{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3133682971","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128721999334","title":"Expanding Research on the School-to-Prison Pipeline: Examining the Relationships between Suspension, Expulsion, and Recidivism among Justice-Involved Youth","display_name":"Expanding Research on the School-to-Prison Pipeline: Examining the Relationships between Suspension, Expulsion, and Recidivism among Justice-Involved Youth","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3133682971","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128721999334","mag":"3133682971"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0011128721999334","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128721999334","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128721999334","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S75692751","display_name":"Crime & Delinquency","issn_l":"0011-1287","issn":["0011-1287","1552-387X","2471-3724","2471-4011"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Crime & Delinquency","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023983009","display_name":"Abigail S. Novak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4690-2339","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4690-2339"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I368840534","display_name":"University of Mississippi","ror":"https://ror.org/02teq1165","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I368840534","https://openalex.org/I4210141039"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abigail Novak","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Mississippi, Oxford, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4690-2339","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Mississippi, Oxford, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I368840534"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053274498","display_name":"Abigail A. Fagan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8757-4645","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8757-4645"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abigail Fagan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Florida, Gainesville, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florida, Gainesville, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023983009"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I368840534"],"apc_list":{"value":3000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3000},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.3243,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96555857,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"1","first_page":"3","last_page":"27"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12474","display_name":"Education Discipline and Inequality","score":0.9672999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12474","display_name":"Education Discipline and Inequality","score":0.9672999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10318","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis","score":0.015699999406933784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.015699999406933784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-to-prison-pipeline","display_name":"school-to-prison pipeline","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-suspension","display_name":"school suspension","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-expulsion","display_name":"school expulsion","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recidivism","display_name":"recidivism","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/justice-involved-youth","display_name":"justice-involved youth","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/juvenile-offenders","display_name":"juvenile offenders","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathways-to-desistance-study","display_name":"Pathways to Desistance study","score":0.8429999947547913}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776090404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1420643","display_name":"Recidivism","level":2,"score":0.9760934710502625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.599616527557373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780656516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40357","display_name":"Prison","level":2,"score":0.5897034406661987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139621336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3190382","display_name":"Economic Justice","level":2,"score":0.5065258741378784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.500542402267456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71376074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1001125","display_name":"Juvenile delinquency","level":2,"score":0.4994940757751465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1516282","display_name":"Juvenile","level":2,"score":0.47702452540397644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105341887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307987","display_name":"Suspension (topology)","level":3,"score":0.4667855501174927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1855093538761139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5961521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746083","display_name":"Homotopy","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0011128721999334","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128721999334","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128721999334","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S75692751","display_name":"Crime & Delinquency","issn_l":"0011-1287","issn":["0011-1287","1552-387X","2471-3724","2471-4011"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Crime & Delinquency","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.9595999717712402,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5683000087738037,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W82351800","https://openalex.org/W598660949","https://openalex.org/W1495509648","https://openalex.org/W1528194431","https://openalex.org/W1832344270","https://openalex.org/W1975283997","https://openalex.org/W2000929292","https://openalex.org/W2010167387","https://openalex.org/W2012130330","https://openalex.org/W2012899314","https://openalex.org/W2015515693","https://openalex.org/W2016028622","https://openalex.org/W2030926643","https://openalex.org/W2053584747","https://openalex.org/W2055586316","https://openalex.org/W2057115214","https://openalex.org/W2061165131","https://openalex.org/W2068382988","https://openalex.org/W2076894914","https://openalex.org/W2087206341","https://openalex.org/W2136265106","https://openalex.org/W2141336373","https://openalex.org/W2152095428","https://openalex.org/W2168653068","https://openalex.org/W2317279221","https://openalex.org/W2340479053","https://openalex.org/W2513331732","https://openalex.org/W2590207803","https://openalex.org/W2757679740","https://openalex.org/W2795606335","https://openalex.org/W2958739456","https://openalex.org/W3197199894","https://openalex.org/W4213326006","https://openalex.org/W4251941333","https://openalex.org/W4253307238","https://openalex.org/W4300944136"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7139464401","https://openalex.org/W1610127264","https://openalex.org/W2945557264","https://openalex.org/W2101595745","https://openalex.org/W2915146295","https://openalex.org/W7154488537","https://openalex.org/W2986400910","https://openalex.org/W2795606335","https://openalex.org/W4367044699","https://openalex.org/W1982308700"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Limited":[0],"research":[1],"has":[2],"examined":[3,40],"the":[4,32,37,41,49],"associations":[5,18,42],"between":[6,43,51],"different":[7],"forms":[8],"of":[9,22,68,72],"school":[10],"exclusion":[11],"and":[12,14,46,48,56,66,83,107],"offending,":[13],"variation":[15],"in":[16,89,101],"these":[17],"according":[19],"to":[20,34,59,95,114],"age":[21,52,74],"first":[23,54,76,87,99],"exclusionary":[24],"event,":[25],"among":[26],"justice-involved":[27,117],"youth.":[28,118],"Using":[29],"data":[30],"from":[31],"Pathways":[33],"Desistance":[35],"Study,":[36],"current":[38],"study":[39],"suspension,":[44],"expulsion,":[45],"recidivism":[47],"association":[50],"at":[53,75],"suspension/expulsion":[55],"recidivism.":[57],"According":[58],"Cox":[60],"proportional":[61],"hazard":[62],"models,":[63],"both":[64],"expulsion":[65],"frequency":[67],"suspension":[69,77],"increased":[70],"risk":[71],"recidivism;":[73],"was":[78],"not":[79],"associated":[80],"with":[81],"recidivism,":[82],"youth":[84,98],"who":[85],"were":[86,91],"expelled":[88,100],"childhood":[90],"significantly":[92],"less":[93],"likely":[94],"recidivate":[96],"than":[97],"adolescence.":[102],"Results":[103],"suggest":[104],"juvenile":[105],"justice":[106],"educational":[108],"systems":[109],"should":[110],"provide":[111],"collaborative":[112],"services":[113],"better":[115],"support":[116]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2021-03-15T00:00:00"}