{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3134714752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2021.110936","title":"Code smell detection by deep direct-learning and transfer-learning","display_name":"Code smell detection by deep direct-learning and transfer-learning","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3134714752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2021.110936","mag":"3134714752"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jss.2021.110936","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2021.110936","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2021.110936","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37879656","display_name":"Journal of Systems and Software","issn_l":"0164-1212","issn":["0164-1212","1873-1228"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-c","fnege-4","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Systems and Software","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1904.03031","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023044082","display_name":"Tushar Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0538-052X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0538-052X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137693","display_name":"Siemens (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04axb7e79","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976","https://openalex.org/I4210137693"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tushar Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Siemens Technology, Charlotte, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Siemens Technology, Charlotte, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082898464","display_name":"Vasiliki Efstathiou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73142707","display_name":"Athens University of Economics and Business","ror":"https://ror.org/03s262162","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73142707"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vasiliki Efstathiou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Athens University of Economics and Business, Athens, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Athens University of Economics and Business, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73142707"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065365299","display_name":"\u03a0\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u039b\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3971-4612","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3971-4612"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73142707","display_name":"Athens University of Economics and Business","ror":"https://ror.org/03s262162","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73142707"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Panos Louridas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Athens University of Economics and Business, Athens, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Athens University of Economics and Business, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73142707"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021948425","display_name":"Diomidis D. Spinellis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4231-1897","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4231-1897"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73142707","display_name":"Athens University of Economics and Business","ror":"https://ror.org/03s262162","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73142707"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diomidis Spinellis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Athens University of Economics and Business, Athens, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Athens University of Economics and Business, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73142707"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023044082"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137693"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.9556,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":167,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99310282,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"176","issue":null,"first_page":"110936","last_page":"110936"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11450","display_name":"Model-Driven Software Engineering Techniques","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-smell-detection","display_name":"code smell detection","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-learning","display_name":"transfer learning","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"deep learning","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-networks","display_name":"convolutional neural networks","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-neural-networks","display_name":"recurrent neural networks","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"autoencoder","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/c","display_name":"C++","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/java","display_name":"Java","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-maintainability","display_name":"software maintainability","score":0.8069999814033508}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.7117962837219238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6256576776504517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5351271033287048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5316482186317444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4997091293334961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3480052351951599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2088119387626648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jss.2021.110936","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2021.110936","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2021.110936","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37879656","display_name":"Journal of Systems and Software","issn_l":"0164-1212","issn":["0164-1212","1873-1228"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-c","fnege-4","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Systems and Software","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1904.03031","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1904.03031","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1904.03031","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2940552531","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1904.03031.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1904.03031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1904.03031","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1904.03031","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1904.03031","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1904.03031","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1904.03031","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8059770990","display_name":"Developer-Centric Knowledge Mining from Large Open-Source Software Repositories","funder_award_id":"732223","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8730723340","display_name":"Software ENgineering in Enterprise Cloud Applications  systems","funder_award_id":"642954","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314745","display_name":"FP7 Coherent Development of Research Policies","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338337","display_name":"H2020 Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3134714752.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3134714752.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":197,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W71795751","https://openalex.org/W196761320","https://openalex.org/W649920412","https://openalex.org/W1498436455","https://openalex.org/W1503432700","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1554540371","https://openalex.org/W1607035479","https://openalex.org/W1615301200","https://openalex.org/W1689711448","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1847720358","https://openalex.org/W1876967670","https://openalex.org/W1902237438","https://openalex.org/W1948566616","https://openalex.org/W1958233763","https://openalex.org/W1965658570","https://openalex.org/W1972141422","https://openalex.org/W1986136726","https://openalex.org/W1987190286","https://openalex.org/W1987903230","https://openalex.org/W1988997230","https://openalex.org/W1990898617","https://openalex.org/W1996257013","https://openalex.org/W2005708641","https://openalex.org/W2008593255","https://openalex.org/W2018389835","https://openalex.org/W2025768430","https://openalex.org/W2026804661","https://openalex.org/W2033310064","https://openalex.org/W2034158106","https://openalex.org/W2046276611","https://openalex.org/W2053154970","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2068011713","https://openalex.org/W2071983648","https://openalex.org/W2087450238","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2096873754","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2098580305","https://openalex.org/W2101095383","https://openalex.org/W2101526741","https://openalex.org/W2102409316","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2111160323","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2113322762","https://openalex.org/W2113459411","https://openalex.org/W2113867035","https://openalex.org/W2116360511","https://openalex.org/W2117593603","https://openalex.org/W2122538988","https://openalex.org/W2127979711","https://openalex.org/W2129740354","https://openalex.org/W2130942839","https://openalex.org/W2136655611","https://openalex.org/W2136922672","https://openalex.org/W2141069252","https://openalex.org/W2141682682","https://openalex.org/W2142403498","https://openalex.org/W2144354855","https://openalex.org/W2147810104","https://openalex.org/W2151295763","https://openalex.org/W2152976736","https://openalex.org/W2156723666","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2158199200","https://openalex.org/W2159834252","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2163922914","https://openalex.org/W2164566712","https://openalex.org/W2212703438","https://openalex.org/W2238078713","https://openalex.org/W2242083635","https://openalex.org/W2257123346","https://openalex.org/W2269649163","https://openalex.org/W2282866165","https://openalex.org/W2310208102","https://openalex.org/W2325939864","https://openalex.org/W2346626577","https://openalex.org/W2402268235","https://openalex.org/W2402478911","https://openalex.org/W2474318526","https://openalex.org/W2504108613","https://openalex.org/W2511803001","https://openalex.org/W2516621648","https://openalex.org/W2555664060","https://openalex.org/W2556345765","https://openalex.org/W2557283755","https://openalex.org/W2559655401","https://openalex.org/W2559885217","https://openalex.org/W2562607067","https://openalex.org/W2572394326","https://openalex.org/W2575109289","https://openalex.org/W2593675739","https://openalex.org/W2598391117","https://openalex.org/W2604272474","https://openalex.org/W2605202003","https://openalex.org/W2608628736","https://openalex.org/W2620994026","https://openalex.org/W2728974883","https://openalex.org/W2740130862","https://openalex.org/W2740220421","https://openalex.org/W2741705590","https://openalex.org/W2743138268","https://openalex.org/W2743316948","https://openalex.org/W2750747353","https://openalex.org/W2751180361","https://openalex.org/W2754629507","https://openalex.org/W2756039569","https://openalex.org/W2763667918","https://openalex.org/W2765574772","https://openalex.org/W2766736793","https://openalex.org/W2780783514","https://openalex.org/W2784570262","https://openalex.org/W2788784374","https://openalex.org/W2795027827","https://openalex.org/W2795143051","https://openalex.org/W2796404405","https://openalex.org/W2797042022","https://openalex.org/W2806551457","https://openalex.org/W2883305011","https://openalex.org/W2883359218","https://openalex.org/W2887364112","https://openalex.org/W2888837849","https://openalex.org/W2903709763","https://openalex.org/W2907705732","https://openalex.org/W2908058835","https://openalex.org/W2911233971","https://openalex.org/W2911761614","https://openalex.org/W2912965296","https://openalex.org/W2914234945","https://openalex.org/W2914825488","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2919910741","https://openalex.org/W2921792613","https://openalex.org/W2927177344","https://openalex.org/W2938075706","https://openalex.org/W2949117887","https://openalex.org/W2954274464","https://openalex.org/W2954823997","https://openalex.org/W2963266340","https://openalex.org/W2963617989","https://openalex.org/W2963921497","https://openalex.org/W2963935794","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2964325845","https://openalex.org/W2966158888","https://openalex.org/W2969368867","https://openalex.org/W2994865335","https://openalex.org/W3011564318","https://openalex.org/W3015174650","https://openalex.org/W3035156651","https://openalex.org/W3039617656","https://openalex.org/W3089202867","https://openalex.org/W3090081101","https://openalex.org/W3100319981","https://openalex.org/W3109716606","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W3148057751","https://openalex.org/W3148292708","https://openalex.org/W3187128563","https://openalex.org/W4206174637","https://openalex.org/W4231134532","https://openalex.org/W4232648333","https://openalex.org/W4233370869","https://openalex.org/W4233953472","https://openalex.org/W4235067964","https://openalex.org/W4235670907","https://openalex.org/W4235765578","https://openalex.org/W4237993802","https://openalex.org/W4239072543","https://openalex.org/W4239628796","https://openalex.org/W4240794126","https://openalex.org/W4243174839","https://openalex.org/W4245415816","https://openalex.org/W4247610018","https://openalex.org/W4252681483","https://openalex.org/W4253136463","https://openalex.org/W4253401260","https://openalex.org/W4253813365","https://openalex.org/W4254188649","https://openalex.org/W4256084472","https://openalex.org/W4384080199","https://openalex.org/W4393721841","https://openalex.org/W4394638297","https://openalex.org/W6748304040","https://openalex.org/W6771436712","https://openalex.org/W6785803531","https://openalex.org/W6912053170","https://openalex.org/W6949296359","https://openalex.org/W6968342407","https://openalex.org/W6968608520","https://openalex.org/W6968649123","https://openalex.org/W7057861444","https://openalex.org/W7075998162"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4413480783","https://openalex.org/W2969368867","https://openalex.org/W4292622331","https://openalex.org/W4391248846","https://openalex.org/W4389400020","https://openalex.org/W7120677245","https://openalex.org/W4411726400","https://openalex.org/W4390380216","https://openalex.org/W4312977649","https://openalex.org/W4393058173"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2021-03-15T00:00:00"}
