{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3133699800","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2021.1419","title":"Low type I interferon response in COVID\u201119 patients: Interferon response may be a potential treatment for COVID\u201119","display_name":"Low type I interferon response in COVID\u201119 patients: Interferon response may be a potential treatment for COVID\u201119","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3133699800","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2021.1419","mag":"3133699800","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33786172","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7995242"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3892/br.2021.1419","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2021.1419","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2021.1419","pdf_url":"http://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/br.2021.1419/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2754599785","display_name":"Biomedical Reports","issn_l":"2049-9434","issn":["2049-9434","2049-9442"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320412","host_organization_name":"Spandidos Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320412"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Spandidos Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biomedical Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/br.2021.1419/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ahmed Salman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103044","display_name":"Ministry of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01b1c8m98","country_code":"IQ","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103044"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Salman","raw_affiliation_strings":["PCR Laboratory, Public Health Department, Basrah Health Directorate, Basrah, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PCR Laboratory, Public Health Department, Basrah Health Directorate, Basrah, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103044"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mohammed Waheed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103044","display_name":"Ministry of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01b1c8m98","country_code":"IQ","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103044"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Waheed","raw_affiliation_strings":["PCR Laboratory, Public Health Department, Basrah Health Directorate, Basrah, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PCR Laboratory, Public Health Department, Basrah Health Directorate, Basrah, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103044"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098275132","display_name":"Akeel Ali\u2010\u0391bdulsahib","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126633494","display_name":"University of Basrah","ror":"https://ror.org/00840ea57","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126633494"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akeel Ali\u2011\u0391bdulsahib","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microbiology Laboratory, Basrah Educational Hospital, Basrah, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microbiology Laboratory, Basrah Educational Hospital, Basrah, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126633494"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014252463","display_name":"Zeenah Atwan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7162-5217","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7162-5217"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126633494","display_name":"University of Basrah","ror":"https://ror.org/00840ea57","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126633494"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeenah Atwan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Biology Department, College of Science, Basrah University, Basrah, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Biology Department, College of Science, Basrah University, Basrah, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126633494"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1928,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88536671,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"5","first_page":"43","last_page":"43"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11668","display_name":"interferon and immune responses","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11668","display_name":"interferon and immune responses","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10118","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10041","display_name":"COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-i-interferon-response","display_name":"type I interferon response","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irf3","display_name":"IRF3","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferon-beta","display_name":"interferon-beta","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sars-cov-2","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferon-therapy","display_name":"interferon therapy","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-expression","display_name":"gene expression","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antiviral-cytokines","display_name":"antiviral cytokines","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sars-cov","display_name":"SARS-CoV","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mers-cov","display_name":"MERS-CoV","score":0.9229999780654907}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776178377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188269","display_name":"Interferon","level":2,"score":0.7272995710372925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780209191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14914339","display_name":"IRF3","level":4,"score":0.5853407382965088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.5630607604980469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.534771740436554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5082876086235046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.4806572198867798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9173399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6046461","display_name":"Interferon regulatory factors","level":4,"score":0.44756120443344116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.34792715311050415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.30838650465011597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.15590634942054749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136449434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428253","display_name":"Innate immune system","level":3,"score":0.11717519164085388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3892/br.2021.1419","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2021.1419","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2021.1419","pdf_url":"http://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/br.2021.1419/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2754599785","display_name":"Biomedical Reports","issn_l":"2049-9434","issn":["2049-9434","2049-9442"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320412","host_organization_name":"Spandidos Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320412"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Spandidos Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biomedical Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33786172","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33786172","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biomedical reports","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7995242","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7995242/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biomed Rep","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3892/br.2021.1419","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2021.1419","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2021.1419","pdf_url":"http://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/br.2021.1419/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2754599785","display_name":"Biomedical Reports","issn_l":"2049-9434","issn":["2049-9434","2049-9442"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320412","host_organization_name":"Spandidos Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320412"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Spandidos Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biomedical Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3133699800.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3133699800.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1481656940","https://openalex.org/W1965031127","https://openalex.org/W1966853330","https://openalex.org/W1986404791","https://openalex.org/W1989207797","https://openalex.org/W2000329335","https://openalex.org/W2004823446","https://openalex.org/W2007608885","https://openalex.org/W2028575270","https://openalex.org/W2036594413","https://openalex.org/W2037516617","https://openalex.org/W2040462912","https://openalex.org/W2044079984","https://openalex.org/W2060926084","https://openalex.org/W2077819506","https://openalex.org/W2089077517","https://openalex.org/W2100901703","https://openalex.org/W2105018942","https://openalex.org/W2108358296","https://openalex.org/W2108399976","https://openalex.org/W2119705958","https://openalex.org/W2127097702","https://openalex.org/W2130865497","https://openalex.org/W2137339316","https://openalex.org/W2138677670","https://openalex.org/W2154358367","https://openalex.org/W2156639337","https://openalex.org/W2156947910","https://openalex.org/W2159923899","https://openalex.org/W2267315119","https://openalex.org/W2335684552","https://openalex.org/W2399419020","https://openalex.org/W2506733409","https://openalex.org/W3013224006","https://openalex.org/W3016489853","https://openalex.org/W3020023582","https://openalex.org/W3021502717","https://openalex.org/W3023606094","https://openalex.org/W3024477807","https://openalex.org/W3025395896","https://openalex.org/W3027204812","https://openalex.org/W3032543466","https://openalex.org/W3034168389","https://openalex.org/W3041960835","https://openalex.org/W3042383115","https://openalex.org/W3043399375","https://openalex.org/W3048867192","https://openalex.org/W3080981445","https://openalex.org/W3085718285","https://openalex.org/W3088522588","https://openalex.org/W3089860580","https://openalex.org/W4313385737","https://openalex.org/W4408240880"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3158703112","https://openalex.org/W3030537287","https://openalex.org/W3120949491","https://openalex.org/W3080257745","https://openalex.org/W3048867192","https://openalex.org/W3045552416","https://openalex.org/W4280601030","https://openalex.org/W4324067475","https://openalex.org/W3116292747","https://openalex.org/W6930785608"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Interferons":[0],"(IFN)":[1],"are":[2],"antiviral":[3,36],"cytokines":[4],"that":[5,123],"mitigate":[6],"the":[7,15,26,45,52,58,76,79,104,132,164,167,181,185],"effects":[8],"of":[9,43,47,51,78,108,166,177],"invading":[10],"viruses":[11],"early":[12],"on":[13],"during":[14],"infection":[16,154],"process.":[17],"SARS-CoV":[18,150],"and":[19,81,98,113,151],"MERS":[20],"induce":[21,157],"weak":[22],"IFN":[23,32,61,109,160],"responses;":[24],"hence,":[25],"clinical":[27],"trials":[28],"which":[29],"included":[30],"recombinant":[31],"accompanied":[33],"with":[34,131,145],"other":[35,146],"drugs":[37],"exhibited":[38],"improved":[39],"results":[40,121,189],"in":[41,63,115,141,179,184],"terms":[42],"shortening":[44],"duration":[46],"illness.":[48],"The":[49,120,188],"aim":[50],"present":[53],"study":[54],"was":[55,127],"to":[56,66,72,96,102,162,173],"evaluate":[57,103],"type":[59],"I":[60],"response":[62,161,176],"COVID-19":[64,116,142,153],"patients":[65,117],"determine":[67],"whether":[68,82],"it":[69,83],"is":[70],"sufficient":[71],"eliminate":[73],"or":[74,118,192],"reduce":[75,163],"severity":[77,165],"infection,":[80],"can":[84],"be":[85,171,195],"recommended":[86],"as":[87,100,149,197],"a":[88],"potential":[89,198],"therapy.":[90],"Total":[91],"RNA":[92],"samples":[93],"were":[94],"converted":[95],"cDNA":[97],"used":[99,196],"templates":[101],"gene":[105,125],"expression":[106,126,138],"levels":[107],"regulatory":[110],"factor":[111],"(IRF)3":[112],"IFN-\u03b2":[114,137,182,191],"control.":[119],"showed":[122],"IRF3":[124,178],"upregulated":[128],"~250-fold":[129],"compared":[130],"negative":[133],"samples.":[134],"In":[135],"contrast,":[136],"increased":[139],"slightly":[140],"patients.":[143,187],"Consistent":[144],"coronaviruses,":[147],"such":[148],"MERS,":[152],"does":[155],"not":[156],"an":[158,174],"efficient":[159],"virus.":[168],"This":[169],"may":[170,194],"attributed":[172],"incomplete":[175],"activating":[180],"promoter":[183],"infected":[186],"suggest":[190],"\u03b1":[193],"treatments.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2021-03-15T00:00:00"}