{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3135983480","doi":null,"title":"Item writing skills and their development:Insights from an induction item writer training course","display_name":"Item writing skills and their development:Insights from an induction item writer training course","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3135983480","mag":"3135983480"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lancs.ac.uk:152813","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/152813/1/2021rossiphd.pdf","pdf_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/152813/1/2021rossiphd.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401916","display_name":"Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","host_organization_name":"Lancaster University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/152813/1/2021rossiphd.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038988253","display_name":"Olena Rossi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6030-8168","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6030-8168"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Olena Rossi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6030-8168","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038988253"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.5756999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.5756999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10959","display_name":"Student Assessment and Feedback","score":0.10000000149011612,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12884","display_name":"Educational Assessment and Pedagogy","score":0.07999999821186066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/item-writing","display_name":"item writing","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/item-quality","display_name":"item quality","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-validity","display_name":"test validity","score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/listening-activities","display_name":"listening activities","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/writing-prompts","display_name":"writing prompts","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-training-course","display_name":"online training course","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/course-feedback","display_name":"course feedback","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/participant-profile","display_name":"participant profile","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-learning-theory","display_name":"social learning theory","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-assessment","display_name":"language assessment","score":0.4690000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learner-autonomy","display_name":"learner autonomy","score":0.32600000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-engagement","display_name":"student engagement","score":0.35899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-self-regulation","display_name":"student self-regulation","score":0.4429999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-self-efficacy","display_name":"student self-efficacy","score":0.49799999594688416}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177291462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423038","display_name":"Active listening","level":2,"score":0.6772324442863464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6726148128509521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26022165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091","display_name":"Grammar","level":2,"score":0.6058703064918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19875794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207340","display_name":"Item response theory","level":3,"score":0.46226370334625244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156639949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13362737","display_name":"Item bank","level":4,"score":0.4578404128551483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.42992156744003296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4152204692363739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.3971864879131317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.3857264518737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.3614981770515442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.2046518623828888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.11841514706611633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.10236233472824097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lancs.ac.uk:152813","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/152813/1/2021rossiphd.pdf","pdf_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/152813/1/2021rossiphd.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401916","display_name":"Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","host_organization_name":"Lancaster University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:3135983480","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/152813/","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lancs.ac.uk:152813","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/152813/1/2021rossiphd.pdf","pdf_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/152813/1/2021rossiphd.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401916","display_name":"Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","host_organization_name":"Lancaster University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.975600004196167,"display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial","display_name":"Clinical Trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3135983480.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3135983480.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W609503253","https://openalex.org/W1515667775","https://openalex.org/W1533002860","https://openalex.org/W1600250904","https://openalex.org/W1652799642","https://openalex.org/W1666979010","https://openalex.org/W1971228271","https://openalex.org/W1988295573","https://openalex.org/W1992842034","https://openalex.org/W1995128267","https://openalex.org/W1997933083","https://openalex.org/W2003728145","https://openalex.org/W2008946411","https://openalex.org/W2016550411","https://openalex.org/W2033995789","https://openalex.org/W2039602962","https://openalex.org/W2040088371","https://openalex.org/W2050708426","https://openalex.org/W2054379657","https://openalex.org/W2056250763","https://openalex.org/W2057948712","https://openalex.org/W2057950380","https://openalex.org/W2058849500","https://openalex.org/W2061718109","https://openalex.org/W2062226495","https://openalex.org/W2062561598","https://openalex.org/W2088968115","https://openalex.org/W2112630006","https://openalex.org/W2123236688","https://openalex.org/W2126610996","https://openalex.org/W2130387380","https://openalex.org/W2132786640","https://openalex.org/W2136138078","https://openalex.org/W2137101088","https://openalex.org/W2140757787","https://openalex.org/W2145778665","https://openalex.org/W2149560743","https://openalex.org/W2158504844","https://openalex.org/W2159741116","https://openalex.org/W2163477862","https://openalex.org/W2170488354","https://openalex.org/W2327037637","https://openalex.org/W2460929853","https://openalex.org/W2463058248","https://openalex.org/W2545955151","https://openalex.org/W2610240333","https://openalex.org/W2731120854","https://openalex.org/W2734487800","https://openalex.org/W2908443588","https://openalex.org/W2987472124","https://openalex.org/W3010345616","https://openalex.org/W3087973739","https://openalex.org/W3135499121","https://openalex.org/W4253527828","https://openalex.org/W6922616526"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6887918880","https://openalex.org/W3094352825","https://openalex.org/W4415255325","https://openalex.org/W6922524401","https://openalex.org/W2768339592","https://openalex.org/W4253527828","https://openalex.org/W2997733265","https://openalex.org/W326421790","https://openalex.org/W4232763644","https://openalex.org/W116652241"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Item":[0],"quality":[1,92,124,148,252,266,277,286,309],"makes":[2],"a":[3,74,79,84,521,571,577],"significant":[4],"contribution":[5],"to":[6,39,49,101,143,184,200,242,248,270,334,355,411,430,545],"test":[7],"validity,":[8],"thus":[9],"rendering":[10],"the":[11,53,91,103,118,137,156,162,179,188,192,201,211,224,229,234,243,271,289,332,350,368,404,416,483,497,547,562],"work":[12],"of":[13,55,78,93,125,173,296,306,322,328,386,391,418,443,466,486,499,525,549,564,579],"item":[14,30,131,147,265,356,518,583],"writers":[15,519],"critically":[16],"important":[17],"for":[18,117,228,233,374,403,501],"assessment.":[19],"However,":[20],"little":[21],"empirical":[22],"research":[23,62,406,565],"has":[24],"so":[25],"far":[26],"been":[27],"done":[28],"into":[29,52,415,566],"writing,":[31,584],"including":[32],"item-writing":[33,44,56,70,158,194,336,377,394,419,457,479,538,550,567,585],"training.":[34,557],"This":[35,61,542],"thesis":[36],"therefore":[37],"aimed":[38],"investigate":[40,89,154],"an":[41,68,134,249,534],"online":[42],"induction":[43,556],"training":[45,71,104,163,189,272,290,539,568],"course":[46,85,202,212,365],"in":[47,146,191,251,341,360,381,493,533],"order":[48],"gain":[50],"insights":[51,414],"nature":[54,417,548],"skills":[57,159,378,420,458,551],"and":[58,83,114,120,149,176,213,217,232,291,331,388,396,421,440,461,464,523,552,587],"their":[59,376,422,553],"development.":[60,423],"project,":[63],"which":[64],"is":[65],"based":[66],"on":[67,253,399],"existing":[69],"course,":[72],"adopted":[73],"mixed-methods":[75],"approach":[76],"consisting":[77],"pretest-posttest":[80],"quasi-experimental":[81],"study":[82,543,559,575],"feedback":[86,207,398],"study.":[87],"To":[88,153],"how":[90,155],"items":[94,126,231,278,287,294,304,313],"produced":[95,108,275,284],"by":[96,129,358],"participants":[97,170,359,369],"changed":[98],"from":[99],"before":[100,288],"after":[102],"(RQ1),":[105],"25":[106],"trainees":[107,503],"grammar":[109,230],"MC":[110],"items,":[111],"writing":[112,357],"prompts,":[113],"listening":[115,235],"tasks":[116,236],"pre-":[119],"post-training":[121,226,293,312],"assignments.":[122],"The":[123,320,364,401,424,558],"was":[127,221,267,454,474],"evaluated":[128],"expert":[130],"reviewers":[132],"against":[133],"evaluation":[135],"scale;":[136],"evaluations":[138],"were":[139,166,203,237,260,295,305,338,408,426],"then":[140,409],"analysed":[141,177,214],"statistically":[142,238],"identify":[144,185],"changes":[145],"individual":[150,502],"item-writer":[151,588],"variation.":[152],"participants\u2019":[157,193,198],"developed":[160],"through":[161,555],"(RQ2),":[164],"interviews":[165],"conducted":[167],"with":[168,343,428,506],"willing":[169],"upon":[171],"completion":[172],"each":[174],"assignment":[175],"using":[178,215],"Grounded":[180],"Theory":[181],"approach.":[182],"Finally,":[183,512],"what":[186],"role":[187],"played":[190],"skill":[195,480],"development":[196,554],"(RQ3),":[197],"reactions":[199],"collected":[204],"via":[205],"four":[206],"questionnaires":[208],"administered":[209],"throughout":[210],"quantitative":[216],"qualitative":[218],"methods.":[219],"It":[220,453,473],"found":[222,455,476],"that":[223,326,367,456,517],"total":[225],"scores":[227],"significantly":[239],"higher":[240],"compared":[241],"pre-training":[244,303],"ones,":[245],"largely":[246],"due":[247],"improvement":[250],"objectively-scored":[254],"criteria.":[255],"Three":[256],"main":[257,508],"participant":[258],"profiles":[259,510],"identified:":[261],"(a)":[262],"those":[263,282,301],"whose":[264,292,302,311],"low":[268],"prior":[269],"but":[273,310],"who":[274,283],"better":[276,298],"following":[279],"it;":[280],"(b)":[281],"good":[285,308],"even":[297],"quality;":[299],"(c)":[300],"reasonably":[307],"scored":[314],"one":[315],"or":[316],"several":[317],"points":[318],"lower.":[319],"analysis":[321,351],"interview":[323],"transcripts":[324],"showed":[325],"awareness":[327],"objective":[329],"requirements":[330],"ability":[333],"use":[335],"tools":[337],"generally":[339],"sufficient":[340],"complying":[342],"these":[344],"requirements.":[345],"For":[346],"subjective":[347],"requirements,":[348],"however,":[349],"revealed":[352],"different":[353,361,471],"approaches":[354],"profile":[362],"groups.":[363],"features":[366],"reported":[370],"as":[371,491],"most":[372],"useful":[373],"developing":[375],"included:":[379],"input":[380],"language":[382],"assessment":[383],"principles,":[384],"balance":[385],"theory":[387,437,446],"practice,":[389,395],"variety":[390],"activities,":[392],"extensive":[393],"detailed":[397],"items.":[400],"findings":[402,425,515],"three":[405,507],"questions":[407],"triangulated":[410],"provide":[412],"rich":[413],"interpreted":[427],"reference":[429],"two":[431],"learning":[432],"theories":[433],"\u2013":[434],"cognitive":[435,488],"ACT-R":[436,494],"(Anderson,":[438,495],"1993)":[439],"social":[441],"Communities":[442],"Practice":[444],"(CoP)":[445],"(Love":[447,529],"&":[448,530],"Wenger,":[449,451,531],"1991;":[450],"1998).":[452],"are":[459,520],"item-type":[460],"proficiency-level":[462],"specific":[463],"consist":[465],"multiple":[467],"components":[468],"acquired":[469],"at":[470],"rates.":[472],"further":[475],"that,":[477],"while":[478],"acquisition":[481,490,500],"follows":[482],"\u2018typical\u2019":[484],"process":[485],"complex":[487],"skills\u2019":[489],"described":[492],"1993),":[496],"trajectories":[498],"might":[504],"vary,":[505],"trainee":[509],"described.":[511],"this":[513,574],"study\u2019s":[514],"confirmed":[516],"CoP,":[522],"elements":[524],"legitimate":[526],"peripheral":[527],"participation":[528],"1991)":[532],"item-writers\u2019":[535],"community":[536],"make":[537],"more":[540],"effective.":[541],"contributes":[544],"understanding":[546],"also":[560],"advances":[561],"methodology":[563],"effects.":[569],"From":[570],"practical":[572],"perspective,":[573],"provides":[576],"range":[578],"recommendations":[580],"concerning":[581],"operational":[582],"training,":[586],"recruitment.":[589]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2021-03-29T00:00:00"}