{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3135547338","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d0rp00354a","title":"The role of visuospatial thinking in students\u2019 predictions of molecular geometry","display_name":"The role of visuospatial thinking in students\u2019 predictions of molecular geometry","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3135547338","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d0rp00354a","mag":"3135547338"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1039/d0rp00354a","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d0rp00354a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d0rp00354a","pdf_url":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2021/rp/d0rp00354a","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165966090","display_name":"Chemistry Education Research and Practice","issn_l":"1109-4028","issn":["1109-4028","1756-1108"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320556","host_organization_name":"Royal Society of Chemistry","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320556"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Society of Chemistry"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Chemistry Education Research and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2021/rp/d0rp00354a","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001910492","display_name":"Nicola A. Kiernan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7423-4772","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7423-4772"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nicola A. Kiernan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Research in Digital Education","Edinburgh","Moray House School of Education","The University of Edinburgh","UK","Centre for Research in Digital Education, Moray House School of Education, The University of Edinburgh, Holyrood Road, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7423-4772","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Research in Digital Education","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Edinburgh","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Moray House School of Education","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Edinburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UK","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Research in Digital Education, Moray House School of Education, The University of Edinburgh, Holyrood Road, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047073621","display_name":"Andrew Manches","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1622-5971","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1622-5971"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Manches","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Research in Digital Education","Edinburgh","Moray House School of Education","The University of Edinburgh","UK","Centre for Research in Digital Education, Moray House School of Education, The University of Edinburgh, Holyrood Road, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Research in Digital Education","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Edinburgh","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Moray House School of Education","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Edinburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UK","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Research in Digital Education, Moray House School of Education, The University of Edinburgh, Holyrood Road, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075859801","display_name":"Michael K. Seery","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1876-9339","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1876-9339"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael K. Seery","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Research in Digital Education","Edinburgh","Moray House School of Education","The University of Edinburgh","UK","Centre for Research in Digital Education, Moray House School of Education, The University of Edinburgh, Holyrood Road, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1876-9339","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Research in Digital Education","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Edinburgh","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Moray House School of Education","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Edinburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UK","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Research in Digital Education, Moray House School of Education, The University of Edinburgh, Holyrood Road, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001910492"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.1888,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98590188,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":92,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"3","first_page":"626","last_page":"639"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10072","display_name":"Science Education and Pedagogy","score":0.7562999725341797,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10072","display_name":"Science Education and Pedagogy","score":0.7562999725341797,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11904","display_name":"Spatial Cognition and Navigation","score":0.10109999775886536,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11516","display_name":"Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes","score":0.04820000007748604,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-geometry-prediction","display_name":"molecular geometry prediction","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vsepr-theory","display_name":"VSEPR theory","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-reasoning","display_name":"spatial reasoning","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytical-thinking","display_name":"analytical thinking","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagrammatic-representation","display_name":"diagrammatic representation","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reasoning-strategies","display_name":"reasoning strategies","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry-education","display_name":"chemistry education","score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-school-students","display_name":"high school students","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prior-knowledge","display_name":"prior knowledge","score":0.48899999260902405}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106624574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5270387","display_name":"Diagrammatic reasoning","level":2,"score":0.9064205884933472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.8128490447998047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5647575259208679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.5258727073669434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.5078592896461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155911833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3817354","display_name":"Spatial intelligence","level":2,"score":0.5040444731712341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4599546194076538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.43902498483657837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133112747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7251931","display_name":"Protocol analysis","level":2,"score":0.4237216114997864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183521366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256422","display_name":"Psychology of reasoning","level":4,"score":0.41977035999298096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778662690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3125339","display_name":"Spatial ability","level":3,"score":0.4102873206138611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.37974268198013306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3782348036766052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36964233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7920942","display_name":"Verbal reasoning","level":3,"score":0.36103755235671997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.351816326379776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3090308606624603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24017438292503357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09335523843765259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1039/d0rp00354a","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d0rp00354a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d0rp00354a","pdf_url":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2021/rp/d0rp00354a","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165966090","display_name":"Chemistry Education Research and Practice","issn_l":"1109-4028","issn":["1109-4028","1756-1108"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320556","host_organization_name":"Royal Society of Chemistry","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320556"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Society of Chemistry"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Chemistry Education Research and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:openaire/aad181b8-2f1e-4a2b-9c66-2e9219bb02b4","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/aad181b8-2f1e-4a2b-9c66-2e9219bb02b4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400321","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","host_organization_name":"University of Edinburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Kiernan, N, Manches, A & Seery, M K 2021, 'The role of visuospatial thinking in students\u2019 predictions of molecular geometry', Chemistry Education Research and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0RP00354A","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:openaire/12fb8f64-7969-4bd9-9c8b-de98a1ff8cc2","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/12fb8f64-7969-4bd9-9c8b-de98a1ff8cc2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055359","display_name":"Explore Bristol Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Kiernan, N A, Manches, A & Seery, M K 2021, 'The role of visuospatial thinking in students' predictions of molecular geometry', Chemistry Education Research and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0rp00354a","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1039/d0rp00354a","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d0rp00354a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d0rp00354a","pdf_url":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2021/rp/d0rp00354a","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165966090","display_name":"Chemistry Education Research and Practice","issn_l":"1109-4028","issn":["1109-4028","1756-1108"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320556","host_organization_name":"Royal Society of Chemistry","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320556"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Society of Chemistry"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Chemistry Education Research and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8278999924659729,"display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3135547338.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3135547338.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1508656924","https://openalex.org/W1521041562","https://openalex.org/W1530426295","https://openalex.org/W1580565670","https://openalex.org/W1594322931","https://openalex.org/W1798311283","https://openalex.org/W1951384579","https://openalex.org/W1964572141","https://openalex.org/W1974249740","https://openalex.org/W1977978643","https://openalex.org/W1991176879","https://openalex.org/W1995669036","https://openalex.org/W1998587176","https://openalex.org/W2002591854","https://openalex.org/W2004599511","https://openalex.org/W2017074767","https://openalex.org/W2018574088","https://openalex.org/W2025536151","https://openalex.org/W2030181881","https://openalex.org/W2033709266","https://openalex.org/W2035901571","https://openalex.org/W2054175333","https://openalex.org/W2056494283","https://openalex.org/W2060296256","https://openalex.org/W2063099975","https://openalex.org/W2070802688","https://openalex.org/W2075150770","https://openalex.org/W2081005585","https://openalex.org/W2087360847","https://openalex.org/W2102099172","https://openalex.org/W2111992964","https://openalex.org/W2113783426","https://openalex.org/W2115198627","https://openalex.org/W2119409020","https://openalex.org/W2129288950","https://openalex.org/W2130318824","https://openalex.org/W2146630612","https://openalex.org/W2167361454","https://openalex.org/W2168380093","https://openalex.org/W2222745776","https://openalex.org/W2293691271","https://openalex.org/W2328213483","https://openalex.org/W2537166308","https://openalex.org/W2584507538","https://openalex.org/W2613022383","https://openalex.org/W2620148770","https://openalex.org/W2632014367","https://openalex.org/W2739223646","https://openalex.org/W2766800374","https://openalex.org/W2794679822","https://openalex.org/W2964825447","https://openalex.org/W3016268231"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390603414","https://openalex.org/W6921397824","https://openalex.org/W3181459727","https://openalex.org/W2087360847","https://openalex.org/W7167717778","https://openalex.org/W1991176879","https://openalex.org/W3155439443","https://openalex.org/W2103678207","https://openalex.org/W122010503","https://openalex.org/W4411969788"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Visuospatial":[0],"thinking":[1],"is":[2,18],"considered":[3],"crucial":[4],"for":[5,165,195,219],"understanding":[6],"of":[7,73,105,111,135,154,190,202],"three-dimensional":[8],"spatial":[9],"concepts":[10],"in":[11,101,220],"STEM":[12],"disciplines.":[13],"Despite":[14],"their":[15,102],"importance,":[16],"little":[17],"known":[19],"about":[20,60],"the":[21,30,132,152,187],"underlying":[22],"cognitive":[23],"processing":[24],"required":[25],"to":[26,36,43,70,116,139,157],"spatially":[27],"reason":[28],"and":[29,45,48,63,109,131,173,198],"varied":[31],"strategies":[32,67,168,205],"students":[33,50,88,123,162,184],"may":[34],"employ":[35],"solve":[37],"visuospatial":[38],"problems.":[39],"This":[40,192],"study":[41],"seeks":[42],"identify":[44],"describe":[46],"how":[47],"when":[49,56],"use":[51,153,201],"imagistic":[52,174],"or":[53],"analytical":[54,129,159],"reasoning":[55,66,76,126,167,204],"making":[57],"pen-on-paper":[58,80],"predictions":[59],"molecular":[61,141],"geometry":[62],"if":[64],"particular":[65],"are":[68,206,215],"linked":[69],"greater":[71,177],"accuracy":[72,178],"responses.":[74],"Student":[75],"was":[77,145],"evidenced":[78],"through":[79],"responses":[81,115],"generated":[82],"by":[83],"high":[84,86],"attaining,":[85],"school":[87,224],"(":[89],"N":[90],"=":[91],"10)":[92],"studying":[93],"Valence":[94],"Shell":[95],"Electron":[96],"Pair":[97],"Repulsion":[98],"(VSEPR)":[99],"Theory":[100],"final":[103],"year":[104],"chemistry.":[106],"Through":[107],"analysis":[108],"coding":[110],"students\u2019":[112],"open-ended":[113],"paper-based":[114],"an":[117],"introductory":[118],"task,":[119],"results":[120],"revealed":[121],"that":[122,147],"employed":[124],"multiple":[125],"strategies,":[127],"including":[128],"heuristics":[130],"spontaneous":[133],"construction":[134],"external":[136],"diagrammatic":[137,181],"representations":[138,182],"predict":[140],"geometry.":[142],"Importantly,":[143],"it":[144],"observed":[146],"despite":[148],"being":[149],"instructed":[150],"on":[151,170],"VSEPR":[155],"theory":[156],"find":[158],"solutions,":[160],"some":[161],"exhibited":[163],"preference":[164],"alternative":[166],"drawing":[169],"prior":[171],"knowledge":[172],"reasoning;":[175],"showing":[176],"with":[179],"3D":[180],"than":[183],"who":[185],"used":[186],"algorithmic":[188],"method":[189],"instruction.":[191],"has":[193],"implications":[194],"both":[196],"research":[197],"practice":[199],"as":[200,210],"specific":[203],"not":[207],"readily":[208],"promoted":[209],"a":[211],"pedagogical":[212],"approach":[213],"nor":[214],"they":[216],"given":[217],"credit":[218],"national":[221],"examinations":[222],"at":[223],"level.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2021-03-15T00:00:00"}