{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3134731311","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/pel2.12088","title":"Current Commutation in a Switched Lithium\u2010Ion Cell used in Cascaded Half\u2010Bridge Multilevel Inverters","display_name":"Current Commutation in a Switched Lithium\u2010Ion Cell used in Cascaded Half\u2010Bridge Multilevel Inverters","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3134731311","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/pel2.12088","mag":"3134731311"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1049/pel2.12088","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/pel2.12088","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/pel2.12088","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S28122330","display_name":"IET Power Electronics","issn_l":"1755-4535","issn":["1755-4535","1755-4543"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-2","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Power Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/pel2.12088","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066880312","display_name":"Christian Hanzl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2163-0717","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2163-0717"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106192","display_name":"Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/02bxzcy64","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106192"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christian Hanzl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Innovative Mobility (IIMo), Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt, Ingolstadt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2163-0717","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Innovative Mobility (IIMo), Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt, Ingolstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032393166","display_name":"Christoph Hartmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1409-0073","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1409-0073"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106192","display_name":"Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/02bxzcy64","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106192"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christoph Hartmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Innovative Mobility (IIMo), Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt, Ingolstadt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Innovative Mobility (IIMo), Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt, Ingolstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080492526","display_name":"Markus H\u00f6lzle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9523-2223","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9523-2223"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106192","display_name":"Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/02bxzcy64","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106192"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markus H\u00f6lzle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Innovative Mobility (IIMo), Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt, Ingolstadt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Innovative Mobility (IIMo), Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt, Ingolstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071769513","display_name":"Bernhard Liebhart","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7091-7020","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7091-7020"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106192","display_name":"Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/02bxzcy64","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106192"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernhard Liebhart","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Innovative Mobility (IIMo), Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt, Ingolstadt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7091-7020","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Innovative Mobility (IIMo), Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt, Ingolstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070090102","display_name":"Michael Schmid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5272-5607","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5272-5607"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106192","display_name":"Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/02bxzcy64","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106192"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Schmid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Innovative Mobility (IIMo), Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt, Ingolstadt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5272-5607","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Innovative Mobility (IIMo), Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt, Ingolstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106192"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076993957","display_name":"Christian Endisch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1557-2944","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1557-2944"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106192","display_name":"Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/02bxzcy64","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106192"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Endisch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Innovative Mobility (IIMo), Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt, Ingolstadt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Innovative Mobility (IIMo), Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt, Ingolstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106192"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066880312"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106192"],"apc_list":{"value":2800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2800},"apc_paid":{"value":2800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2800},"fwci":0.5875,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58953724,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"6","first_page":"1073","last_page":"1088"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10228","display_name":"Multilevel Inverters and Converters","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10228","display_name":"Multilevel Inverters and Converters","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Battery Modeling and Management","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10361","display_name":"Silicon Carbide Semiconductor Technologies","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current-commutation","display_name":"current commutation","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilevel-inverter","display_name":"multilevel inverter","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery-electric-vehicles","display_name":"battery electric vehicles","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mosfet-switching-losses","display_name":"MOSFET switching losses","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current-waveform","display_name":"current waveform","score":0.49000000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/si-mosfet","display_name":"Si MOSFET","score":0.6850000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780147050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5155085","display_name":"Commutation","level":3,"score":0.8155619502067566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778541603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152763","display_name":"Lithium (medication)","level":2,"score":0.6243908405303955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778512005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1545300","display_name":"H bridge","level":4,"score":0.5307963490486145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.49695518612861633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145148216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36496","display_name":"Ion","level":2,"score":0.48362982273101807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.4135594964027405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4023483395576477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3890339136123657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3587983250617981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3512404263019562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3416178822517395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2696577310562134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2684785723686218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.17343759536743164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11190779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664575","display_name":"Inverter","level":3,"score":0.1450960338115692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.12964478135108948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.09959280490875244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.09089049696922302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1049/pel2.12088","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/pel2.12088","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/pel2.12088","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S28122330","display_name":"IET Power Electronics","issn_l":"1755-4535","issn":["1755-4535","1755-4543"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-2","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Power Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6a5f64d033384431985e9960181ecba6","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6a5f64d033384431985e9960181ecba6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IET Power Electronics, Vol 14, Iss 6, Pp 1073-1088 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1049/pel2.12088","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/pel2.12088","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/pel2.12088","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S28122330","display_name":"IET Power Electronics","issn_l":"1755-4535","issn":["1755-4535","1755-4543"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-2","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Power Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9853000044822693},{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5378999710083008}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W180106135","https://openalex.org/W1576157531","https://openalex.org/W2082891948","https://openalex.org/W2130914782","https://openalex.org/W2160322809","https://openalex.org/W2244336711","https://openalex.org/W2321766252","https://openalex.org/W2326878252","https://openalex.org/W2546679808","https://openalex.org/W2787831542","https://openalex.org/W2799026962","https://openalex.org/W2862496452","https://openalex.org/W2906817066","https://openalex.org/W2914926353","https://openalex.org/W2915500671","https://openalex.org/W4245435246"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386047787","https://openalex.org/W4321374607","https://openalex.org/W4223449315","https://openalex.org/W2316770655","https://openalex.org/W2149579544","https://openalex.org/W4384932395","https://openalex.org/W4395704309","https://openalex.org/W2598711443","https://openalex.org/W7006232842","https://openalex.org/W2969248680"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"In":[1,89],"order":[2],"to":[3,133,144],"improve":[4],"the":[5,11,29,48,62,67,97,103,109,112,117,121],"efficiency":[6],"of":[7,13,61,111,120,128],"battery":[8],"electric":[9],"vehicles,":[10],"utilization":[12],"reconfigurable":[14],"batteries":[15],"and":[16,39,59,100,115],"multilevel":[17],"inverters":[18],"based":[19],"on":[20,28,53,85,96],"low\u2010voltage":[21],"Si":[22],"MOSFETs":[23],"gains":[24],"growing":[25],"attention.":[26],"Focusing":[27],"half\u2010bridge":[30],"as":[31,57,64,66],"basic":[32],"switching":[33,69,98,118,141],"unit,":[34],"this":[35],"paper":[36],"examines":[37],"voltage":[38],"current":[40,49,63,78,101,127],"waveforms":[41],"during":[42],"switching.":[43],"It":[44],"is":[45,92],"shown":[46],"that":[47,94],"commutation":[50],"speed":[51],"depends":[52],"various":[54],"factors":[55],"such":[56],"sign":[58],"amplitude":[60],"well":[65],"particular":[68],"scenario.":[70],"For":[71],"instance,":[72],"turning":[73,83],"off":[74],"a":[75,124],"positive":[76,125],"cell":[77,105],"takes":[79,86],"0.21":[80],"s":[81],"while":[82,140],"it":[84,91],"0.9":[87],"s.":[88],"addition,":[90],"revealed":[93],"depending":[95],"scenario":[99],"direction,":[102],"lithium\u2010ion":[104],"supports":[106],"or":[107],"opposes":[108],"remagnetization":[110],"parasitic":[113],"inductances":[114],"therefore":[116],"losses":[119],"MOSFETs.":[122],"Switching":[123],"load":[126],"125":[129],"A":[130],"from":[131,142],"active":[132,145],"bypass":[134,143],"converts":[135,146],"276":[136],"J":[137,149],"into":[138,150],"heat":[139],"merely":[147],"32.5":[148],"heat.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2021-03-15T00:00:00"}