{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3136062009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3064338","title":"A Three-Step Imaging Algorithm for the Constellation of Geostationary and Low Earth Orbit SAR (ConGaLSAR)","display_name":"A Three-Step Imaging Algorithm for the Constellation of Geostationary and Low Earth Orbit SAR (ConGaLSAR)","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3136062009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3064338","mag":"3136062009"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2021.3064338","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3064338","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3064338","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015076516","display_name":"Peng Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7129-4614","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7129-4614"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194716290","display_name":"China Academy of Space Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/025397a59","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194716290","https://openalex.org/I2802615301"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, China Academy of Space Technology (CAST), Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7129-4614","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, China Academy of Space Technology (CAST), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194716290"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000921686","display_name":"Wei Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6508-0940","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6508-0940"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6508-0940","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034316324","display_name":"Min Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9826-9080","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9826-9080","https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0773-3233"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194716290","display_name":"China Academy of Space Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/025397a59","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194716290","https://openalex.org/I2802615301"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, China Academy of Space Technology (CAST), Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9826-9080","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, China Academy of Space Technology (CAST), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194716290"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100410529","display_name":"Bo Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0951-3115","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0951-3115"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194716290","display_name":"China Academy of Space Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/025397a59","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194716290","https://openalex.org/I2802615301"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, China Academy of Space Technology (CAST), Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0951-3115","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, China Academy of Space Technology (CAST), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194716290"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2045,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2045},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.38,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53104089,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12983","display_name":"Satellite Image Processing and Photogrammetry","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bistatic-sar","display_name":"bistatic SAR","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range-cell-migration-correction","display_name":"range cell migration correction","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/squint-angle","display_name":"squint angle","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range-compression","display_name":"range compression","score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wide-swath-imaging","display_name":"wide swath imaging","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sar-constellation","display_name":"SAR constellation","score":0.3540000021457672}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16405173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192316","display_name":"Geostationary orbit","level":3,"score":0.8621099591255188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7268823385238647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.6875793933868408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94042562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q472251","display_name":"Geosynchronous orbit","level":3,"score":0.6557815074920654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6403732299804688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70352696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8928","display_name":"Constellation","level":2,"score":0.557813286781311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100102862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625855","display_name":"Bistatic radar","level":4,"score":0.5249176621437073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5217909812927246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196644772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3884964","display_name":"Orbit (dynamics)","level":2,"score":0.46122509241104126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142930","display_name":"CubeSat","level":3,"score":0.4552156329154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181843262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640492","display_name":"Digital elevation model","level":2,"score":0.44197383522987366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109094680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6060432","display_name":"Inverse synthetic aperture radar","level":4,"score":0.43859827518463135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39399123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1348989","display_name":"Earth observation","level":3,"score":0.4304671883583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.38994598388671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.36874574422836304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.3557027578353882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.32528337836265564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.30439111590385437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14065203070640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13755053281784058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.09418356418609619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2021.3064338","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3064338","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3064338","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5607096474","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62031005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W357677209","https://openalex.org/W1498864259","https://openalex.org/W1976543496","https://openalex.org/W1999963988","https://openalex.org/W2002041268","https://openalex.org/W2004503428","https://openalex.org/W2045446836","https://openalex.org/W2088574662","https://openalex.org/W2100486279","https://openalex.org/W2105984224","https://openalex.org/W2109896001","https://openalex.org/W2118353072","https://openalex.org/W2132261386","https://openalex.org/W2148427957","https://openalex.org/W2152234893","https://openalex.org/W2152897285","https://openalex.org/W2154063429","https://openalex.org/W2166274301","https://openalex.org/W2170883821","https://openalex.org/W2172080481","https://openalex.org/W2199509723","https://openalex.org/W2390245307","https://openalex.org/W2493986092","https://openalex.org/W2767691372","https://openalex.org/W2771072433","https://openalex.org/W2789345581","https://openalex.org/W2795262079","https://openalex.org/W2803353671","https://openalex.org/W2894241377","https://openalex.org/W2896458713","https://openalex.org/W2901831350","https://openalex.org/W2910495397","https://openalex.org/W2972648257","https://openalex.org/W2987980516","https://openalex.org/W2989463237","https://openalex.org/W3002443663","https://openalex.org/W3035648237","https://openalex.org/W3039569670","https://openalex.org/W3126492163","https://openalex.org/W6688581425"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3002443663","https://openalex.org/W3035648237","https://openalex.org/W3133401400","https://openalex.org/W2391916810","https://openalex.org/W2363974325","https://openalex.org/W4415933781","https://openalex.org/W2901467211","https://openalex.org/W3133319516","https://openalex.org/W2282619713","https://openalex.org/W2096514100"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"novel":[1],"synthetic":[2],"aperture":[3],"radar":[4],"(SAR)":[5],"constellation":[6],"called":[7],"Constellation":[8],"of":[9,55,63,69,155,161,170,176,191],"Geostationary":[10],"and":[11,21,93,121,142,153,180],"Low":[12],"Earth":[13,24],"Orbit":[14],"SAR":[15,138],"(ConGaLSAR),":[16],"including":[17],"one":[18],"geostationary":[19],"illuminator":[20],"several":[22],"low":[23],"orbit":[25],"CubeSat":[26],"transponders,":[27],"was":[28],"previously":[29],"proposed":[30,82],"with":[31],"outstanding":[32],"revisiting.":[33],"The":[34,61],"MirrorSAR":[35],"technology":[36],"used":[37],"in":[38,53,117,127],"transponder":[39],"significantly":[40],"simplifies":[41],"the":[42,49,56,70,90,112,118,128,151,156,159,162,174,188],"satellite;":[43],"however,":[44],"it":[45],"brings":[46],"complexity":[47],"to":[48,83,149,187],"imaging":[50,59,79,86],"geometry,":[51],"resulting":[52],"failures":[54],"traditional":[57],"bistatic":[58,137],"method.":[60],"introduction":[62],"probe":[64],"signals":[65],"achieves":[66],"accurate":[67,85],"measurement":[68],"additional":[71,113],"transponding":[72,91],"distance.":[73],"In":[74],"this":[75],"article,":[76],"a":[77,177,181],"three-step":[78],"method":[80],"is":[81,164],"realize":[84],"processing":[87],"aiming":[88],"at":[89],"mechanism":[92],"wide":[94],"swath":[95,183],"observation:":[96],"1)":[97],"linear":[98],"time":[99],"variation":[100],"for":[101,111,131],"range":[102,109,123],"cell":[103,124,133],"migration":[104,125],"grid":[105,134],"correction;":[106],"2)":[107],"second":[108],"compression":[110],"squint":[114],"angle":[115],"introduced":[116],"previous":[119],"step;":[120],"3)":[122],"correction":[126],"range-Doppler":[129],"domain":[130],"nonuniform":[132],"caused":[135],"by":[136],"(BiSAR).":[139],"Digital":[140],"simulations":[141],"real":[143],"BiSAR":[144],"data":[145],"experiments":[146],"are":[147],"conducted":[148],"verify":[150],"effectiveness":[152],"accuracy":[154],"algorithm.":[157],"Moreover,":[158],"influence":[160],"elevation":[163,171],"analyzed,":[165],"confirming":[166],"its":[167],"excellent":[168],"tolerance":[169],"errors":[172],"under":[173],"condition":[175],"3-m":[178],"resolution":[179],"40-km":[182],"width,":[184],"which":[185],"conforms":[186],"system":[189],"design":[190],"ConGaLSAR.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2021-03-29T00:00:00"}