{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3133616997","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icse-seet52601.2021.00036","title":"Morning or Evening? An Examination of Circadian Rhythms of CS1 Students","display_name":"Morning or Evening? An Examination of Circadian Rhythms of CS1 Students","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3133616997","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icse-seet52601.2021.00036","mag":"3133616997"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icse-seet52601.2021.00036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icse-seet52601.2021.00036","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icse-seet52601.2021.00036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407088657","display_name":"IEEE/ACM International Conference on Software Engineering: Software Engineering Education and Training (ICSE-SEET)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE/ACM 43rd International Conference on Software Engineering: Software Engineering Education and Training (ICSE-SEET)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.01752","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076312356","display_name":"Albina Zavgorodniaia","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Albina Zavgorodniaia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalto University, Finland","(Helsinki University of Technology)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalto University, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"(Helsinki University of Technology)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013950323","display_name":"Raj Shrestha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121980950","display_name":"Utah State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00h6set76","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raj Shrestha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Utah State University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Utah State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041367899","display_name":"Juho Leinonen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6829-9449","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6829-9449"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juho Leinonen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Helsinki, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076828114","display_name":"Arto Hellas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6502-209X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6502-209X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arto Hellas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalto University, Finland","(Helsinki University of Technology)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalto University, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"(Helsinki University of Technology)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080249229","display_name":"John Edwards","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0882-312X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0882-312X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121980950","display_name":"Utah State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00h6set76","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Edwards","raw_affiliation_strings":["Utah State University, USA","UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Utah State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5567,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89181988,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"261","last_page":"272"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.7621999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.7621999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.08110000193119049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10342","display_name":"Circadian rhythm and melatonin","score":0.07900000363588333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2807","display_name":"Endocrine and Autonomic Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circadian-rhythm","display_name":"circadian rhythm","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronotype","display_name":"chronotype","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cs1-course","display_name":"CS1 course","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/introductory-programming","display_name":"introductory programming","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keystroke-data","display_name":"keystroke data","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-achievement","display_name":"academic performance","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/procrastination","display_name":"procrastination","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-effort","display_name":"student effort","score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"unsupervised learning","score":0.7250000238418579}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47056694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184869","display_name":"Chronotype","level":3,"score":0.9574750661849976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194279344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330104","display_name":"Procrastination","level":2,"score":0.5803687572479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776476923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7725","display_name":"Evening","level":2,"score":0.5080647468566895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.48117193579673767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4749836325645447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.43963623046875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121446783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208353","display_name":"Circadian rhythm","level":2,"score":0.36536645889282227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3327457904815674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.23978367447853088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icse-seet52601.2021.00036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icse-seet52601.2021.00036","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icse-seet52601.2021.00036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407088657","display_name":"IEEE/ACM International Conference on Software Engineering: Software Engineering Education and Training (ICSE-SEET)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE/ACM 43rd International Conference on Software Engineering: Software Engineering Education and Training (ICSE-SEET)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2103.01752","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2103.01752","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.01752","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:helda.helsinki.fi:10138/333460","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10138/333460","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10138/333460","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213322","display_name":"Ty\u00f6v\u00e4entutkimus Vuosikirja","issn_l":"0784-1272","issn":["0784-1272","1459-7780"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["ddh","jufo-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference contribution"},{"id":"mag:3133616997","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.01752.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2103.01752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2103.01752","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2103.01752","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.4498456","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4498456","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4498456","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Software"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.4498457","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4498457","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4498457","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Software"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2103.01752","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2103.01752","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.01752","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.8278999924659729}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3133616997.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3133616997.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1576708673","https://openalex.org/W2003302378","https://openalex.org/W2012376099","https://openalex.org/W2015968801","https://openalex.org/W2020642006","https://openalex.org/W2039931639","https://openalex.org/W2058260126","https://openalex.org/W2062315768","https://openalex.org/W2065907635","https://openalex.org/W2073934198","https://openalex.org/W2074296369","https://openalex.org/W2081704050","https://openalex.org/W2081898573","https://openalex.org/W2082062847","https://openalex.org/W2091367633","https://openalex.org/W2098269817","https://openalex.org/W2123106689","https://openalex.org/W2124966347","https://openalex.org/W2142880662","https://openalex.org/W2143210222","https://openalex.org/W2147858106","https://openalex.org/W2148249910","https://openalex.org/W2162691926","https://openalex.org/W2275142089","https://openalex.org/W2293040502","https://openalex.org/W2296170693","https://openalex.org/W2463194977","https://openalex.org/W2466247488","https://openalex.org/W2485945674","https://openalex.org/W2555355180","https://openalex.org/W2728842346","https://openalex.org/W2729814639","https://openalex.org/W2750279935","https://openalex.org/W2772607227","https://openalex.org/W2787663854","https://openalex.org/W2788809783","https://openalex.org/W2801319254","https://openalex.org/W2808747437","https://openalex.org/W2808804608","https://openalex.org/W2885784623","https://openalex.org/W2947880423","https://openalex.org/W2969624743","https://openalex.org/W2990617071","https://openalex.org/W3009486343","https://openalex.org/W3048016185","https://openalex.org/W3104278356"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2969624743","https://openalex.org/W2772607227","https://openalex.org/W4300619813","https://openalex.org/W7113900360","https://openalex.org/W3030269013","https://openalex.org/W3094122442","https://openalex.org/W7134895972","https://openalex.org/W2466247488","https://openalex.org/W7164908728","https://openalex.org/W7212311062"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Circadian":[0],"rhythms":[1],"are":[2,22,130],"the":[3,46,60,77,96,117,139,153],"cycles":[4],"of":[5,40,62,79,91,103,114,120,152,174],"our":[6,99],"internal":[7],"clock":[8],"that":[9,145,164],"play":[10],"a":[11,31,112,121,125],"key":[12],"role":[13],"in":[14,59,95,138,143,172],"governing":[15],"when":[16,20,45],"we":[17,21,56,75,86,156],"sleep":[18],"and":[19,42,51,98,141,162,176],"active.":[23],"A":[24],"related":[25],"concept":[26],"is":[27,30,48],"chronotype,":[28],"which":[29],"person's":[32],"natural":[33],"tendency":[34],"toward":[35],"activity":[36],"at":[37],"certain":[38,104],"times":[39],"day":[41],"typically":[43],"governs":[44],"individual":[47],"most":[49],"alert":[50],"productive.":[52],"In":[53,150],"this":[54],"work":[55],"investigate":[57,76],"chronotypes":[58,80,85,105],"setting":[61],"an":[63],"Introductory":[64],"Computer":[65],"Programming":[66],"(CS1)":[67],"course.":[68],"Using":[69],"keystroke":[70],"data":[71,133],"collected":[72],"from":[73,134],"students":[74,171],"existence":[78],"through":[81],"unsupervised":[82],"learning.":[83],"The":[84,128],"find":[87,111],"align":[88],"with":[89],"those":[90],"typical":[92],"populations":[93],"reported":[94],"literature":[97],"results":[100],"support":[101,115],"correlations":[102],"to":[106],"academic":[107],"achievement.":[108],"We":[109],"also":[110],"lack":[113],"for":[116],"still-popular":[118],"stereotype":[119],"computer":[122],"programmer":[123],"as":[124],"night":[126],"owl.":[127],"analyses":[129],"conducted":[131],"on":[132],"two":[135,154],"universities,":[136],"one":[137,142],"US":[140],"Europe,":[144],"use":[146],"different":[147],"teaching":[148],"methods.":[149],"comparison":[151],"contexts,":[155],"look":[157],"into":[158],"programming":[159,168],"assignment":[160],"design":[161],"administration":[163],"may":[165],"promote":[166],"better":[167],"practices":[169],"among":[170],"terms":[173],"procrastination":[175],"effort.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2021-03-15T00:00:00"}