{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3134483770","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2021.1879030","title":"Is tDCS a potential first line treatment for major depression?","display_name":"Is tDCS a potential first line treatment for major depression?","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3134483770","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2021.1879030","mag":"3134483770","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33706656"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/09540261.2021.1879030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2021.1879030","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2021.1879030","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136737876","display_name":"International Review of Psychiatry","issn_l":"0954-0261","issn":["0954-0261","1369-1627"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Review of Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010125112","display_name":"Rachel D. Woodham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5581-9449","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5581-9449"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157227730","display_name":"University of East London","ror":"https://ror.org/057jrqr44","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157227730"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rachel Woodham","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157227730"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029074765","display_name":"Rachael M. Rimmer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0998-1063","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0998-1063"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157227730","display_name":"University of East London","ror":"https://ror.org/057jrqr44","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157227730"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rachael M. Rimmer","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0998-1063","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157227730"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043763422","display_name":"Julian Mutz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5308-1957","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5308-1957"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julian Mutz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5308-1957","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017659667","display_name":"Cynthia H.Y. Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4313-3500","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4313-3500","https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4069-8906"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157227730","display_name":"University of East London","ror":"https://ror.org/057jrqr44","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157227730"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cynthia H. Y. Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK","School of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4313-3500","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157227730"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017659667"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157227730","https://openalex.org/I183935753"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7386,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57749627,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"3","first_page":"250","last_page":"265"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10614","display_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10614","display_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11071","display_name":"Treatment of Major Depression","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11921","display_name":"Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcranial-direct-current-stimulation","display_name":"transcranial direct current stimulation","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/major-depressive-disorder","display_name":"major depressive disorder","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/first-line-treatment","display_name":"first-line therapy","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dorsolateral-prefrontal-cortex","display_name":"dorsolateral prefrontal cortex","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anodal-stimulation","display_name":"anodal stimulation","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroplasticity","display_name":"neuroplasticity","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-control","display_name":"cognitive control","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotion-dysregulation","display_name":"emotional dysregulation","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-resistant-depression","display_name":"treatment-resistant depression","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/home-based-tdcs","display_name":"home-based tDCS","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-impairment","display_name":"cognitive impairment","score":0.6830000281333923}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776867660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1814941","display_name":"Depression (economics)","level":2,"score":0.674236536026001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5701282620429993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.38212478160858154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.3719124495983124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3582620620727539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003865","descriptor_name":"Major Depressive Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003865","descriptor_name":"Major Depressive Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004644","descriptor_name":"Emotions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017397","descriptor_name":"Prefrontal Cortex","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D065908","descriptor_name":"Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/09540261.2021.1879030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2021.1879030","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2021.1879030","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136737876","display_name":"International Review of Psychiatry","issn_l":"0954-0261","issn":["0954-0261","1369-1627"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Review of Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33706656","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33706656","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.uel.ac.uk:89200","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2021.1879030","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401301","display_name":"UEL Research Repository (University of East London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I157227730","host_organization_name":"University of East London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157227730"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3781936570","display_name":"Exploring predictors of healthy ageing in UK Biobank","funder_award_id":"2050702","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334629","funder_display_name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320320","display_name":"Rosetrees Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/04e3zg361"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334629","display_name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/00cwqg982"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":139,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W6668765","https://openalex.org/W91108901","https://openalex.org/W155662389","https://openalex.org/W967575156","https://openalex.org/W1486457304","https://openalex.org/W1566415063","https://openalex.org/W1665095741","https://openalex.org/W1711548506","https://openalex.org/W1959119377","https://openalex.org/W1967075670","https://openalex.org/W1969709016","https://openalex.org/W1969852349","https://openalex.org/W1970780234","https://openalex.org/W1971296698","https://openalex.org/W1971733588","https://openalex.org/W1973591154","https://openalex.org/W1974612909","https://openalex.org/W1975345989","https://openalex.org/W1976324560","https://openalex.org/W1978891587","https://openalex.org/W1981590577","https://openalex.org/W1984615306","https://openalex.org/W1985336204","https://openalex.org/W1990338088","https://openalex.org/W2000119960","https://openalex.org/W2001430965","https://openalex.org/W2003539800","https://openalex.org/W2003741166","https://openalex.org/W2009409168","https://openalex.org/W2012307799","https://openalex.org/W2012502638","https://openalex.org/W2012691107","https://openalex.org/W2013336473","https://openalex.org/W2022546303","https://openalex.org/W2022555874","https://openalex.org/W2023181515","https://openalex.org/W2024985387","https://openalex.org/W2026743859","https://openalex.org/W2027568813","https://openalex.org/W2029691031","https://openalex.org/W2030957288","https://openalex.org/W2039805132","https://openalex.org/W2043305391","https://openalex.org/W2045686650","https://openalex.org/W2046031554","https://openalex.org/W2049511526","https://openalex.org/W2049785594","https://openalex.org/W2055362996","https://openalex.org/W2056013908","https://openalex.org/W2058631079","https://openalex.org/W2059974504","https://openalex.org/W2065300495","https://openalex.org/W2067175215","https://openalex.org/W2077209977","https://openalex.org/W2078592937","https://openalex.org/W2079890482","https://openalex.org/W2080247792","https://openalex.org/W2080844086","https://openalex.org/W2082073825","https://openalex.org/W2083199782","https://openalex.org/W2083601314","https://openalex.org/W2084785111","https://openalex.org/W2086351661","https://openalex.org/W2089198034","https://openalex.org/W2089656517","https://openalex.org/W2091092982","https://openalex.org/W2091623121","https://openalex.org/W2094661673","https://openalex.org/W2096856265","https://openalex.org/W2097273459","https://openalex.org/W2097334123","https://openalex.org/W2100991928","https://openalex.org/W2110290939","https://openalex.org/W2111747737","https://openalex.org/W2114904714","https://openalex.org/W2121873218","https://openalex.org/W2122713675","https://openalex.org/W2125838454","https://openalex.org/W2129291496","https://openalex.org/W2132324173","https://openalex.org/W2134180298","https://openalex.org/W2136148200","https://openalex.org/W2141305471","https://openalex.org/W2142002093","https://openalex.org/W2147909291","https://openalex.org/W2148239264","https://openalex.org/W2149233072","https://openalex.org/W2149430741","https://openalex.org/W2151955213","https://openalex.org/W2152850599","https://openalex.org/W2154086414","https://openalex.org/W2155054485","https://openalex.org/W2160423094","https://openalex.org/W2162541816","https://openalex.org/W2163099466","https://openalex.org/W2165155269","https://openalex.org/W2165530068","https://openalex.org/W2166347822","https://openalex.org/W2169624269","https://openalex.org/W2170298556","https://openalex.org/W2209613436","https://openalex.org/W2327064177","https://openalex.org/W2339018270","https://openalex.org/W2343166011","https://openalex.org/W2403154756","https://openalex.org/W2527824850","https://openalex.org/W2529092149","https://openalex.org/W2530435296","https://openalex.org/W2538391214","https://openalex.org/W2551640496","https://openalex.org/W2563299902","https://openalex.org/W2566365112","https://openalex.org/W2568412142","https://openalex.org/W2625451175","https://openalex.org/W2732204853","https://openalex.org/W2751219396","https://openalex.org/W2765509638","https://openalex.org/W2788337440","https://openalex.org/W2793127951","https://openalex.org/W2793349174","https://openalex.org/W2799674034","https://openalex.org/W2806943181","https://openalex.org/W2884784982","https://openalex.org/W2912321022","https://openalex.org/W2923273639","https://openalex.org/W2937939311","https://openalex.org/W2942668506","https://openalex.org/W2943959675","https://openalex.org/W2949370209","https://openalex.org/W2965668968","https://openalex.org/W2968391207","https://openalex.org/W2971323099","https://openalex.org/W2989512708","https://openalex.org/W3002841624","https://openalex.org/W3004258528","https://openalex.org/W3005023135","https://openalex.org/W3006290489","https://openalex.org/W4214891130","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2096707321","https://openalex.org/W2801163451","https://openalex.org/W1843003574","https://openalex.org/W4382932879","https://openalex.org/W2895593909","https://openalex.org/W4409183558","https://openalex.org/W1965054305","https://openalex.org/W2337125694","https://openalex.org/W4386069185","https://openalex.org/W2149121979"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Transcranial":[0],"direct":[1,40],"current":[2,41],"stimulation":[3,28,48,71,149],"(tDCS)":[4],"is":[5,22,132,188],"a":[6,18,23,36,89,99],"novel":[7],"treatment":[8,109,210],"option":[9],"for":[10],"major":[11,118],"depression":[12,66],"which":[13,29,178],"could":[14,162],"be":[15,163,192],"provided":[16],"as":[17,151,153],"first-line":[19],"treatment.":[20],"tDCS":[21,93,186,209],"non-invasive":[24],"form":[25],"of":[26,79,91,101,207],"transcranial":[27],"changes":[30],"cortical":[31],"tissue":[32],"excitability":[33],"by":[34],"applying":[35],"weak":[37],"(0.5-2":[38],"mA)":[39],"via":[42],"scalp":[43],"electrodes.":[44],"Anodal":[45],"and":[46,52,55,83,116,137,190,205,211],"cathodal":[47],"leads":[49],"to":[50,72,98,200],"depolarisation":[51],"hyperpolarisation,":[53],"respectively,":[54],"cumulative":[56],"effects":[57,110,122,171],"are":[58,94,111,198],"observed":[59,125],"with":[60],"repeated":[61],"sessions.":[62],"The":[63,129,185],"montage":[64],"in":[65,85,96,113,126,141,155,166],"most":[67],"often":[68],"involves":[69],"anodal":[70],"the":[73,107,135,148,202],"left":[74],"dorsolateral":[75],"prefrontal":[76],"cortex.":[77],"Rates":[78],"clinical":[80],"response,":[81],"remission,":[82],"improvements":[84],"depressive":[86],"symptoms":[87],"following":[88],"course":[90,100],"active":[92],"greater":[95],"comparison":[97],"placebo":[102],"sham-controlled":[103],"tDCS.":[104],"In":[105],"particular,":[106],"largest":[108],"evident":[112],"first":[114],"episode":[115],"recurrent":[117],"depression,":[119],"while":[120],"minimal":[121],"have":[123,144,175],"been":[124,145,176],"treatment-resistant":[127],"depression.":[128],"proposed":[130],"mechanism":[131],"neuroplasticity":[133],"at":[134,147,194],"cellular":[136],"molecular":[138],"level.":[139],"Alterations":[140],"neural":[142],"responses":[143],"found":[146],"site":[150],"well":[152],"subcortically":[154],"prefrontal-amygdala":[156],"connectivity.":[157],"A":[158],"possible":[159],"mediating":[160],"effect":[161],"cognitive":[164,173],"control":[165],"emotion":[167],"dysregulation.":[168],"Additional":[169],"beneficial":[170],"on":[172],"impairments":[174],"reported,":[177],"would":[179],"address":[180],"an":[181],"important":[182],"unmet":[183],"need.":[184],"device":[187],"portable":[189],"can":[191],"used":[193],"home.":[195],"Clinical":[196],"trials":[197],"required":[199],"establish":[201],"efficacy,":[203],"feasibility":[204],"acceptability":[206],"home-based":[208],"mechanisms.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2021-03-15T00:00:00"}