.ca/bitstreams/9437fbee-feca-49f3-86b0-cb1e8e9b3440/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401661","display_name":"UWSpace (University of Waterloo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","host_organization_name":"University of Waterloo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Master Thesis"},{"id":"mag:3136571112","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://uwspace.uwaterloo.ca/handle/10012/16823","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:uwspace.uwaterloo.ca:10012/16823","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10012/16823","pdf_url":"https://uwspace.uwaterloo.ca/bitstreams/9437fbee-feca-49f3-86b0-cb1e8e9b3440/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401661","display_name":"UWSpace (University of Waterloo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","host_organization_name":"University of Waterloo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Master Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3136571112.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3136571112.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":92,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1511378750","https://openalex.org/W1848467682","https://openalex.org/W1883673857","https://openalex.org/W1917464736","https://openalex.org/W1965791839","https://openalex.org/W1979827316","https://openalex.org/W1989012023","https://openalex.org/W1993518198","https://openalex.org/W1994242804","https://openalex.org/W1998209914","https://openalex.org/W1998254241","https://openalex.org/W2001842521","https://openalex.org/W2003787788","https://openalex.org/W2008503427","https://openalex.org/W2014881046","https://openalex.org/W2026944972","https://openalex.org/W2032778732","https://openalex.org/W2036032119","https://openalex.org/W2045381082","https://openalex.org/W2045466453","https://openalex.org/W2048030514","https://openalex.org/W2048804561","https://openalex.org/W2051831951","https://openalex.org/W2054092231","https://openalex.org/W2057635488","https://openalex.org/W2066376466","https://openalex.org/W2066709094","https://openalex.org/W2072611828","https://openalex.org/W2080841673","https://openalex.org/W2091400062","https://openalex.org/W2093631127","https://openalex.org/W2105093456","https://openalex.org/W2116004986","https://openalex.org/W2117379845","https://openalex.org/W2122902956","https://openalex.org/W2124178767","https://openalex.org/W2130901187","https://openalex.org/W2132495083","https://openalex.org/W2137911069","https://openalex.org/W2142012357","https://openalex.org/W2143278083","https://openalex.org/W2143458217","https://openalex.org/W2143481754","https://openalex.org/W2145290828","https://openalex.org/W2145745510","https://openalex.org/W2147183534","https://openalex.org/W2148571314","https://openalex.org/W2151137118","https://openalex.org/W2152943778","https://openalex.org/W2154817407","https://openalex.org/W2155683732","https://openalex.org/W2159946432","https://openalex.org/W2163922673","https://openalex.org/W2173290176","https://openalex.org/W2177460472","https://openalex.org/W2254968511","https://openalex.org/W2261106838","https://openalex.org/W2346275821","https://openalex.org/W2400158805","https://openalex.org/W2517951041","https://openalex.org/W2551208370","https://openalex.org/W2589895675","https://openalex.org/W2592750454","https://openalex.org/W2596040452","https://openalex.org/W2602264854","https://openalex.org/W2626907439","https://openalex.org/W2734374787","https://openalex.org/W2739919706","https://openalex.org/W2743534813","https://openalex.org/W2767120420","https://openalex.org/W2774606307","https://openalex.org/W2789034326","https://openalex.org/W2790195693","https://openalex.org/W2794820743","https://openalex.org/W2801419409","https://openalex.org/W2803526085","https://openalex.org/W2804833461","https://openalex.org/W2883847079","https://openalex.org/W2884463955","https://openalex.org/W2886873968","https://openalex.org/W2890600969","https://openalex.org/W2903051099","https://openalex.org/W2908478715","https://openalex.org/W2941498562","https://openalex.org/W2944040797","https://openalex.org/W2963363834","https://openalex.org/W2995591419","https://openalex.org/W3007501536","https://openalex.org/W3021341680","https://openalex.org/W3040290021","https://openalex.org/W4235673219","https://openalex.org/W4248014875"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4306377440","https://openalex.org/W2132495083","https://openalex.org/W2803526085","https://openalex.org/W2002240146","https://openalex.org/W2139423927","https://openalex.org/W2029181908","https://openalex.org/W4400493009","https://openalex.org/W2006760102","https://openalex.org/W2147608335","https://openalex.org/W199862767"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Individuals":[1],"with":[2,27,63,88,169,264,272,287,322,434,491],"learning":[3,203,220,492],"disabilities":[4,204,221],"(LDs)":[5],"have":[6,447],"an":[7,181],"increased":[8],"risk":[9,39],"for":[10,41,310,314,477,488],"mental":[11,18,42,49,58,101,126],"illness.":[12,127],"The":[13,74,129,157,175,259,426,471],"association":[14,45,97,122,201,218],"between":[15,46,98,123,202,219,379],"LDs":[16,30,47,64,99,124,265,273,323,380,435],"and":[17,24,31,48,100,106,117,125,172,183,205,210,222,235,248,282,317,334,358,381,390,417,442,463,480,485],"illness":[19,50,102],"varies":[20],"across":[21],"sex,":[22,113,233],"age,":[23,112,232],"among":[25],"those":[26,263,303,351,391],"co-morbidities.":[28],"While":[29],"the":[32,44,57,92,96,109,121,133,153,184,200,217,294,355,375,411,453,469,486],"emerging":[33,52,61,86,104,320,432,457,489],"adult":[34],"developmental":[35],"period":[36],"are":[37],"independent":[38],"factors":[40],"illness,":[43],"in":[51,85,103,374,468,482],"adults":[53,62,87,271,321,433,458,490],"is":[54,65],"unclear.":[55],"Therefore,":[56],"health":[59,68,318],"of":[60,76,95,111,148,162,180,262,296,340,407],"a":[66,145,275,284,337,475],"public":[67],"concern":[69,309],"worth":[70],"further":[71],"consideration.":[72],"\\nObjectives:":[73],"purpose":[75],"this":[77],"study":[78,131,158,429,472],"was":[79,144,160,177,186,196,213,245,266,307,369,421],"to":[80,198,215,293,302,350,446,456],"1)":[81],"investigate":[82],"psychological":[83,207],"distress":[84,208],"LDs,":[89],"2)":[90],"explore":[91],"clinical":[93,412],"importance":[94],"adults,":[105],"3)":[107],"examine":[108,199,216],"modification":[110],"attention-deficit/hyperactivity":[114],"disorder":[115],"(ADHD),":[116],"disability":[118],"impairment":[119],"on":[120],"\\nMethods:":[128],"current":[130,427],"utilized":[132,255],"2012":[134],"Canadian":[135,155],"Community":[136],"Health":[137,141,237],"Survey":[138],"\u2013":[139],"Mental":[140],"(n=25,113),":[142],"which":[143],"cross-sectional":[146],"investigation":[147],"Canadians":[149],"\u226515":[150],"years":[151,166,394,400],"from":[152],"ten":[154],"provinces.":[156],"sample":[159],"composed":[161],"individuals":[163],"aged":[164,392],"15-29":[165],"(n":[167],"=5630),":[168],"similar":[170],"age":[171,462],"sex":[173,464],"distributions.":[174],"exposure":[176],"self-reported":[178],"diagnosis":[179],"LD,":[182],"outcome":[185],"Kessler":[187],"Psychological":[188],"Distress":[189],"(K6)":[190],"Scale":[191],"scores.":[192,384],"Multiple":[193],"linear":[194,357,377],"regression":[195,212,360,378],"used":[197,214],"continuous":[206,382],"scores,":[209],"logistic":[211,359],"binary":[223],"K6":[224,328,341,383,408,440,448],"scores":[225,244,288,329,342,409,420,441,449],"(scores":[226],"<13":[227],"or":[228,291,398,451],"\u226513).":[229],"Moderation":[230],"by":[231,415],"ADHD,":[234],"World":[236],"Organization":[238],"Disability":[239],"Assessment":[240],"Schedule":[241],"(WHODAS)":[242],"2.0":[243,419],"determined.":[246],"Multicollinearity":[247],"model":[249],"fit":[250],"were":[251,443,465],"evaluated.":[252],"All":[253],"analyses":[254],"survey":[256],"weights.":[257],"\\nResults:":[258],"weighted":[260],"frequency":[261],"approximately":[267],"421":[268],"(7.5%).":[269],"Emerging":[270],"displayed":[274,325],"higher":[276,326,338,405,439,483],"mean":[277],"score":[278],"(1.6":[279],"vs.":[280,299],"1.3)":[281],"had":[283,336,404,436],"greater":[285,289],"proportion":[286],"than":[290],"equal":[292],"cut-point":[295,454],"13":[297],"(7.0%":[298],"2.5%)":[300],"compared":[301,349,455],"without":[304,352,459],"LDs.":[305,353,460],"There":[306],"no":[308,370],"multicollinearity.":[311],"After":[312],"controlling":[313],"demographic,":[315],"psychosocial,":[316],"covariates,":[319],"(1)":[324],"log-transformed":[327],"(\u03b2=0.10,":[330],"p=0.149,":[331],"adjusted":[332,376],"R2=0.26),":[333],"(2)":[335],"odds":[339,406],"\u226513":[343],"[Odds":[344],"Ratio":[345],"(OR)=1.17,":[346],"95%":[347,388,396,402],"CI=0.60-2.27]":[348],"However,":[354,385],"full":[356],"models":[361],"did":[362],"not":[363,422],"demonstrate":[364],"statistical":[365],"significance.":[366],"Additionally,":[367,461],"there":[368],"statistically":[371,423],"significant":[372,466],"moderation":[373],"males":[386],"(OR=2.39,":[387],"CI=1.01-5.67)":[389],"15-19":[393],"(OR=0.18,":[395],"CI=0.04-0.78)":[397],"25-29":[399],"(OR=3.87,":[401],"CI=1.05-14.30)":[403],"above":[410,452],"cut-point.":[413],"Stratification":[414],"ADHD-status":[416],"WHODAS":[418],"significant.":[424],"\\nConclusion:":[425],"epidemiological":[428],"confirmed":[430],"that":[431],"clinically":[437],"important":[438],"more":[444],"likely":[445],"at":[450],"moderators":[467],"association.":[470],"findings":[473],"suggest":[474],"need":[476],"improved":[478],"awareness":[479],"resources":[481],"education":[484],"workplace":[487],"disabilities.":[493]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2021-03-29T00:00:00"}
