{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3135521685","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-021-00276-3","title":"Testing encoding specificity and the diagnostic feature-detection theory of eyewitness identification, with implications for showups, lineups, and partially disguised perpetrators","display_name":"Testing encoding specificity and the diagnostic feature-detection theory of eyewitness identification, with implications for showups, lineups, and partially disguised perpetrators","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3135521685","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-021-00276-3","mag":"3135521685","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33660118","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7930176"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s41235-021-00276-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-021-00276-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-021-00276-3","pdf_url":"https://cognitiveresearchjournal.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s41235-021-00276-3","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035657644","display_name":"Cognitive Research Principles and Implications","issn_l":"2365-7464","issn":["2365-7464"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://cognitiveresearchjournal.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s41235-021-00276-3","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057267482","display_name":"Curt A. Carlson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3909-7773","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3909-7773"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206651237","display_name":"East Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01red3556","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206651237"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Curt A. Carlson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas A&M University -Commerce, PO Box 3011, Commerce, TX, 75429, USA. curt.carlson@tamuc.edu","Texas A&M University \u2013Commerce, PO Box 3011, Commerce, TX, 75429, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3909-7773","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&M University -Commerce, PO Box 3011, Commerce, TX, 75429, USA. curt.carlson@tamuc.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206651237"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&M University \u2013Commerce, PO Box 3011, Commerce, TX, 75429, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206651237"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071155879","display_name":"Jacob A. Hemby","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206651237","display_name":"East Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01red3556","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206651237"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacob A. Hemby","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas A&M University -Commerce, PO Box 3011, Commerce, TX, 75429, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&M University -Commerce, PO Box 3011, Commerce, TX, 75429, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206651237"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000988181","display_name":"Alex R. Wooten","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7948-1676","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7948-1676"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185439253","display_name":"Hollins University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dt3h538","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185439253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex R. Wooten","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hollins University, Roanoke, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hollins University, Roanoke, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185439253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001297382","display_name":"Alyssa R. Jones","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7673-4105","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7673-4105"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206651237","display_name":"East Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01red3556","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206651237"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alyssa R. Jones","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas A&M University -Commerce, PO Box 3011, Commerce, TX, 75429, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&M University -Commerce, PO Box 3011, Commerce, TX, 75429, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206651237"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091538909","display_name":"Robert F. Lockamyeir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8967-4834","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8967-4834"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206651237","display_name":"East Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01red3556","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206651237"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert F. Lockamyeir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas A&M University -Commerce, PO Box 3011, Commerce, TX, 75429, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&M University -Commerce, PO Box 3011, Commerce, TX, 75429, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206651237"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037128442","display_name":"Maria A. Carlson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6869-9100","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6869-9100"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206651237","display_name":"East Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01red3556","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206651237"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria A. Carlson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas A&M University -Commerce, PO Box 3011, Commerce, TX, 75429, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&M University -Commerce, PO Box 3011, Commerce, TX, 75429, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206651237"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012896821","display_name":"Jennifer L. Dias","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75063564","display_name":"Tarleton State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0263v9e25","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75063564"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer L. Dias","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tarleton State University, Stephenville, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tarleton State University, Stephenville, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75063564"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077814904","display_name":"Jane E. Whittington","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0498-8469","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0498-8469"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40165345","display_name":"Holy Family University","ror":"https://ror.org/0202stx84","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40165345"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jane E. Whittington","raw_affiliation_strings":["Holy Family University, Philadelphia, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Holy Family University, Philadelphia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40165345"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057267482"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206651237"],"apc_list":{"value":1490,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1490},"apc_paid":{"value":1490,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1490},"fwci":1.858,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83767902,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":"14","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12268","display_name":"Deception detection and forensic psychology","score":0.5,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12268","display_name":"Deception detection and forensic psychology","score":0.5,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10918","display_name":"Memory Processes and Influences","score":0.48579999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11094","display_name":"Face Recognition and Perception","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eyewitness-identification","display_name":"eyewitness identification","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding-specificity","display_name":"encoding specificity","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/showups","display_name":"showups","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lineups","display_name":"lineups","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-information","display_name":"facial information","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminability","display_name":"discriminability","score":0.5870000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-decision-making","display_name":"police decision-making","score":0.4059999883174896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778223634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224952","display_name":"Suspect","level":2,"score":0.8442752361297607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779922007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5422882","display_name":"Eyewitness identification","level":3,"score":0.7957848906517029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7469706535339355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6102064847946167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.5488156676292419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14482466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5375501","display_name":"Encoding specificity principle","level":3,"score":0.5102636814117432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.48138192296028137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.4778953790664673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.4248936176300049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.359031617641449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33714282512664795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.33239930868148804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.25475606322288513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.1862925887107849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006167","descriptor_name":"Guilt","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016495","descriptor_name":"Police","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D021641","descriptor_name":"Recognition, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s41235-021-00276-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-021-00276-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-021-00276-3","pdf_url":"https://cognitiveresearchjournal.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s41235-021-00276-3","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035657644","display_name":"Cognitive Research Principles and Implications","issn_l":"2365-7464","issn":["2365-7464"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33660118","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33660118","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive research: principles and implications","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7930176","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7930176/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cogn Res Princ Implic","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:39d9490d6b2f48b8b8eb45853549e52f","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/39d9490d6b2f48b8b8eb45853549e52f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive Research, Vol 6, Iss 1, Pp 1-21 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s41235-021-00276-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-021-00276-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-021-00276-3","pdf_url":"https://cognitiveresearchjournal.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s41235-021-00276-3","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035657644","display_name":"Cognitive Research Principles and Implications","issn_l":"2365-7464","issn":["2365-7464"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6745529178","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NIJ 2018-14001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337430","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Justice"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337430","display_name":"National Institute of Justice","ror":"https://ror.org/00v8p7w89"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3135521685.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3135521685.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":75,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W282666689","https://openalex.org/W1623469565","https://openalex.org/W1903217508","https://openalex.org/W1974753737","https://openalex.org/W1990984265","https://openalex.org/W2000335922","https://openalex.org/W2005947472","https://openalex.org/W2011011829","https://openalex.org/W2015678414","https://openalex.org/W2018928944","https://openalex.org/W2019246685","https://openalex.org/W2021625970","https://openalex.org/W2023182894","https://openalex.org/W2029068118","https://openalex.org/W2029799689","https://openalex.org/W2038190809","https://openalex.org/W2049392683","https://openalex.org/W2051463502","https://openalex.org/W2052812432","https://openalex.org/W2056548115","https://openalex.org/W2060490746","https://openalex.org/W2061642814","https://openalex.org/W2071996207","https://openalex.org/W2099462015","https://openalex.org/W2101536199","https://openalex.org/W2122022309","https://openalex.org/W2129228329","https://openalex.org/W2129695869","https://openalex.org/W2130928925","https://openalex.org/W2135088505","https://openalex.org/W2150283722","https://openalex.org/W2160719354","https://openalex.org/W2163431889","https://openalex.org/W2169748447","https://openalex.org/W2198289967","https://openalex.org/W2204444579","https://openalex.org/W2276504555","https://openalex.org/W2295259091","https://openalex.org/W2321304554","https://openalex.org/W2321980786","https://openalex.org/W2496549422","https://openalex.org/W2505967268","https://openalex.org/W2521930821","https://openalex.org/W2524837122","https://openalex.org/W2562649102","https://openalex.org/W2587939579","https://openalex.org/W2594957659","https://openalex.org/W2598278611","https://openalex.org/W2742364680","https://openalex.org/W2756959124","https://openalex.org/W2778773317","https://openalex.org/W2785372460","https://openalex.org/W2795716077","https://openalex.org/W2800061444","https://openalex.org/W2800996003","https://openalex.org/W2809082803","https://openalex.org/W2883439473","https://openalex.org/W2886074557","https://openalex.org/W2897157327","https://openalex.org/W2900604489","https://openalex.org/W2904944758","https://openalex.org/W2917190706","https://openalex.org/W2945118358","https://openalex.org/W2947458311","https://openalex.org/W2950850590","https://openalex.org/W2970847344","https://openalex.org/W2997639933","https://openalex.org/W3000479776","https://openalex.org/W3007479875","https://openalex.org/W3023727855","https://openalex.org/W3036243930","https://openalex.org/W3120087504","https://openalex.org/W4230320403","https://openalex.org/W4301822236","https://openalex.org/W6694830214"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2917190706","https://openalex.org/W2321980786","https://openalex.org/W7214038298","https://openalex.org/W2950850590","https://openalex.org/W1570494456","https://openalex.org/W2114862093","https://openalex.org/W6939940226","https://openalex.org/W7113118009","https://openalex.org/W4402081323","https://openalex.org/W4387246022"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"diagnostic":[1,15,145],"feature-detection":[2],"theory":[3],"(DFT)":[4],"of":[5,18,55,62,81,86,97],"eyewitness":[6],"identification":[7],"is":[8,14],"based":[9],"on":[10],"facial":[11,56],"information":[12,29,57,103,132,146],"that":[13,101,128],"versus":[16],"non-diagnostic":[17,28,131],"suspect":[19,37],"guilt.":[20],"It":[21],"primarily":[22],"has":[23],"been":[24],"tested":[25,47],"by":[26,33,51],"discounting":[27],"at":[30,65],"retrieval,":[31],"typically":[32],"surrounding":[34],"a":[35,44,71,165,168,179],"single":[36],"showup":[38,166],"with":[39,70,173],"good":[40],"fillers":[41],"to":[42,111,163],"create":[43],"lineup.":[45],"We":[46],"additional":[48],"DFT":[49,82,119],"predictions":[50,123],"manipulating":[52],"the":[53,59,63,87],"presence":[54],"(i.e.,":[58],"exterior":[60],"region":[61],"face)":[64],"both":[66,151],"encoding":[67,98,105,121],"and":[68,83,106,120,142,153,170],"retrieval":[69,107],"large":[72],"between-subjects":[73],"factorial":[74],"design":[75],"(N":[76],"=":[77],"19,414).":[78],"In":[79,95],"support":[80,96],"in":[84],"replication":[85],"literature,":[88],"lineups":[89],"yielded":[90],"higher":[91],"discriminability":[92,135,149],"than":[93,140],"showups.":[94],"specificity,":[99],"conditions":[100],"matched":[102],"between":[104],"were":[108],"generally":[109],"superior":[110],"mismatch":[112],"conditions.":[113],"More":[114],"importantly,":[115],"we":[116],"supported":[117],"several":[118],"specificity":[122],"not":[124],"previously":[125],"tested,":[126],"including":[127],"(a)":[129],"adding":[130],"will":[133,147],"reduce":[134],"for":[136,150,159],"showups":[137,152],"more":[138],"so":[139],"lineups,":[141],"(b)":[143],"removing":[144],"lower":[148],"lineups.":[154],"These":[155],"results":[156],"have":[157],"implications":[158],"police":[160],"deciding":[161],"whether":[162],"conduct":[164],"or":[167],"lineup,":[169],"when":[171],"dealing":[172],"partially":[174],"disguised":[175],"perpetrators":[176],"(e.g.,":[177],"wearing":[178],"hoodie).":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2021-03-15T00:00:00"}
