{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3135953337","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11030794","title":"Electronics of Anion Hot Injection-Synthesized Te-Functionalized Kesterite Nanomaterial","display_name":"Electronics of Anion Hot Injection-Synthesized Te-Functionalized Kesterite Nanomaterial","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3135953337","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11030794","mag":"3135953337","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33808895","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8003653"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/nano11030794","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11030794","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11030794","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/3/794/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764646681","display_name":"Nanomaterials","issn_l":"2079-4991","issn":["2079-4991"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nanomaterials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/3/794/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022302714","display_name":"Kelechi Chiemezie Nwambaekwe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8594-1616","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8594-1616"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I869660684","display_name":"University of the Western Cape","ror":"https://ror.org/00h2vm590","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I869660684"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kelechi C. Nwambaekwe","raw_affiliation_strings":["SensorLab (University of the Western Cape Sensor Laboratories), University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8594-1616","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SensorLab (University of the Western Cape Sensor Laboratories), University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I869660684"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000648695","display_name":"Milua Masikini","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I869660684","display_name":"University of the Western Cape","ror":"https://ror.org/00h2vm590","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I869660684"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Milua Masikini","raw_affiliation_strings":["SensorLab (University of the Western Cape Sensor Laboratories), University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SensorLab (University of the Western Cape Sensor Laboratories), University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I869660684"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047220531","display_name":"Penny Mathumba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2198-6978","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2198-6978"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I869660684","display_name":"University of the Western Cape","ror":"https://ror.org/00h2vm590","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I869660684"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Penny Mathumba","raw_affiliation_strings":["SensorLab (University of the Western Cape Sensor Laboratories), University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SensorLab (University of the Western Cape Sensor Laboratories), University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I869660684"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046022561","display_name":"Morongwa E. Ramoroka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7845-6233","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7845-6233"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I869660684","display_name":"University of the Western Cape","ror":"https://ror.org/00h2vm590","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I869660684"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Morongwa E. Ramoroka","raw_affiliation_strings":["SensorLab (University of the Western Cape Sensor Laboratories), University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7845-6233","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SensorLab (University of the Western Cape Sensor Laboratories), University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I869660684"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060506281","display_name":"Samantha Fiona Douman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1491-8563","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1491-8563"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I869660684","display_name":"University of the Western Cape","ror":"https://ror.org/00h2vm590","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I869660684"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samantha Duoman","raw_affiliation_strings":["SensorLab (University of the Western Cape Sensor Laboratories), University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SensorLab (University of the Western Cape Sensor Laboratories), University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I869660684"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006130719","display_name":"Vivian S. John\u2010Denk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0480-2636","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0480-2636"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I869660684","display_name":"University of the Western Cape","ror":"https://ror.org/00h2vm590","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I869660684"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vivian Suru John-Denk","raw_affiliation_strings":["SensorLab (University of the Western Cape Sensor Laboratories), University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0480-2636","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SensorLab (University of the Western Cape Sensor Laboratories), University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I869660684"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083285691","display_name":"Emmanuel Iheanyichukwu Iwuoha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6102-0433","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6102-0433"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I869660684","display_name":"University of the Western Cape","ror":"https://ror.org/00h2vm590","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I869660684"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Emmanuel I. Iwuoha","raw_affiliation_strings":["SensorLab (University of the Western Cape Sensor Laboratories), University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6102-0433","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SensorLab (University of the Western Cape Sensor Laboratories), University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I869660684"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006130719","https://openalex.org/A5022302714","https://openalex.org/A5083285691"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I869660684"],"apc_list":{"value":2200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2376},"apc_paid":{"value":2200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2376},"fwci":0.8813,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6873056,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"3","first_page":"794","last_page":"794"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10590","display_name":"Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10590","display_name":"Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10321","display_name":"Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10440","display_name":"Advanced Thermoelectric Materials and Devices","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kesterite","display_name":"kesterite","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tellurium-substitution","display_name":"tellurium substitution","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solid-solutions","display_name":"solid solutions","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-absorbers","display_name":"photovoltaic absorber materials","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-stability","display_name":"thermal stability","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-conductivity","display_name":"electrical conductivity","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charge-transfer-resistance","display_name":"charge transfer resistance","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/band-gap","display_name":"band gap","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crystal-structure","display_name":"crystal structure","score":0.5580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raman-shift","display_name":"Raman shift","score":0.7509999871253967}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775851497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411526","display_name":"Kesterite","level":4,"score":0.9148110151290894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779728058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424930","display_name":"CZTS","level":3,"score":0.8579484820365906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.8202151656150818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60100273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902806","display_name":"Thermogravimetric analysis","level":2,"score":0.6141946911811829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4757941961288452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40003534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q862228","display_name":"Raman spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.4525448977947235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780824857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58803","display_name":"Solar cell","level":2,"score":0.4211381673812866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C525849907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096","display_name":"Tin","level":2,"score":0.4140142798423767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181966813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q806352","display_name":"Band gap","level":2,"score":0.41330695152282715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.18345612287521362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.16271159052848816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.08465474843978882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/nano11030794","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11030794","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11030794","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/3/794/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764646681","display_name":"Nanomaterials","issn_l":"2079-4991","issn":["2079-4991"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nanomaterials","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33808895","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33808895","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8003653","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8003653/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nanomaterials (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b26c0d2ab94b4b76af30ae6418b8fd5b","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b26c0d2ab94b4b76af30ae6418b8fd5b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Nanomaterials, Vol 11, Iss 3, p 794 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.uwc.ac.za:10566/6122","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10566/6122","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400180","display_name":"UWC Research Repository (University of the Western Cape)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I869660684","host_organization_name":"University of the Western Cape","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I869660684"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/nano11030794","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11030794","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11030794","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/3/794/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764646681","display_name":"Nanomaterials","issn_l":"2079-4991","issn":["2079-4991"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nanomaterials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.878000020980835,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3135953337.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3135953337.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W77057307","https://openalex.org/W879918142","https://openalex.org/W1450867302","https://openalex.org/W1596401142","https://openalex.org/W1758968098","https://openalex.org/W1869857812","https://openalex.org/W1904791620","https://openalex.org/W1958875537","https://openalex.org/W1979583260","https://openalex.org/W1983285705","https://openalex.org/W1988931875","https://openalex.org/W1995113380","https://openalex.org/W2004924593","https://openalex.org/W2015054800","https://openalex.org/W2025977045","https://openalex.org/W2036238052","https://openalex.org/W2037675092","https://openalex.org/W2041351054","https://openalex.org/W2061104420","https://openalex.org/W2061689131","https://openalex.org/W2067342051","https://openalex.org/W2069015247","https://openalex.org/W2069407729","https://openalex.org/W2074538267","https://openalex.org/W2075712377","https://openalex.org/W2075982658","https://openalex.org/W2076904122","https://openalex.org/W2080136146","https://openalex.org/W2080680608","https://openalex.org/W2112836469","https://openalex.org/W2138253592","https://openalex.org/W2154778341","https://openalex.org/W2156043887","https://openalex.org/W2182629386","https://openalex.org/W2316136403","https://openalex.org/W2330098576","https://openalex.org/W2332965188","https://openalex.org/W2343610157","https://openalex.org/W2344160787","https://openalex.org/W2364980550","https://openalex.org/W2473024098","https://openalex.org/W2486216888","https://openalex.org/W2529900912","https://openalex.org/W2562157179","https://openalex.org/W2586837680","https://openalex.org/W2613032155","https://openalex.org/W2745323705","https://openalex.org/W2802196372","https://openalex.org/W2807858335","https://openalex.org/W2909574559","https://openalex.org/W2926110744","https://openalex.org/W2947241531","https://openalex.org/W2952329074","https://openalex.org/W2966910770","https://openalex.org/W3022602249","https://openalex.org/W4234985708","https://openalex.org/W4242807696","https://openalex.org/W4250483906","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6686217490"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7018819226","https://openalex.org/W1972943617","https://openalex.org/W3137358212","https://openalex.org/W2959853186","https://openalex.org/W2345411668","https://openalex.org/W4285491714","https://openalex.org/W2155158786","https://openalex.org/W4225113234","https://openalex.org/W2535609923","https://openalex.org/W4383720786"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Metal":[0],"chalcogenides":[1],"such":[2,49],"as":[3,13,50],"copper":[4,95],"zinc":[5,96],"tin":[6,97],"sulfide":[7,98],"(CZTS)":[8],"have":[9,21,55,59,198],"been":[10,22,56],"intensively":[11],"studied":[12],"potential":[14,31],"photovoltaic":[15,188],"cell":[16,189],"materials,":[17],"but":[18],"their":[19,36],"viability":[20],"marred":[23],"by":[24,137],"crystal":[25],"defects":[26],"and":[27,58,70,113,125,146,157,162,167,175,192,236],"low":[28,231,244],"open":[29],"circuit":[30],"(Voc)":[32],"deficit,":[33],"which":[34],"affected":[35],"energy":[37,246],"conversion":[38],"efficiency.":[39],"Strategies":[40],"to":[41,84,128,184,197,222],"improve":[42],"on":[43],"the":[44,66,71,129,138,152,176,185,216,239,251],"properties":[45,257],"of":[46,68,74,89,121,144,178,187,219,248],"this":[47],"material":[48],"alloying":[51],"with":[52,76,132,242],"other":[53],"elements":[54],"explored":[57],"yielded":[60],"promising":[61],"results.":[62],"Here,":[63],"we":[64],"report":[65],"synthesis":[67,82],"CZTS":[69,112,145,223],"partial":[72],"substitution":[73],"S":[75],"Te":[77],"via":[78,103],"anion":[79],"hot":[80,179],"injection":[81],"method":[83],"form":[85],"a":[86,90,212,243],"solid":[87],"solution":[88],"novel":[91,252],"kesterite":[92,130],"nanomaterial,":[93],"namely,":[94],"telluride":[99],"(CZTSTe).":[100],"Particle-size":[101],"analyzed":[102],"small":[104],"angle":[105],"X-ray":[106,139],"scattering":[107],"spectroscopy":[108,150],"(SAXS)":[109],"confirmed":[110,151],"that":[111,203],"CZTSTe":[114,220,253],"materials":[115,202],"are":[116,181,204],"nanostructured.":[117],"Crystal":[118],"planes":[119],"values":[120],"112,":[122],"200,":[123],"220":[124],"312":[126],"corresponding":[127],"phase":[131],"tetragonal":[133],"modification":[134],"were":[135],"revealed":[136],"diffraction":[140],"(XRD)":[141],"spectroscopic":[142],"analysis":[143,208,210],"CZTSTe.":[147,171],"The":[148],"Raman":[149],"shifts":[153],"at":[154,224],"281":[155],"cm\u22121":[156,159,166,169],"347":[158],"for":[160,170,258],"CZTS,":[161],"124":[163],"cm\u22121,":[164],"149":[165],"318":[168],"High":[172],"degradation":[173],"rate":[174],"production":[177],"electrons":[180],"very":[182],"detrimental":[183],"lifespan":[186],"(PVC)":[190],"devices,":[191],"thus":[193],"it":[194],"is":[195],"important":[196],"PVC":[199],"absorber":[200],"layer":[201],"thermally":[205],"stable.":[206],"Thermogravimetric":[207],"(TGA)":[209],"indicated":[211],"10%":[213],"improvement":[214],"in":[215,238],"thermal":[217],"stability":[218],"compared":[221],"650":[225],"\u00b0C.":[226],"With":[227],"improved":[228],"electrical":[229],"conductivity,":[230],"charge":[232],"transfer":[233],"resistance":[234],"(Rct)":[235],"absorption":[237],"visible":[240],"region":[241],"bandgap":[245],"(Eg)":[247],"1.54":[249],"eV,":[250],"nanomaterials":[254],"displayed":[255],"favorable":[256],"photovoltaics":[259],"application.":[260]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2021-03-29T00:00:00"}
