{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3134470176","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23745118.2021.1895558","title":"Investigating Government lending during an economic crisis: a comparative analysis of four EU countries","display_name":"Investigating Government lending during an economic crisis: a comparative analysis of four EU countries","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3134470176","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23745118.2021.1895558","mag":"3134470176"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/23745118.2021.1895558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23745118.2021.1895558","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23745118.2021.1895558","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764397878","display_name":"European Politics and Society","issn_l":"2374-5118","issn":["2374-5118","2374-5126"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Politics and Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014758465","display_name":"\u039d\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03b1\u03bf\u03c2 \u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2810-5886","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2810-5886","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7027-140X","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9376-3063"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122463","display_name":"Neapolis University Pafos","ror":"https://ror.org/02kjms144","country_code":"CY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122463"]}],"countries":["CY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nikolaos Apostolopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics and Business, Neapolis University Pafos, Paphos, Cyprus"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7027-140X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics and Business, Neapolis University Pafos, Paphos, Cyprus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122463"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066454403","display_name":"Marios Psychalis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8014-7007","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8014-7007"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158716096","display_name":"University of Peloponnese","ror":"https://ror.org/04d4d3c02","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158716096"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marios Psychalis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics, University of Peloponnese, Tripoli, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, University of Peloponnese, Tripoli, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158716096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080805423","display_name":"Panagiotis G. Liargovas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2570-0156","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2570-0156"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158716096","display_name":"University of Peloponnese","ror":"https://ror.org/04d4d3c02","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158716096"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Panagiotis Liargovas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics, University of Peloponnese, Tripoli, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, University of Peloponnese, Tripoli, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158716096"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043752224","display_name":"Victoria Pistikou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3773-0109","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3773-0109"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147962203","display_name":"Democritus University of Thrace","ror":"https://ror.org/03bfqnx40","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victoria Pistikou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014758465"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122463"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8916,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79587554,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"4","first_page":"548","last_page":"562"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11621","display_name":"Fiscal Policies and Political Economy","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11621","display_name":"Fiscal Policies and Political Economy","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11770","display_name":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","score":0.010099999606609344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10007","display_name":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government-lending","display_name":"government lending","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiscal-balance","display_name":"budget balance","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/budget-deficit","display_name":"budget deficit","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gdp-growth","display_name":"GDP growth","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-crisis","display_name":"economic crisis","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ricardian-equivalence","display_name":"Ricardian equivalence","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowding-out","display_name":"crowding out","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiscal-policy","display_name":"fiscal policy","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granger-causality","display_name":"Granger causality","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greece","display_name":"Greece","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/italy","display_name":"Italy","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spain","display_name":"Spain","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/portugal","display_name":"Portugal","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19-economic-recovery","display_name":"COVID-19 economic recovery","score":0.7490000128746033}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.7815395593643188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776743220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068270","display_name":"Ricardian equivalence","level":3,"score":0.7240027189254761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129824826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2630107","display_name":"Granger causality","level":2,"score":0.5837494134902954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.5491422414779663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45619296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17010135","display_name":"Deficit spending","level":3,"score":0.476390540599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181683161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7301159","display_name":"Real gross domestic product","level":2,"score":0.4741643965244293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524878704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187021","display_name":"Fiscal policy","level":2,"score":0.4674219787120819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.43997010588645935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64357122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149766","display_name":"Causality (physics)","level":2,"score":0.43035706877708435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185874996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269699","display_name":"Interdependence","level":2,"score":0.42271921038627625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.41886916756629944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8031360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071788","display_name":"Crowding out","level":2,"score":0.4111429750919342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.18879210948944092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.07675880193710327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120527767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3196867","display_name":"Debt","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/23745118.2021.1895558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23745118.2021.1895558","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23745118.2021.1895558","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764397878","display_name":"European Politics and Society","issn_l":"2374-5118","issn":["2374-5118","2374-5126"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Politics and Society","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.6452000141143799}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W93907061","https://openalex.org/W112673550","https://openalex.org/W121859652","https://openalex.org/W301232510","https://openalex.org/W1492289937","https://openalex.org/W1510201862","https://openalex.org/W1571162611","https://openalex.org/W1592996072","https://openalex.org/W1888190625","https://openalex.org/W1984369066","https://openalex.org/W1989638280","https://openalex.org/W1993954606","https://openalex.org/W2001865361","https://openalex.org/W2033877637","https://openalex.org/W2035240929","https://openalex.org/W2038517135","https://openalex.org/W2042762545","https://openalex.org/W2045339631","https://openalex.org/W2046470116","https://openalex.org/W2053170977","https://openalex.org/W2058412252","https://openalex.org/W2072682145","https://openalex.org/W2075726961","https://openalex.org/W2096939287","https://openalex.org/W2120454990","https://openalex.org/W2129211969","https://openalex.org/W2133073337","https://openalex.org/W2141655366","https://openalex.org/W2156092766","https://openalex.org/W2166404014","https://openalex.org/W2167955907","https://openalex.org/W2173348880","https://openalex.org/W2178225550","https://openalex.org/W2201563156","https://openalex.org/W2212225246","https://openalex.org/W2307614450","https://openalex.org/W2549922004","https://openalex.org/W2551127709","https://openalex.org/W2560045750","https://openalex.org/W2565530522","https://openalex.org/W2595264181","https://openalex.org/W2618673218","https://openalex.org/W2761568065","https://openalex.org/W2802387575","https://openalex.org/W2806199860","https://openalex.org/W2890582071","https://openalex.org/W2891177073","https://openalex.org/W2896305060","https://openalex.org/W2899601080","https://openalex.org/W2900066117","https://openalex.org/W2958294796","https://openalex.org/W2964496956","https://openalex.org/W2966253947","https://openalex.org/W2997373562","https://openalex.org/W2998193909","https://openalex.org/W3002685098","https://openalex.org/W3033898687","https://openalex.org/W3081812437","https://openalex.org/W3083353584","https://openalex.org/W3092042143","https://openalex.org/W3094567235","https://openalex.org/W3121275295","https://openalex.org/W3121710193","https://openalex.org/W3124311208","https://openalex.org/W3124417261","https://openalex.org/W4205475223","https://openalex.org/W4288076309"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2888935236","https://openalex.org/W7112222882","https://openalex.org/W2781078444","https://openalex.org/W3184451205","https://openalex.org/W2338037605","https://openalex.org/W3149409772","https://openalex.org/W2342800237","https://openalex.org/W4394685208","https://openalex.org/W2605626100","https://openalex.org/W1996715530"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"economists":[1],"argue":[2],"that":[3,45,79,123,152],"fiscal":[4,8,53,153,179],"balance":[5],"(i.e.":[6],"preventing":[7],"deficits":[9,61],"and":[10,37,109,118,136],"establishing":[11],"rules":[12],"for":[13,114],"government":[14,138,163,188],"lending)":[15],"positively":[16],"affects":[17],"the":[18,33,38,84,93,102,106,110,128,132,147,150,170],"growth":[19,47,57,112,134,172],"rate.":[20,173],"Several":[21],"studies":[22],"document":[23],"a":[24,51,73,88,142,184,194],"strong":[25],"correlation":[26],"between":[27,105,131],"these":[28],"two":[29],"variables":[30],"based":[31],"on":[32],"Ricardian":[34],"equivalence":[35],"theorem":[36],"crowding-out":[39],"effect.":[40],"It":[41],"may":[42,155],"be":[43,191],"argued":[44],"high":[46],"rates":[48,58,113,135,140],"lead":[49,59,156],"to":[50,60,100,157,166,181],"positive":[52],"balance,":[54],"while":[55,160],"lower/negative":[56],"(but":[62],"not":[63],"vice":[64],"versa).":[65],"This":[66,174],"study":[67,175],"examines":[68],"this":[69],"cause-and-effect":[70,129],"relationship":[71,130],"via":[72],"sample":[74],"of":[75,144],"four":[76],"EU":[77],"countries":[78],"have":[80],"been":[81],"affected":[82],"by":[83],"economic":[85,158,196],"crisis.":[86,185],"Specifically,":[87],"Granger":[89],"causality":[90],"analysis":[91],"captures":[92],"linear":[94],"interdependencies":[95],"among":[96],"multiple":[97],"time":[98],"series":[99],"determine":[101],"causal":[103],"relation":[104],"budget":[107],"deficit":[108],"GDP":[111,133,171],"Greece,":[115],"Italy,":[116],"Spain,":[117],"Portugal.":[119],"The":[120],"results":[121],"show":[122],"no":[124],"clear":[125],"rule":[126],"governs":[127],"net":[137,162],"lending":[139,164,189],"(as":[141],"percentage":[143],"GDP).":[145],"Moreover,":[146],"literature":[148],"supports":[149],"idea":[151],"improvement":[154],"growth,":[159],"improving":[161],"leads":[165],"an":[167],"increase":[168],"in":[169,193],"suggests":[176],"some":[177],"useful":[178,192],"policies":[180],"apply":[182],"during":[183],"Also,":[186],"investigating":[187],"can":[190],"post-COVID-19":[195],"environment.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2021-03-15T00:00:00"}