{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3136498337","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2021.1900235","title":"Classification of canola seed varieties based on multi-feature analysis using computer vision approach","display_name":"Classification of canola seed varieties based on multi-feature analysis using computer vision approach","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3136498337","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2021.1900235","mag":"3136498337"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10942912.2021.1900235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2021.1900235","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2021.1900235","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80488789","display_name":"International Journal of Food Properties","issn_l":"1094-2912","issn":["1094-2912","1532-2386"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315681","host_organization_name":"Marcel Dekker","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315681"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Marcel Dekker"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Food Properties","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2021.1900235","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057663036","display_name":"Salman Qadri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3503-6535","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3503-6535"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174731842","display_name":"Islamia University of Bahawalpur","ror":"https://ror.org/002rc4w13","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN","PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Salman Qadri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab Pakistan","School of Computer Science & Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3503-6535","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science & Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055311276","display_name":"Syed Furqan Qadri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9067-054X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9067-054X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174731842","display_name":"Islamia University of Bahawalpur","ror":"https://ror.org/002rc4w13","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN","PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Furqan Qadri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab Pakistan","School of Computer Science & Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science & Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084784558","display_name":"Abdul Razzaq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4511-387X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4511-387X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096473","display_name":"Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/00vmr6593","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096473"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdul Razzaq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, MNSUAM Multan, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, MNSUAM Multan, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096473"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009160689","display_name":"Muzammil Ul Rehman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8291-0128","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8291-0128"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174731842","display_name":"Islamia University of Bahawalpur","ror":"https://ror.org/002rc4w13","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muzammil Ul Rehman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036233830","display_name":"Naz\u0332\u012br A\u1e25mad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9789-6381","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9789-6381"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174731842","display_name":"Islamia University of Bahawalpur","ror":"https://ror.org/002rc4w13","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nazir Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054044034","display_name":"Syed Ali Nawaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-7207","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-7207"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174731842","display_name":"Islamia University of Bahawalpur","ror":"https://ror.org/002rc4w13","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Ali Nawaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082033110","display_name":"Najia Saher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0368-7496","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0368-7496"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174731842","display_name":"Islamia University of Bahawalpur","ror":"https://ror.org/002rc4w13","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Najia Saher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039179239","display_name":"Nadeem Akhtar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2475-5590","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2475-5590"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174731842","display_name":"Islamia University of Bahawalpur","ror":"https://ror.org/002rc4w13","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nadeem Akhtar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034714129","display_name":"Dost Muhammad Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9303-651X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9303-651X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096473","display_name":"Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/00vmr6593","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096473"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dost Muhammad Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, MNSUAM Multan, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, MNSUAM Multan, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096473"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057663036"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174731842","https://openalex.org/I180726961"],"apc_list":{"value":1880,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2306},"apc_paid":{"value":1880,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2306},"fwci":2.7601,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89670133,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"1","first_page":"493","last_page":"504"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.8604000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.8604000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.05829999968409538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.052000001072883606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canola","display_name":"canola","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"computer vision","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-classification","display_name":"image classification","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram-features","display_name":"histogram features","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/texture-features","display_name":"texture features","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-network","display_name":"artificial neural networks","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seed-image-analysis","display_name":"seed image analysis","score":0.3619999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779223168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98841400","display_name":"Canola","level":2,"score":0.9484087228775024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6789062023162842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87335442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2494345","display_name":"Local binary patterns","level":4,"score":0.6178123950958252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5780106782913208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.5566697716712952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17426736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419918","display_name":"Histogram of oriented gradients","level":4,"score":0.5373706817626953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5101957321166992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42781572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1250322","display_name":"Digital image","level":4,"score":0.42888781428337097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.4262509346008301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5339829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1425977","display_name":"Machine vision","level":2,"score":0.413392037153244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4057287871837616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.37087780237197876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.33497512340545654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.25570958852767944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.1347750723361969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.1061413586139679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0831587016582489}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/10942912.2021.1900235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2021.1900235","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2021.1900235","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80488789","display_name":"International Journal of Food Properties","issn_l":"1094-2912","issn":["1094-2912","1532-2386"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315681","host_organization_name":"Marcel Dekker","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315681"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Marcel Dekker"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Food Properties","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0bc1ec2be72d4b41862fea7eb4a73cd8","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0bc1ec2be72d4b41862fea7eb4a73cd8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Food Properties, Vol 24, Iss 1, Pp 493-504 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10942912.2021.1900235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2021.1900235","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2021.1900235","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80488789","display_name":"International Journal of Food Properties","issn_l":"1094-2912","issn":["1094-2912","1532-2386"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315681","host_organization_name":"Marcel Dekker","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315681"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Marcel Dekker"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Food Properties","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.9208999872207642}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979351020","https://openalex.org/W1980859165","https://openalex.org/W1984422105","https://openalex.org/W1988170979","https://openalex.org/W2004023255","https://openalex.org/W2034980458","https://openalex.org/W2044465660","https://openalex.org/W2075536944","https://openalex.org/W2083804755","https://openalex.org/W2084392061","https://openalex.org/W2087814413","https://openalex.org/W2114439544","https://openalex.org/W2120026449","https://openalex.org/W2143908786","https://openalex.org/W2150903265","https://openalex.org/W2283973429","https://openalex.org/W2284036776","https://openalex.org/W2503350926","https://openalex.org/W2551529781","https://openalex.org/W2801303530","https://openalex.org/W2886590014","https://openalex.org/W2897228234","https://openalex.org/W2914622272","https://openalex.org/W2934580386","https://openalex.org/W2952068604","https://openalex.org/W2969364300","https://openalex.org/W3009836443","https://openalex.org/W3013065154","https://openalex.org/W3017615038","https://openalex.org/W3035982802","https://openalex.org/W3040343225","https://openalex.org/W3095523211"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6991608981","https://openalex.org/W1924614075","https://openalex.org/W3136993381","https://openalex.org/W2072458717","https://openalex.org/W2025461626","https://openalex.org/W3097453555","https://openalex.org/W2087814413","https://openalex.org/W3197085527","https://openalex.org/W2049387737","https://openalex.org/W6925683919"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"aims":[2],"to":[3,13,101,115],"analyze":[4],"the":[5,8,79,105,116],"potential":[6],"of":[7,21,65,107,109],"computer":[9],"vision":[10],"(CV)":[11],"approach":[12],"classify":[14],"eight":[15,22],"canola":[16,23],"varieties.":[17],"The":[18,93],"input":[19],"images":[20,43],"varieties":[24],"were":[25,76],"CON-I,":[26],"CON-II,":[27],"CON-III,":[28],"Pakola,":[29],"Canola":[30,34],"Raya,":[31],"Rainbow,":[32],"PARC":[33],"Hybrid,":[35],"and":[36,73],"Tarnab-III.":[37],"A":[38,84],"digital":[39],"camera":[40],"acquired":[41],"these":[42],"on":[44],"an":[45],"open":[46],"sunny":[47],"day":[48],"without":[49],"any":[50],"complex":[51],"laboratory":[52],"setup.":[53],"First-order":[54],"histogram":[55],"features,":[56,60,62],"second-order":[57],"statistical":[58],"texture":[59],"binary":[61],"spectral":[63],"features":[64],"three":[66],"bands":[67],"were,":[68],"blue":[69],"(B),":[70],"green":[71],"(G),":[72],"red":[74],"(R),":[75],"employed":[77],"in":[78],"artificial":[80],"neural":[81],"network":[82],"(ANN).":[83],"10-fold":[85],"stratified":[86],"cross-validation":[87],"method":[88],"was":[89],"used":[90],"for":[91],"classification.":[92],"best":[94],"results":[95],"with":[96],"accuracy":[97],"ranging":[98],"from":[99],"95%":[100],"98%":[102],"observed":[103],"when":[104],"data":[106],"regions":[108],"interest":[110],"(512":[111],"\u00d7":[112],"512)":[113],"deployed":[114],"classifier.":[117]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2021-03-29T00:00:00"}
