{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3133678336","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052613","title":"The Role of Law Enforcement Officers/Police in Drug Prevention within Educational Settings\u2014Study Protocol for the Development of a Guiding Document Based on Experts\u2019 Opinions","display_name":"The Role of Law Enforcement Officers/Police in Drug Prevention within Educational Settings\u2014Study Protocol for the Development of a Guiding Document Based on Experts\u2019 Opinions","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3133678336","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052613","mag":"3133678336","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33807797","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7967531"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijerph18052613","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052613","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052613","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/5/2613/pdf?version=1615252999","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15239247","display_name":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","issn_l":"1660-4601","issn":["1660-4601","1661-7827"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","medline","norway-1","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/5/2613/pdf?version=1615252999","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057184655","display_name":"Ziad El\u2010Khatib","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0756-7280","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0756-7280"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32579530","display_name":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime","ror":"https://ror.org/04567sh69","country_code":"AT","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32579530"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziad El-Khatib","raw_affiliation_strings":["Drug Prevention and Health Branch, Prevention Treatment and Rehabilitation Section, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, P.O. Box 500, A-1400 Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Drug Prevention and Health Branch, Prevention Treatment and Rehabilitation Section, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, P.O. Box 500, A-1400 Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32579530"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Celina Herrera","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117965899","display_name":"University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa","ror":"https://ror.org/01wspgy28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Celina Herrera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Hawai\u2019i, M\u0101noa, HI 96822, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Hawai\u2019i, M\u0101noa, HI 96822, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050204536","display_name":"Giovanna Campello","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32579530","display_name":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime","ror":"https://ror.org/04567sh69","country_code":"AT","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32579530"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giovanna Campello","raw_affiliation_strings":["Drug Prevention and Health Branch, Prevention Treatment and Rehabilitation Section, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, P.O. Box 500, A-1400 Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Drug Prevention and Health Branch, Prevention Treatment and Rehabilitation Section, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, P.O. Box 500, A-1400 Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32579530"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082602359","display_name":"Elizabeth Mattfeld","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8056-2561","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8056-2561"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32579530","display_name":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime","ror":"https://ror.org/04567sh69","country_code":"AT","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32579530"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elizabeth Mattfeld","raw_affiliation_strings":["Drug Prevention and Health Branch, Prevention Treatment and Rehabilitation Section, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, P.O. Box 500, A-1400 Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Drug Prevention and Health Branch, Prevention Treatment and Rehabilitation Section, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, P.O. Box 500, A-1400 Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32579530"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020975372","display_name":"Wadih E. Maalouf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1820-3693","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1820-3693"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32579530","display_name":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime","ror":"https://ror.org/04567sh69","country_code":"AT","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32579530"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wadih Maalouf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Drug Prevention and Health Branch, Prevention Treatment and Rehabilitation Section, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, P.O. Box 500, A-1400 Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Drug Prevention and Health Branch, Prevention Treatment and Rehabilitation Section, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, P.O. Box 500, A-1400 Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32579530"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020975372"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32579530"],"apc_list":{"value":2300,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2484},"apc_paid":{"value":2300,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2484},"fwci":2.3684,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87828735,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"5","first_page":"2613","last_page":"2613"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10043","display_name":"Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes","score":0.7221999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10043","display_name":"Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes","score":0.7221999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11076","display_name":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","score":0.1607999950647354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.034299999475479126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-enforcement-officers","display_name":"law enforcement officers","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-based-drug-prevention","display_name":"school-based drug prevention","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/substance-abuse-prevention","display_name":"substance use prevention","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adolescent-drug-use","display_name":"adolescent drug use","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-safety","display_name":"school safety","score":0.5830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-youth-relations","display_name":"police-youth relations","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-violence","display_name":"school violence","score":0.3190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-training","display_name":"police training","score":0.3529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prevention-guidelines","display_name":"prevention guidelines","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expert-consensus","display_name":"expert consensus","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-conduct","display_name":"student conduct","score":0.43299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/youth-perceptions-of-police","display_name":"youth perceptions of police","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adolescent-health-outcomes","display_name":"adolescent health outcomes","score":0.5440000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resilience","display_name":"resilience","score":0.35899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delphi-method","display_name":"Delphi method","score":0.753000020980835}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780262971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44554","display_name":"Law enforcement","level":2,"score":0.7447304725646973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.5412840843200684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776348852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855848","display_name":"Crime prevention","level":2,"score":0.5311400294303894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777189325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61022630","display_name":"Officer","level":2,"score":0.5194129943847656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60641444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841602","display_name":"Delphi method","level":2,"score":0.4885002374649048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.48496198654174805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.42238855361938477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.35409972071647644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.35230210423469543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.3200475573539734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.22401419281959534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003415","descriptor_name":"Crime","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004364","descriptor_name":"Pharmaceutical Preparations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012196","descriptor_name":"Review Literature as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012574","descriptor_name":"Schools","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016495","descriptor_name":"Police","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D035846","descriptor_name":"Law Enforcement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijerph18052613","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052613","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052613","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/5/2613/pdf?version=1615252999","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15239247","display_name":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","issn_l":"1660-4601","issn":["1660-4601","1661-7827"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","medline","norway-1","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33807797","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33807797","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of environmental research and public health","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7967531","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7967531/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Int J Environ Res Public Health","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:5:p:2613-:d:511271","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/5/2613/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2651b91161fb484eafcaffd00d75ee5a","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2651b91161fb484eafcaffd00d75ee5a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 2613, p 2613 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijerph18052613","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052613","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052613","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/5/2613/pdf?version=1615252999","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15239247","display_name":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","issn_l":"1660-4601","issn":["1660-4601","1661-7827"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","medline","norway-1","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.9595999717712402,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8048999905586243,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.5385000109672546,"display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/study-protocol","display_name":"Study Protocol"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4424475767","display_name":"Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/01k32vr40"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3133678336.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3133678336.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W628057128","https://openalex.org/W1493825989","https://openalex.org/W1581987850","https://openalex.org/W1964637501","https://openalex.org/W1966820443","https://openalex.org/W2003535046","https://openalex.org/W2007367842","https://openalex.org/W2074008456","https://openalex.org/W2083191553","https://openalex.org/W2085686526","https://openalex.org/W2110601607","https://openalex.org/W2134108239","https://openalex.org/W2136778389","https://openalex.org/W2142362735","https://openalex.org/W2159664898","https://openalex.org/W2185091858","https://openalex.org/W2514421396","https://openalex.org/W2622632467","https://openalex.org/W2768507743","https://openalex.org/W2911767807","https://openalex.org/W3044277709","https://openalex.org/W3080682897","https://openalex.org/W3217456081"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2339864409","https://openalex.org/W4313186028","https://openalex.org/W4404945306","https://openalex.org/W7028477103","https://openalex.org/W3197171240","https://openalex.org/W3117214809","https://openalex.org/W4313341674","https://openalex.org/W2140955890","https://openalex.org/W2156649705","https://openalex.org/W2975233568"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,82,277],"United":[1],"Nations":[2],"Office":[3],"on":[4,12,101,162,204,222,358,405],"Drugs":[5],"and":[6,21,54,57,67,116,129,173,188,196,245,279,337,363,426],"Crime\u2014World":[7],"Health":[8],"Organization":[9],"International":[10,83],"Standards":[11],"Drug":[13],"Use":[14],"Prevention\u2014reflects":[15],"the":[16,26,33,110,125,141,163,181,205,253,256,272,342,354,371,383,390,395],"value":[17],"of":[18,28,35,94,127,143,212,255,282,333,373,397],"safe,":[19],"nurturing":[20],"supportive":[22],"social":[23,49],"institutions":[24,50],"around":[25,389],"lives":[27],"youths":[29],"to":[30,51,123,136,271,312,347,366,415],"benefit":[31],"from":[32,319],"prevention":[34,78,120,187,379,402,423,434],"risky":[36],"behavior":[37],"extending":[38],"beyond":[39],"individually-developed":[40],"resilience":[41],"for":[42,166,200,327],"healthy":[43],"adolescent":[44,58],"development.":[45],"Schools":[46],"are":[47,80,284,298,352],"valuable":[48],"this":[52,132,320],"effect":[53,100,228,234,262],"school":[55,107],"safety":[56],"health":[59],"outcomes":[60],"can":[61],"be":[62,124,416],"threatened":[63],"by":[64],"drug":[65,102,172,194,422,433],"use":[66,77,103,119,149,153,186],"violence.":[68],"As":[69],"such,":[70],"collaborative,":[71],"multi-level,":[72],"evidence-based,":[73],"developmentally":[74],"sensitive,":[75],"substance":[76,118,148,185],"programs":[79,98,121],"imperative.":[81],"Standards,":[84],"in":[85,106,138,146,150,170,184,192,218,377,400,424,432],"their":[86,223,406],"latest":[87],"version,":[88],"did":[89,263],"not":[90],"reflect":[91],"specific":[92],"evidence":[93],"law":[95,113,144,168,190,201,293,374,398,429],"enforcement":[96,114,145,169,191,202,375,399],"officer-based":[97],"with":[99,178,258,385],"prevention,":[104],"including":[105,156],"settings.":[108,437],"Nevertheless,":[109],"collaboration":[111],"between":[112],"agencies":[115],"school-based":[117,171,193,339,378],"continue":[122],"focus":[126],"research":[128],"policy.":[130],"In":[131],"project,":[133],"we":[134,208,351],"aim":[135],"explore":[137],"more":[139,380],"detail":[140],"role":[142,295,307,372,396,431],"preventing":[147],"schools.":[151],"We":[152],"mixed":[154,239],"methods,":[155],"three":[157],"phases:":[158],"(i)":[159],"scoping":[160],"review":[161,321],"best":[164],"practices":[165],"effective":[167,401],"crime":[174],"prevention;":[175,195],"(ii)":[176],"interviews":[177],"experts,":[179],"using":[180],"Delphi":[182],"method,":[183],"training":[189],"iii)":[197],"developing":[198],"guidelines":[199,404],"based":[203,221,357],"findings.":[206],"Initially,":[207],"identified":[209],"a":[210,330,411],"total":[211],"17":[213],"papers":[214],"that":[215,304,323,369,413],"were":[216],"categorized":[217],"four":[219],"categories":[220],"results":[224,269],"(negative":[225],"or":[226,260],"null":[227,261],"n":[229,235,241,248],"=":[230,236,242,249],"11":[231],"studies,":[232],"positive":[233],"1":[237,250],"study,":[238],"effects":[240],"4":[243],"studies":[244,257],"indefinite":[246],"conclusion":[247],"study).":[251],"However,":[252],"authors":[254],"negative":[259],"recommend":[264],"being":[265],"cautious":[266],"about":[267,394],"these":[268],"due":[270],"respective":[273],"studies\u2019":[274],"methodological":[275],"limitations.":[276],"actual":[278],"perceived":[280],"roles":[281,407],"police":[283,334],"largely":[285],"unclear":[286],"and/or":[287],"variable.":[288],"Therefore,":[289],"clear":[290],"outlines":[291],"regarding":[292],"enforcement\u2019s":[294,430],"within":[296,408,435],"schools":[297,409,425],"crucial":[299],"as":[300],"one":[301],"study":[302],"showed":[303],"an":[305],"officer\u2019s":[306],"influences":[308],"how":[309],"they":[310],"respond":[311],"student":[313],"conduct.":[314],"A":[315],"secondary":[316],"emergent":[317],"theme":[318],"indicates":[322],"there":[324],"is":[325,344,410],"potential":[326],"positively":[328],"impacting":[329],"youth\u2019s":[331],"perceptions":[332],"through":[335],"collaborative":[336],"engaging":[338],"programs.":[340],"Currently":[341],"project":[343],"gradually":[345],"moving":[346],"Phase":[348],"II,":[349],"where":[350],"identifying":[353],"key":[355],"experts":[356],"scientifically":[359],"published":[360],"peer":[361],"reviewed":[362],"grey":[364],"literature/guidelines":[365],"investigate":[367],"elements":[368],"make":[370],"officers":[376],"effective.":[381],"Given":[382],"frequency":[384],"which":[386],"policy":[387],"makers":[388],"world":[391],"request":[392],"information":[393],"efforts,":[403],"gap":[412],"needs":[414],"filled.":[417],"Such":[418],"efforts":[419],"would":[420],"improve":[421],"better":[427],"orient":[428],"educational":[436]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2021-03-15T00:00:00"}
